Omar Al-Bashir and Africa's longest war

332 Pages·2015·4.31 MB·English

by  Moorcraft

Some of Paul Moorcraft’s other books on military topics A Short Thousand Years: The End of
Rhodesia’s Rebellion (1979) Contact 2: The Struggle for Peace (1981)
Africa s Superpower (1982)
African Nemesis: War and Revolution in Southern Africa, 1945-2010 (1994) Axis of Evil: The War on
Terror (with Gwyn Winfield and John Chisholm) (2005) The New Wars of the West (with Gwyn Winfield
and John Chisholm) (2006) Inside the Danger Zones: Travels to Arresting Places (2010) Shooting the
Messenger: The Politics of War Reporting (with Phil Taylor) (2011) The Rhodesian War: A Military
History (with Peter McLaughlin) (2011) Mugabe’s War Machine (2011)
Total Destruction of the Tamil Tigers (2012)

First published in Great Britain in 2015 by
PEN & SWORD MILITARY
an imprint of
Pen & Sword Books Ltd
47 Church Street
Barnsley
South Yorkshire
S70 2AS
Copyright © Professor Paul L. Moorcraft, 2015
ISBN: 978 1 47382 823 0 HB
ISBN: 978 1 47384 252 6 TPB
EPUB ISBN: 978 1 47385 496 3
PRC ISBN: 978 1 47385 502 1
The right of Professor Paul L. Moorcraft to be identified as the
author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance
with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
A CIP catalogue record for this book is
available from the British Library
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including
photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval
system, without permission from the Publisher in writing.
Typeset in Times New Roman by Chic Graphics
Printed and bound in England
by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY
Pen & Sword Books Ltd incorporates the imprints of
Pen & Sword Books Ltd incorporates the imprints of Pen & Sword
Archaeology, Atlas, Aviation, Battleground, Discovery,
Family History, History, Maritime, Military, Naval, Politics,
Railways, Select, Social History, Transport, True Crime,
Claymore Press, Frontline Books, Leo Cooper, Praetorian Press,
Remember When, Seaforth Publishing and Wharncliffe.
For a complete list of Pen & Sword titles please contact
PEN & SWORD BOOKS LIMITED
47 Church Street, Barnsley, South Yorkshire, S70 2AS, England
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.pen-and-sword.co.uk
Contents
About the Author
Abbreviations
Glossary of Terms
Modern Sudanese Timeline
Maps
List of Illustrations
Introduction
1 The Historical Background
2 British Rule
3 Failed Democracy – Failed Coups (1956–1989)
4 The Making of a President
5 The Duopoly
6 The General Takes the Reins
7 The Road to Peace in the South
8 The War in the West: Darfur
9 ICC and Sudan
10 The Fall of the Republic
11 Aftermath
Conclusion – Omar Al-Bashir’s Legacy
Appendix – A Short Guide to the Internal Forces Fighting in Sudan’s Civil Wars
Endnotes
Select Bibliography
About the Author
Professor Paul Moorcraft, an internationally respected expert on crisis
communications, especially relating to military and security issues, has worked
for Time magazine, the BBC and most of the Western TV networks as a
freelance producer/war correspondent as well as lecturing full-time
(consecutively) at ten major universities in journalism, politics and international
relations. He has worked in thirty war zones in Africa, the Middle East, Asia and
the Balkans, often with irregular forces. Most recently he has been operating in
Afghanistan, Iraq, Palestine/Israel, Nepal, Sudan, Zimbabwe, Syria, Turkey and
Sri Lanka.
Dr Moorcraft is a former senior instructor at the Royal Military Academy,
Sandhurst, and the UK Joint Services Command and Staff College. He also
worked in Corporate Communications in the Ministry of Defence in Whitehall.
The Ministry of Defence recalled him for six months during the Iraq War in
2003.
The author of a wide range of books on military history, politics and crime,
Dr Moorcraft is a regular broadcaster (BBC TV and radio, as well as Sky, A1
Jazeera, etc.) and op-ed writer for major international newspapers (the Guardian,
New Statesman, Washington Times, Canberra Times, Business Day, Western
Mail etc.). One of his recent books is Axis of Evil: The War on Terror (Pen and
Sword, 2005). An updated version, The New Wars of the West, was published by
Casemate in the US in 2006. His Shooting the Messenger: The Politics of War
Reporting (Potomac, Washington, 2008) was co-authored with Professor Phil
Taylor. An updated version was released in 2011 (Biteback, London). The
Rhodesian War: A Military History (with Dr Peter McLaughlin) was first
published by Pen and Sword books in 2008. Mugabe’s War Machine (Pen and
Sword) came out in 2011. The Total Destruction of the Tamil Tigers: A Rare
Victory of Sri Lanka s Long War was released in various editions by Pen and
Sword in 2013-14. Three volumes of memoirs have been published, the most
recent being Inside the Danger Zones: Travels to Arresting Places (Biteback,
London, 2010). Dr Moorcraft is an award-winning novelist as well as an author
of educational publications related to his charity work (It Just Doesn’t Add Up:
Explaining Dyscalculia and Overcoming Number Problems for Children and
Adults, Filament, Croydon, 2014).
Professor Moorcraft has visited Sudan, including all the war zones, especially
Darfur, on more than twenty (often extended) occasions since 1996. He has
interviewed many of the key players on all sides of the various conflicts while
producing a series of documentaries for UK and US TV networks. He was head
of mission, for fifty international observers, during the 2010 election. Professor
Moorcraft was also given unrivalled access to President al-Bashir. His latest visit
to Sudan, and interviews with al-Bashir, was in January 2014.
Paul Moorcraft is the director of the Centre for Foreign Policy Analysis,
London, and visiting professor at Cardiff University’s School of Journalism,
Media and Cultural Studies, Europe’s leading journalism centre.
Abbreviations
African Union Mission in Sudan
AMIS
African Union
AU
Central African Republic
CAR
Central Intelligence Agency
CIA
China National Petroleum Corporation
CNPC
counter-insurgency
COIN
Comprehensive Peace Agreement
CPA
Christian Solidarity International
CSI
Darfur Peace Agreement
DPA
Democratic Unionist Party
DUP
Eritrean People’s Liberation Front
EPLF
Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front
EPRDF
European Union
EU
Foreign and Commonwealth Office (British)
FCO
Government of National Unity
GNU
GoSS Government of South Sudan
International Criminal Court
ICC
internally displaced person
IDP
Intergovernmental Authority on Development
IGAD
International Monetary Fund
International Monetary Fund
IMF
Inter-Services Intelligence (Pakistan)
ISI
Justice and Equality Movement
JEM
Lord’s Resistance Army
LRA
Médecins Sans Frontières
MSF
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
NATO
Nuclear, Biological and Chemical
NBC
non-commissioned officer
NCO
National Congress Party
NCP
National Democratic Alliance
NDA
non-governmental organization
NGO