Olfactory responses of green lacewings, Chrysoperla sp.（carnea group）and Mallada desjardinsi on mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis（Homoptera: Pseudococcidae） fed on cotton

2010·2.9 MB·

by  Gautam, Sudhida

mE tg Siar, Mae 2.6, S85 HBTS

Olfactory responses of green lacewings, Chrysoperla sp.

(carnea group) and Mallada desjardins! on mealybug,

Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tomoptera; Psendococcidae }
fed on cotton

Sudhida GALTSM! , Ashok Kum

SINGH! Ram Dass CAUTABT

(2. ty Beare Labor, Deprtene og Uae ot Ue, Bo Das,
2, Bulag Cain len Diino Renal Llu Agel Hees ie, op SMEPIDUI Ln

Abstract; Untaliat bestow 0° thy yuies boc pala, Chereaate

Heed

evan gray) sal

sno Suen) | Seunque ss Ch engicney rents the basing eevee hin

reapooece towards tae plan cds seleseed st various phaecs. "Yao ccepense of mated adelts and mci

{Phncnmen ete

islet atom we ste nds te scp inbsen ins Rel

sevcaled tht 2th role and feule perocire tbe xc Jef voles naratng fou ia ctton pla. All

She bags le ae Le reps lr the ernie of hs yates

finan of he smite ecbnavhons im far wor eoton Tae ma

beyapil alla The efianes a the pedals an Bo inercael i te Kells by 1
Misi ing nea li ca he iy the

Ie inated avenge of te pa

vents. Hig
ctor pane of the
tong the pout a

antral stable of. ae plant and doverng of te post

ey murda:
coms pon Te ela

Chopments evans Mella

1 INTRODUCTION

The imcaltng. Phones slows
‘ eaopteen; Pscindscouckdae is an jupestn post
sf 2 Tater uber of each erope « Gomtamn et al,
20473. Mealshue om be seeu aronghout the 323r
because of the Inge rouge of bow planta, Adult
fomeles on nymphs aro acen olen entanges
Arup ten atone the pla a le
coritingy coe to preenee of wary coating. theit
Teh. Tm nealy even fers Me ymin oh
inareticlal spies nihirye trie Te lectin

‘hile erasing teal! formvinentwnt
drgiltion. The pant ates hag avant of
loneyder, which cnr the gov a lin Tg
ing sts roll seth Tithe allsythe
rally he ere lel, 162 ge

iinet pent attack ire stages of exan, igh
Thu thy Gis of yominntion Gl Ihe Real picking ul
ctor ball CSwwulmssamthy orl Calor, 1988)
Tho devlino sa the pet sts uf bulleunae deo to
fmmaduution of Tr cota. the sip Redes,
fnssids, pile uniide oad mouly bags ane exnying

iain, Pho

sete wlcies irae ites

os me sin go {Yell 20083
swbrunteyrons aud weederdlp opmunchs fr
conto the uwalpbups ane by rucara af
imgivenlatin ss well a roavalon binky
oni.

The acen lnoomnge. Cheon
rup) and Malinda deine, wel
pete of ely lg it te Cilla ele
Asitnnod “a Tia uaice USSR, Nort
Aerie, South Auonca, Tanzania, Suen. Capt,
Keng a ee bre erring the
pprsslngy sage alc a al on ail

‘Thin, mee

full bali ingots ike apie, wield, soli,
fooeids, thipe and alan mates (Tigray and
Marply EMBL: Hg id Mile, T9RTS. Mebee
a 2001, Gruen oa, 2}, SAAT lege
fe fice Heung ancl feed om uacrdere oud pollew
fein altagh fr are pear (Coppel and
1977). The iment

ies inde vee ice gene dian
snd h:st sungo, loud bobitate. romtance/tlecue:

‘iti.

Merling, Taine af

Fmt psig, nad ari
soraian Lal eaing eueaiy anal asp erg i

the lnbortory (Tales oud Fo, 1986). Borsorer,
involve soleaue of cbeyopid procure bes bor
fwd t bring iomediato aad dixoot rotction ic
ae peak pope (Ilan sl Joes, THY,
Wang aul Niland, 194;

200m,

Cert choaesle astccated with ene of
tastes wea (Udi) act ar ainamone fa
freon Lr tt yi poe Bring avi
Doh (Noelia oa, 1997}, Kirt and ind “se
larvae of ©. ovenaa are able w distingwabeteer.
fhe edours of the sony an ey apcien an
ral igiclls Un les hsonaies ee yoy

Ioowe (Hawise Apr be
solo, Mae pasleae {Solace} anel Fvanyeue

Singhs snl Kuve

Agntaspton

swtrieae (Hoch) (Sengonca vt. 19953. Balla et
fab (19901 allies the It saa erin
find prin fhe nf Ease. Sala

fonsnentsis (Oksmuto} and 38 aztur { Baske’ to
ston, srofler and pigeon pa im th, Taortory
Win tel slates faliled Hest abe a
est hall sigaiiontly higher prolernre tar
foulower, whereas flee fer baa cotton at
ssulreer while sigron pes waa the seat prefumed
Balen i$ dein slid nol une pee
enero nt te pe

refoed otur, Moos und feuulee af M. assur die
dt shows epee pedncace for ang of the et

nds, The wiyeitoral pbs filha ssi
Irn hy Hse spins € nar Is Ite mnie
leave in eontaing simon buck ath
sabbygs ( Reddoy ont Cue. 2000) bg
Tetegr cal Pat Wns Popra (IPUL). Pla
samen vale rope.
referral 6 oe tho hretaelued odour couble wony
ponise of uatral noice ty eat die prey ox Teer
Taitts ; Dicke sal Sealin, TOR: Disks of w,
198 Paul ual Yabo, SHOE; Pl, 20, Vengo
2008). Lou clan bedrestbous me comuasaly
exeounteed iy beth plant and animal kizaom. Te
Feller ae ave He etn en iets
sat pad waves (Baker, YORDs ele, 1386 3

Thoy play print los in cao topbne Level
interactions (Demavs end Chapmaa, 1994). They
Trae De mgt te pag ot ne paral

Knute ot rice

Ibicwe {Rubles 19963 al erate

Nast, 1987?

temtoal mers {Taepett axel Detter, 1998).
I ha, estan ance an anen of arly 7.39

willi Weebicrsg ih ie the higheslcamumer ul
pesticide, ed segue ¢ Pail
fan Caander, 2008 3. The moet atectve stage of
‘he Hane ie iportrt fr effeFntialetoal contol

Tall ye

thot the eer gots Blea tne Zor soomucat
mth oxep. Trinaphiciecracions play a ite els
in eerie use tne pin rua the

Thareire, the present luk sue nlelaen ta

‘ivaligale te ie ol) ctewial em fn the
ignition of The pallor ated pag towed the
cotum plant Sua 72) at vanious stugee ua

ovary vations,

2 MATERIAL

AND METHODS

2.1 Mase colluring uf the prediior, Chresoperla
Si (erase grams) snd Malla Asjandnst
The chmopids were collet fun tee cotton
falds of the Dielg-al Centtol Laboratory. Tiesioa
of tavomologe, TABI, New Delhi. “Thay wore
rial je the Inbal, 7 using sala
prevaline wt by Coasan {199th}
one identtied on the cbaviair of the
followed hy oompariten vith the lnaostery moo,
Lavee of Chesoprrla ep (umes group) wets
reer in aerlir pti can Icing sage elle
(28 om x28 on gh 35 2 OSS. AS HH, al
pal of (Le: 12D (Gane, 19RL) ln
Fertile cago tho predate placed
aleng with fuze one. eb Corzyra_cephalanica
(Staton } ak pice. The prey ailbility war
rst a llr ss ad salen Iel

Ties pron
lane

1 shop
el cc sng

fae reieenma Hil Inge eae tcsin fat,
The emer ls were valle cay wa i
Ye ening cage (25 cam 25 cunt, sale wth
Ai {poten waters ney’ reat ia the ato of
THEE Ty ashame utd LOSE Taney sao fo
jhe, The dal (8 — 10 seul) ante for
Thema noe seve Balhonng ean phabgil

, MOD: Can ef al,

sdinictne ( Reskle ot
2008),
2.2 Mane eeu of the pray
Move coltumys of so pror msvete a dou! i
oases to have a cortioanus supply of the inserts for
volun aioe expends al a preci fu
Fie FBomongeebe ape mse np aes ML
featinst Frese, Resing ol rmaltng im sori
foot i gle jy CAS ean © 10 em} at 25-22%,
6866 2% TIT fllowing the med developed bar
auton: | 2008}. acc muslin cloth was uscd ta
ower the Ti Te jam. Spud ptt its wore

fom Ine smalsngy les The ja
‘oak Uni the munlybug develope yl
to center the centunanaton. Preah purmtoce were
proeked to the mse generation madera for ther
alnent anal healthy culonivaine ase be ge
a CSET ob

save population,
2.3 Caleemdon of the host plant

Seeds oF Gracin Rive wallet tm
Division of Genetics, sore grown on the vezoatch
Fann a tle Divisio of

aldgy—Ilin

Agsvutral Reso Inatiote, ew Delhi in the
Mar Nov. scoton, Plast sposiee weed to the
sperm ice clin he lil gu} 6
Airs ale tnd ty ae Som World" spevivn
gine in Menioa. Tac exten soe of tho mest
ene variety. Sheu PE among Ulmyana faners
tres use he Fe rae se a he ag
Infistaton, Tho mutes also noice the cactus
suerte te the needing infeaati

Taine pronase aloe ing ths uv
eto 4s spor ia a amen of bunt 0,25 wees
ug the standard apsonencea pease, The se
soe print aint plas an nerf 1

vied
le

Frost th slice Iniage ot wrans nage a ite
arom stoth. The feb loaf eamplne at rogetmtive
sty Fhoesing puso, fn moe al Dane
‘eer called lar sion. The a8 pln Kase
were utilized for the sstumonal extt, The
tral age Mir ond lle fen te a
hai the sh tt pred ul lie the
Tseruzonal eamaote 10 know ths anturated,
Tics peso
24 Response of
‘ott Teves

The Iearce wert obtained fiom the plate,
ona in the divisional

smealybug towurds the

[ticle ‘The rxpertnerts wen rot in rare
2 G20, 6254 KU with a dO WF
Muammar Lp es sue oA“ yn
repedy senile beline coeeying atthe

spevineste oo that a vole ineferes wath the
Teapenee of the mang eta A plaas tunnel of
see Mm 2 rm way eal lying te
vamttional reponse. Tho stick ye placod
cme snd of ths tbe andthe thor alae Het Wank
he saan eee Hare I we ence mene
roonded wntiawausly for 30° moa, The sooalongs
reaching the suds of the te rate ssl atthe
send of te lero pein "Tae anid se aes
tor ool cretion 2 8 moro ong pine
‘non. The observations wote cores to tise,
sav ice eit 10 iid
Mull 2012
2.4 Orlentation of marad adulte of Chnysopeta
sp. (earner yroup) and At devirdins to ditoreat
plat stages

‘with a sine to dating

Siu

ho tesponee of

proteter eunke vorious stagow of tho mualybng.
cach stogo woaccated separately in a Ytubo af he 30
fm 20 em x 20 mses Fred eave see
tala fro ne yds sual vane el
seo cto ga aileron suing te
caves, The Jeawe thus wows esazpell it to oles:
The gern Tew! wlll, Nine pie ee
rsjevnstal was rapa in met van
sates the wots erating tthe wat pte,
The inetd lance fir cach eapevanemt sete
crite the malig, honeglne and anc ould
Fayed sna lary ner ea val thy payin,
The glow tubes were thor wusbe sul thea
late to 200° aftr each expen 26 wake thers
he
feito of the Y tues so stemming
tamenane for tho aoe de to poston
sar or light ‘The indivdval adelt waa asleasd atthe

Foonar val of Hebe nal The ile yas

hoe ane oft aes, Adklyhih tase ei
te ane of F-tube vane camsiderod to mu a eee
se lass tubve ite Gvavughly wagbed ated thea
Freel To 200° aller ach esperisent ov ake ery
Tree Tram stg edaninalion or song sili The
posto of tho Yetnhe vas contin elanged 2
componeats fr the acblo fects ds t9 postion,
sv Hah Mi vee sey called al the
igntatianl prfene te he colton plan ged
the oalbag (SPSS 15 puckage). A Chere:
foontnean of fit otan appli) for the in'idual
Chi mie bed oneal we

eyes
tol n romp the rey the lea and se
ses of tho two predates that aude a chaice dor u
pottiedan odour on —0, 053,

2.6 Gs chrommitageaphy

Abstraction of aghorrone
Fst phat bones we hes

Tiny pram of cach
phase. Noweering phase orl infested sha The
feuree were umctsed oxeriaht am MO) al ol
ised beane in scparsto sonical aka. Ths

‘ered trongle Wrst S|
Fier apes Anhyalnny seian eighte 61 10g
eaves es elded to the tena for deadraton far
2 and passed rouse alin el (= 1M)

hens ou the

Tee hese ested Int
‘aves elie thon gh he

@

mn ten iil

Ths eft over residue ves ollectod by

rinsing the esmtaner ith Tihs uate of 1PL.C
arabe hexane (Mlk jal ies i aed vie
ve keg Foe ill Fate aie fae FAC, CG
ways.

26.2 bsmaetion of kairanone, thing gam af
tho eval bug insting the cuton plas were tk
and Kept in dep ftcczer fox immonbilizeton. The
inmaliioa wey May sa Uason al iri is
$300 ral HPLC grade alee {Me ATE). "hie
Simple ws shaken inv nematic uml
Sade bath (Hager 220 SUR) 26°C Tor 2 ae
Inter at SO for 20 main et 100 apm. Rost of the
ivevdare was same ae in the mae ose
he pure Inaaieealnarts of ie pl sors
cand analysing Beale sah ors sonccnital ae
Inyowted into the Cat Chumatosraph { Vavian 3900
XL Ete with Ms laniatn Detter {11 i
SNC one allen Pf LZ a 1D), Cue
BA LAEMS CCP SHAR) Pasay Cli maak tila
Colas aa temperature ray pragma bese
100 260°C, for $6 mun. Tho injoewr an doteeter
‘empecany wae meitsiaed ot ONE, tog was
sar ane eves ih Moar deo 2
Tijeatin ahine sein 3 yl The bydeasrhr
standards (€,, ~ Cy) ore abtanes fn Sige,
‘Alikiek, TSA” GC. the eymemoac ead Krisanance
stants oan cued ont te detect the pisses of
Ue Tydrscune the
immalagrap vie vse wits he ely ol
intoratve graphics ¢ Yawge Siar Choanalngraphy
‘Workstation, Version 6,03 software, Fee colerlating
‘he cuawiy of unkuewn satnated bsdeooatbon the

uae resus

falling, fons al

unmnlatia a” unkown salad hyo
‘een of waroxs

saturated hydrcuton , Concentration of standard

stoned Ayckocanen

‘rea of rand
‘tera Roatan

3. RESULTS

3.1 Orientation of the meslshug towards cotton

The resynner the ewalling abe bt the
tulatiles ol Hasiny viel gas Mee phases
of corn plat unr noturee eundinane real

{tthe ropunso wus hide for due egotee pest
caves ($ 33} followed hy infest pass (4.32) aud
Tommine ph Tnven 5.33 1

perlerewoa (49° a the rally bards ilo
Hii in sepelon pbs Ins (54003 Falls
be instal phase lenoos 33,20) al Fh
pase leaves (27.97) (Tublo1 33, Respomees
ths meals stage tovats the vopatee pai
sam Beal ee i der of sce ink 56.441
hed lean (4.081 > ind este (L809 > le
£3,903, rexpeutnely The weapon of both soe
sat ond thin Snsur, were statically sgtcont
Teo fowl, soa mabe of individual of the fet
iy ol a thi ian a Go lb
Irate Hh nt sis “dle eth 1,
LQ, wad 11D. reese». Resume athe
woealsing stgos toraede the dowetin pause leaves
shee that highest epee wae of Sud tar $4.10)
a conned by 2.88 in Tl nar el oe
(Cade 21. Te esque ls 16 ase snd
aca oo signi ler ra Fal Besa
response ofthe [st star, ed iomur. 3d insur ond
feat oat the blake ev was fet toe 8.40
S00, 2.81 al 1-70, senpastivele (Le 2
Rioyrnae the yasous mmashng sigs Ima te
tiested phage ban shui ht gee Raporse
veoe Sod insur (6.10) fulloved by 3nd unter

‘irene

(5.0), fools 2.80% ad Lat instar (2.05. The
espns of Tak ir —2ul iar, 1, fn = So
reas Zaidan = fee a Bis = ele

one Sigetitatly daca iow eel ther Blew
response ofthe [st istur, ted mur. Sd insur oad
feat oat the blake ev was fet toe $1.
2.98, 2.30 a4d 1.20, mequeticely (Tale 3

3.2" Olluetory responses a dlls fo test plant leaves

Uods vse nul

Tends ol Chryapern
Feneseie grag sora int arms ows he
seeptive ant Nwring laser st the eto lint
Of = 9.08. P< 0,005) und ty ~0.92. P<
005% erected Cempared wath the ele ait
th alts were aot sigaftcanty started tans ths

“ble 1 Oriana a eg Be ello to epee pe ae
2 ion ee core seo sa
4 s

Table? Orientation a epg he cl plata Dering ple een

“Table Ovemadan of meal the ston ears a lato phe

int es arate tale {4° =0.08, S16, BP
NLAOMS) at Cy
rempauice f a0 alts we sigatiewaly gonter for species, the eeu obtuinad wero as. fellows
F390. 60.005) ad U7 — segs pane Issn

6, Conran Ch
2, P-e0.0M15), msprutivels The aqnane test af Stckpennsce fin the oadse of eth

the de Om,
11.52, FS WDE > for muller and females, Foyring phare lnataay gf = 2.08)
rragmvtvely. Tle arqumice sl mae and Teele “ate plane linens 9? aU Mo, Pai 5
Ghrpeprta sp. Cseruea group} wernds. the MS, Patt dd; mala:

aucalbg ill were found to be vniles 0.32, “G9 (Table 4,
#5 0.008) Chg. and 23. "The wanes of 6

0.8
0.15,
Thine
16. P=

(bajo frvales yas onl signa | br eagealive
leanin CQ = 0-32, F< 0,005 1. The reels
lscaved sexe bngbly mymiicunt for males in
conparican to females (yh = 6.4, F< ULOUS

angi es Merny se even Ally

fae edo ae tabi Ht oa ier ha rss
wae suites. Liddy sigaticae (3? 8, P<
0.003). "The aeeults observed for the nals ML —
desckik rcm Basal We Tm Vighy sigan

Saisie fe ies hae Cg? = 18.52,

1-005 3. flicwry spun ots Kea ee RE a
ss distinguished {y= 0.52. P 0,008) when the tires an pam end rev
Movs of thesis pas Ucar ads aivlue mars Sas ito Ptah nh,

Ue meaner sia Ty Ue ale al eee
GP RNR, PSOLIS) ard ther wm sn
sipilieest, Tho roqpousce of ole aud femule 3
‘desire tarda the mvslshng us at ve at
elite lilie ene aaHaal be iis
STD, PLO and Cy? =, Pg
0.0053, rapoetely (Fig, Sand 4}. Whew the
lata eas analvzed for Ch-cquare tot of indepondert
1a Kan Dlr grrr he leg sd le

.

Teaalen mer vegetative Invems
P=0L15; dowering phow lea

0.13: infeed phe leaves, x° —2.28. P 0.13;
fowesg° =I.OL, P=ULMS; and mma
‘Tabie-+ Romans of le ad mate moe at

hence boom xanga Needs
equate coon 908 lye

3.3 Gus chromatography

Gas chroumtomuphy ob the sogctive: pate
Tsarce clearly voreled the preanos oP thn
Talos Taos maging ts Ue = Gays Ato te
ideation Inplacrne C6 102.52
tng’) wae rose atthe bighes) somos
Fall by meine UM, 26 mg l-p 3 The
onder of te Igeewerabous «ete dn the woxetatee
leaf exact used er the quimtity ws heptoaoeene >
pencesine pentscassa Tlevring phase lwves
fndstod the vars of Fone hydcnane nal

Rarwesnte > sari jonas
Fights salurdhad hylan sng tun
sem leon te ast hse laren Anny

the deteed brcbowuahone nosaevane ome fod te

be i th ighoet concentation C82 281.39 maT) )

Flora hy essen, Hw flesh
Fille

ovate rodaraed bya

Hevaewcire > Inplicsine >
ettneeie > Widen > Iealasine > heal
benivrzine > undoes > oeaoneaue > eeowene >
teconmo > means > pentuconine > dedcoue
Serentscu samtated byckorarbons weno revealed from
ths katana exiach of the mralshng tang fom
Cty (Uae 3

4 DISCUSSION

Th melylng P, sfenapels i an gran pest
of us thou 250 ualovaten plants belong 9 at
feast 60 foutlice, Thoro ie a lack of ffixeut
iforaation about th: uatural cout of thie pet
‘livhe kes Us eal ul gov desl Ie rnd
eal is Vil smile i the sour stirs aul
Irenones senile aig Yume eoghs cine
to ind the ste sto mu tse begin to sce
sep. Ther eam oamly be trausperte with water oF
‘ind. Masinnin oiientation and attraction (834%
3.29% 1 uf oe rng candles lowe he
falls lite Fling have (275
OTs) ay wer as gated minimum & 37%
S85 F wt septate plats Ut the bor gue,
tnaeeoun wspnse for the weystutire, Dowsing
fit infeeoel pase wae abown by 2nd dostar {6.80
0.4) Table 1, 3rd instar (4. 10 20,195
Cts 2) snl Zed ilar ois (6. M20.
(aie 3), mayen. May be rene ta
Miowering phe

sruolers and 2a inion agmpe of PL salons
for volozaten. ou the tum of tao plant whe
2d instar had potoutial fr spread ar colorization
fn leat Gligae. Seveaal smliea have bean

tislstakent bs any he aesprnine ot ens

station a ceased hal

Faas the plants, pony al sop mas
Hoseavor, Rov anel Mgkosss £20913 sted thet te
carésiou of vole ehomeals cal ot appear to be
sited te the infested parte of the olant but did
beour ayatemacnally thioughout ke plant. Gur
rolls wei fail Tos our bean all he

ste ofthe italy bug aliawed ating ele
the cegettin, Hewering shave sel infeste! Ieee
if the ont hang the reams fr seh stage
tnonlvbng soe Uirout, Tho atady iv of prize
smpoctance at tlle ws the woe utaetiro saxo of
cotta: Haat, whieh guides the mvalsbe moranls
voll
4 s

Htemporsee of the predator asalts trade the ae ae al. 1QUM}. “The Females af €. anne

farhone sutton seven lamer alana Usd C2 use latins limi an ene able
Savor easy perceived plant willl vlatIe sir] digein “sale Une vhesnival stilt el iy
Ccovmdbrales oe vaclne repeals thal The stirs —evaentrlion, pli samen veel
feng iv Tilly vas an ean onan. ri rer asi

reogi've lus plant Tashi, eresperlive of The woeainge have eet Famer toe
Irreravie oe alnence athe prey maria ith Tye mimic a xsl se
CAwenedsishinus, 1992}. he respons of sgulhetir stamp un mh lft Ais urbe his

seulle biel the tlowee "a tle wren stay (Ugo al, 19765 Kien ol ager, 19765
Tight be de tthe dou ponte boar "+ Heavies Hishagt 19760, 196; Liber sod
Chromed sys ares grat Masai tt Nievnll DR Mees by 1993. TN Zhu
(1908 metal hal te saa sais psiive oof 1909, ZAMS, Than wy ZINIZ5 His 9

Pramas towarch sls the predaor Tal wk 20041. “hehe ponent ly the swine
Ivirenee fin gellve, green ail vel, Plath the Cleared np. (sere gvoue) eile te
Cafe Heaetves iy sang goss Fea vides en plan an otal nd nally see i
CGL¥s) in pons hv hochisure ali’ (Wee overly tl the flings alls) or od
ab, TOO; Tar aga ef aL, 1990}. owe GLEn (1999 raid the Tt wena orien
Tosi the ant I allearting vlural neuer of are soiansitineal Melivins of Cr,
Ue frie a fans nH Fig ao erin and #% tar he rab seahorse
rsraitade sual pero by ling. (vera 1b pie jie the bluesy

Feel Insts or peso Une kat Dicom al The esque Tolle ole aed ole

Subllie, TUSK; Tarlingn etal, 1991, 1995; Chewsapeln xj era ty) wan esi Lar
the inkistod phe Leuroe in the five eheive tom, Tx
the Totube capeviotonta mars anabor of male was
feud i he infested phase of the Tears flows
Ip Tinga pve lave, vrgliiew plese bran
am cvwalsug. The higher response al the wale
tevarle the noted phese leaves onl be
atthe to th: etter chanwow of Pding mate
ie Tomales perce lle atlles rome hing
Baines wed poutors 6 ls cay alee he
hanoo of eurival ane uno je, to Bind the beet
oviposition ate, ‘These preferer ee of the eetton
hat coull

wooly iwilcel i the semaine rej an
the putoatial bust,

‘Aino, Hedy (20021 sbowed that €. carmen
livital is povtise behavioural aguise i ay
lis ene Tne he selailes emit by nggplent

Solarim selongene L. }, okra ( Abeimatctas
sveconeas Le. ani wenpar UCopsirun ana
1 thane tage ie spl ites ¢Phtace
odin Parker} whernse wp response ts aber
{Ex the volatiles emo foun tometo { Lyooperizan
sscefoeuns Mill. 1. Ths conf.zas that C.
Taal in peetigence fr cert buts an
rlinence Fer won

The presence of the surmatce,hydrocarbous
was highost in xe mealybageinfsted Loarea af the
cation. Thawgh gee elinmeduaraphy, it wan
‘conver Une respanse
provatee of higher monde of eameted
Iedivearbons, The wasimun nuubsr was fomnd ia

ve chie In The

Ue mrdyhg inal leaves ot Ue eller pl
Ceigh een hydosehans) fllovest oy the aay
dug boy seis herame extrot | seveatoes,
Dsdivcarboma) an] che number of the sateated
Tiles ia the Muse asd

leaves esrasl wen our ial thee hytlnesabey
respectively. Aung the rusious stagor usod He
russiomm respensc was. <btsined ftom iufested
Tesvrs filloved by #. subocipe, Aring Tessen
snl cegelative encom. Gost shinny
revealed sae prowneo af ure, feut, eighteen amd
feveuteen sattsated hrdinsarhous iu vegeta

inte ned nals

Murvines elit
enyastvely.

Th wan berry thal Taian at howe
phase atsocted both crue and 2uc! instar
namphe of P. solrtopsis for colonization on the
leviisabs uf the bial gH Sol dnaar ual
tential eo spranl ane eels ae cont be
Eliage, Rapusae et a. 1997 ) atuched the

svieration of Chrethinae Heide

Rewestocands voli of vertam res generypos
Toxeses. the prdator distinaniched hotrecn
pey-inented aa wien aie wd prebre
plants will eggs cer yu with newyha The
fede id nt listings at ifort stages
laut agowth { vegetative. boating or flexes
Plants srtelly inured to atinvlats, bs lant
hye aspstion wont gre lay
Uns predate oF plants ow which Cas plant buppce
had ovipostsd, Taose rceute suppott our fidings
that the pedétor responded bat nat sith significant
Aiference lacs he dillon phages allo.
Tr poiter sale gee Gre Unig in aire sd
feed co honeydew. therefore, they stow beter
rempoos 1 infested phase aad lowe,
He sditnan «of. 20006) seal he ier
Df ition geenispes an the sigan presence
‘wl predation of C. caren and found nogatire
relationship between the trehenne Senay and the
predidioy vl 6 Aalults tealing on
Freystion alll gens role aia
thoi betir sponse for the unfosted phse lource
and ths flowce stagce than the vogstative paane

Tanves le Noweving pe lees. ‘The ll
edt te Lara las haw the abi
to leeato tho host-plunt aa the prey species fr the
bettanment of the future penesatona, Velates
From he eu plants re permal yaa calle

Falonging tv galery hing a fea gro
caf volts (CL¥s),

Green Ieat volatiles costain wp to 100

ve (Melo ob, WURT)

Ta Tength af yl-seachans hes lly ovine
fom 23 to 27 euthen atome ( Blomgulet stud
Dillwith, 1965) . The chain lout af the
Fhedinnaibon in promod steals ranged “nen
CHE CSN, Miwa gale ae the vel ative
weompumnd te slieit a high responte mt the ogg
pamssitod Trchogramma eeaeseences {Joacs et
ah WR m4?
Comarnsine) onl e31€ entlar ne ane
vnoet abuudeut in apple loarce (Tella sud

Aion sla

Halooraloins ith

Stooseer, 1992). Osome are vary important in
The ohsviural iebtions, ball llr xed
Aeterna an alive fs ches rik
(Renwick, FORO}. Praerenl deo arlane 22

tetmacouine. pentacosane snd dotrcamtare at
199.77 mp7. and n-nenseasane at 499.43 mp/|
fig ove une ar eahansg the andy le
rede i the wal eye el yh
Eeloase program (Siugh and Pan, 2002) wbich
hurl Doser in ths inerted Tea, he ain
4 s

fete with respect to plat wor that 3 thongkt te
Gedevnine the faneging sures uf pedir oe
Dpanwinide is thoie abiity to locate the pleut
sutace. Hylewcarains wt C27 (a ante?
‘and nC31 { aoutrue:mtane} wexe report we the
tnt hunt plas & Hellmann nl Slorsonry
1982)

veaich fas been futher coufiraod by out
These sem are

the texture ofthe cpiootienlar leaf eurfae
T9R2}. The aon sed caries of alban 4

apple raven change depending. om the tae,
tleselaevstl age oF the leaves, ama 9 apple

(Bair,

saat Celine ated Slsert, 1992. al
shoved
depen yu tity ad bers He sare

Dhsdsvearbona in the cotion plant at diffcont

iuilay ronlte eee oatmed hie

sare. Cheyanpastcbrats shun nn rel
prodaticn in the cottcu cultivars aaring
ccarnphellas Arnau at af 1992 1

Passeption of the edi depends oa te: anna

veeplars. hich ere campagne aperiic ae hue
Ty Zin at, 2000 fs Ce sotace Oy pra oh
ecepto: nowrons specifieully respondius tw
Uricbeene, Repo ening rnd sel toe I

‘one or few eumpoonds within tho Knute range of
‘compinrde ele Ie ter x iy 1998. The
antcanao ate ccuipped with 9 ‘argo amninee of
Iasi srs
somtain yeeegin nemrone that tevpond te pent
Indie amgleng af et, 998}. Renptne
beam fomnd ts rapa to oviposition
‘Aaewing omgounds gn ution fAderenn of Oly
193)

Te is ygrstod that the eieaey uf ue nadetrs
cca ln ental inv be Bick by caning, te
restore ot the snkestall aod the loweng phe of
fol tn vt highs pao,
euntoate of sate! brdwoarboue athe eye
110 “CI lev the yell Heir wits
‘bette undiaatanding ofthe trivophisitorctona
nll

‘ene sean Ince Io

re caelasing allivans tw nit the raed

satomniee, Wied, tees amthatc hedwembone ae

fas ale ithe Bell mls eho oon

Taher ral af Syrcaged Resanns Wen Dil ob
‘Sloe wie Lt Pad AX at AKL, Sen Ek, sed

Buco sel ie pl he Hea, sao

Referanses

ist tae ast enw nln
Loma elle, ee eben fee i Dead in

Temesee) eas een eed

oe hes Z 98D, eka ae vedere

(Cesium). sate con ssh

Fomia’tivend fulges 3ate SF

ab RO, Sie Ry RE. Cherl weet gis mr

etiam cs (Sree Seu ee
twos ome cia ee tng
Sing GE Desk $A Ld wots» wens fa met

sin imac hw ye tebe ce