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Old Testament Theology Volume II (Old Testament Library) PDF

449 Pages·1996·6.45 MB·English
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OLD TESTAMENT THEOLOGY THE OLD TESTAMENT LIBRARY Editorial Advisory Board JAMES L. MAYS CAROL A. NEWSOM DAVID L. PETERSEN Horst Dietrich Preuss OLD TESTAMENT THEOLOGY Volume II Westminster John Knox Press LLLLLi Louisville, Kentucky Translated by Leo G. Perdue from Theologie des Alten Testaments, Band II: Israel's Weg mit JHWH, published 1992 by W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart © 1992 W. Kohlhammer GmbH English translation © 1996 Westminster John Knox Press All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Westminster John Knox Press, 100 Witherspoon Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40202-1396. Book design by Drew Stevens First published 1996 by Westminster John Knox Press Louisville, Kentucky This book is printed on acid-free paper that meets the American National Standards In­ stitute Z39.48 standard. © PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 - 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Preuss, Horst Dietrich, 1927- [Theologie des Alten Testaments. English] Old Testament Theology / Horst Dietrich Preuss. p. cm. — (Old Testament library) Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN 0-664-21844-X (v. 1 : alk. paper) ISBN 0-664-21843-1 (v. 2 : alk. paper) 1. Bible. O.T.-Theology. I. Title. II. Series. BS1192.5.P6913 1995 230-dc20 95-19162 CONTENTS Preface x PART THREE. THE CONSEQUENCES OF AND FURTHER THINKING ABOUT PRIMAL ELECTION: ADDITIONAL OBJECTS OF THE HISTORICAL, ELECTING ACTS OF YHWH 1 Chapter 6. The Narratives about the Ancestors 3 6.1 Historical Background? 3 6.2 The Milieu of the Narratives about the Ancestors 4 6.3 Concerning the Problem of the "God of the Ancestors" 5 6.4 Ancestral Religion and El Religion 7 6.5 YHWH Religion and the Promises to the Ancestors 10 6.6 The "Ancestors" in Later Texts 13 Chapter 7. Kingship and Messianic Hope 19 7.1 Concerning the Book of Judges 19 7.2 The Origin of the Monarchy and Saul 21 7.3 David and Solomon 24 7.4 The Criticism of Kingship 26 7.5 "Royal Ideology" in the Old Testament 29 7.6 The Positive Evaluation of Kingship and the Royal Psalms 31 7.7 The Messianic Hope 34 Chapter 8. The Temple and the City of God (the So-called Zion Tradition) 39 8.1 Jerusalem—Zion—the City of God 39 8.2 Jerusalem in the History of Old Testament Faith 40 vi Contents 8.3 The "Zion Tradition" 48 8.4 Jerusalem in Old Testament Future Expectation 49 Chapter 9. Priests and Levites 52 9.1 Priests and Levites as "Chosen" 52 9.2 Concerning the History and Functions of the Old Testament Priesthood 52 9.3 Concerning the History and Functions of the Levites 58 9.4 Literary Forms from the Sphere of Priestly Ceremony 62 9.5 Concerning the Theological Significance of Priestly Ritual 65 Chapter 10. The Prophets 67 10.1 The Election of Israel and the Message of the Prophets 67 10.2 "Prophecy" in Israel's Religious Environment 69 10.3 Old Testament Prophecy before Amos 70 10.4 The "Word of YHWH" in the Prophets 73 10.5 The Different Kinds of Texts in Prophetic Preaching 76 10.6 Judgment and Salvation 81 10.7 "True" and "False" Prophets 82 10.8 Concerning the Message of the Individual Writing Prophets 87 PART FOUR. THE RESULTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF ELECTION EXPERIENCED IN HISTORY 97 Chapter 11. The Israelite and His Relationship to God (Anthropology) 99 11.1 Human Being as Creature (Biological and Biographical) 99 a. From Birth to the Family 99 b. Marriage 103 c. Work 105 d. Aging and Dying 105 e. Woman 107 11.2 Anthropological Terms 109 11.3 Genesis l:26ff.: Humanity as the Partner of God 114 11.4 Humanity according to the Witness of Different Groups of Texts 117 a. Priestly (Basic) Source 117 b. The Yahwist 119 Contents vii c. The Law and the Prophets 121 d. The Book of Psalms 123 e. The Book of Proverbs 126 f. The Book of Job . 129 g. Qoheleth 131 h. Basic Structures Held in Common 134 11.5 The Language of Humans 135 11.6 Pain and Fortune 141 11.7 Life, Death, Resurrection 147 a. The Value of Life 147 b. Death 147 c. Translation 150 d. Resurrection 151 11.8 Humanity before God 153 a. Hearing—Serving—Loving—Following 153 b. FearofYHWH/FearofGod 155 c. Faith 160 d. Trust 165 e. Righteousness 167 f. Knowledge of God 170 11.9 Sin and Guilt 170 a. Narrative Texts 171 b. Terms 174 11.10 Atonement and Guilt 177 a. sto] = nasa! 178 b. vbo = salah; nss = kapar; ms = padd; bun = gd'al 179 Chapter 12. The Life of the Elect (Foundational Questions for Ethics and Ethos) 185 12.1 Election and Obligation 185 12.2 Ethos and Morality 188 12.3 An Ethos Shaped by YHWH 188 12.4 An Ethos Related to Community 193 12.5 Strength for Moral Activity 197 12.6 Some of the Contents of the Ethos 198 12.7 The Place for Animals 200 12.8 The Ethics of Wisdom Literature 203 12.9 The Limits of Old Testament Ethics 207 viii Contents Chapter 13. The Worship of Israel (Cult) 209 13.1 Concerning the Evaluation of the Old Testament Cult 209 13.2 Cult—History—Revelation 211 13.3 Concerning the History of Old Testament Worship 214 13.4 The Festival Calendar and the Festivals 224 13.5 Sabbath and Circumcision 235 13.6 Sacrifice 238 13.7 Prayer 245 13.8 The Cult in the Wisdom Literature 250 13.9 The Theological Location of the Old Testament Cult 251 Chapter 14. The Future of the People of God (Expectations concerning the Future, Eschatology, Apocalyptic) 253 14.1 Concerning the Conceptions of Future 253 14.2 The Question concerning the Fundamental Root of Old Testament Eschatology 256 14.3 Yahwistic Faith and Future Expectation 257 14.4 Statements of Hope 259 14.5 Concerning the Development of Old Testament Expectations of the Future 262 14.6 Rejection by YHWH? 265 14.7 Judgment 267 14.8 Remnant 271 14.9 The Day of YHWH 272 14.10 The Expectation of Salvation and the Promise of Salvation 274 14.11 The Origins of Old Testament Apocalyptic 277 14.12 Old Testament Apocalyptic (the Book of Daniel) 279 Chapter 15. The Chosen People of God and the Nations 284 15.1 A Comprehensive Overview of Election 284 15.2 A Historical Look at "Israel and the Nations" 285 15.3 The Foreigner and the Stranger 295 15.4 The Destruction of the Nations (Judgment) 298 15.5 The Nations as the Spectators of YHWH's Salvific Activity 300 15.6 Salvation Also for the Nations —"Mission"? 301 Contents ix 15.7 The Servant of God 303 15.8 The Openness of the Old Testament 305 Abbreviations 309 Notes 311 English Translations of Selected German and French Books 407 Index of Hebrew Words 410 Volume I 410 Volume II 412 Select Index of Biblical Citations 416 Index of Subjects 431

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