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1%. 4,296. E. W. ELLSWORTH. WATERRAM. Patented Dec 6, 1845. .10 15 3O 35 5O U ITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. ERASTUS W. ELLSWORT~ OF SOUTH WINDSO~ CONNECTICUT. Specification of ~etters Patent No. 4,296, dated December 6, 1845. To all whom # May concern: Be it known that I, E~As~s Wo~co~r ELLSWORT~-~, Of South Windsar, in the county of Hartford and State of Conne~icu% have invented an Improved Mode of E~vating Water; and I do.hereby declare that the following is a full and exact d~c~pt~m My invention con~s in a peculiar manner o2 worldng the wate~ram of Mon~ g~fie~ in combination with the ~phon~ by the use o~ a chamber of rarefied air ;. ~so in tures herdn described, for set~ng in motion make and use my invention I .will proceed to describe its construction and operation. of tMs plate is secured by a flang~ bolts, and packin~ the h~w dome B. In this dome is an ~tight partition C, which comes down to the plate A~ where it bears upon packin~ 5ke the flange of the dome. This par~tion p~sses between the holes F~ ~nd G. To the under surface o~ ~ is secured ia the same manner as the dome~ the cup I which communicates ~redy with ~pertures F~ and G. This cup ~orms the head o~ the ram and the ~pertures F~ and G~ the se~ts o~ the F, valves thedownwardeScapeinto the °r wa~ecu p i,valvean d g~~ ing or Hfting vMve~ opening at G~ upward into the smM~r cavity of the dome which acts as the M~v~sel of the ram. The~ vMves h~ve stems rising from thMr centers wMch pass through the tubular guides O~ Q. g~fie~ the several parts o~ wh~h are as ~o1- lows: K~ the trunk o~ the r~m~ I~ the head~ the ~er ~ o~ ~ ~phon o~ wh~h K, is the sho~e~ as b~o~ said. 55 ~ is a ~ton or ~ug fitted ~os~y to ~e bore of ~e p~e K, and a~ached to ~e re- curved rod ~, p~ng ~r~ ~ops on ~e ~pe K~ by which it can be drawn up ~ short ~an~ ~t~ or thrust down entir~y out 6o of K. D~ is a ~rew~½g faced with a collar o~ p~n~ .~ugh which water may be poured into ~he larger ca~ o~ ~e dom~ and consequently into both ~gs o~ the 65 s~ho~ are ~ed~ and ~e lar~r catty of the dome h~f, or tw~ filled wi~ w~er, 7o ~u~ D. D, is then replaced. As soon aSo~ ~D, iSdomer~d~H ~the ~~~ of the ~mn of water in J, more or ~ss, ~ ~ortion to the pe~en~c~a~r hd~t of 75 the c~umn. L~. M, by means o~ ~ be thrust down out of K; this will open ~e valve P, Of it be shut) and ~e ram will co~ence ~er~n~ o~ng to the prepon- derance of ~e c~umn of water in J~ over so that in K. The use of the bo~ ~ rarefi~ air in B (wh~h ~ a ~o~nent and novel ~a~re in my invention) is an~ogous to that o~ ~e compressed ~r in ~e ~vessel ~ The wa- 85 ter in K. has a redproc~g movement which mak~ the current ~rough the valves ~rm~nt. and ~e water e~ers the ~o c~v~ of the dome ~ p~ and not in a constant ~ream. But for the same reasons 90 that it is desirable ~ the water should . pass ~rough t~ ~schar~ng p~e ~ L~ in a steady curre~ it is also desirable that the escap~w~er should flow down ~e loner - ~g of ~e syphon in a steady current 95 much ~er and wi~ far less resNNnee ~om ~tion and Ne~ when flo~ng wi~ a u~form vdoNty ~an when checked and ~00 imp~ed ~rm~en~. Moreover ~ ~ove . ~ed, the water in K, reNproe~es ~ a movement upward is fN~wed by a recoil down- ward; now wi~out the ~os~on of ~e ~amber of rarefied air this movement must 10~ be eommuNe~ed to Ne w~er ~ & from that in I~, or the ram cannot operat~ The column in J, .must advance and recoil just as far and as often as in 1~. But this peculiar movement is of no use in J. nay, is 5 exceedingly injurious, for if J, be many rods, or even feet~ in length, said movement will consume the effec~ve power of the machine so completely as to stop it. It is obvious that an equilibrium never lo can be restored between the chamber of rarefied air and the water in K, inasmuch as the column J, acts as a steady exhausting powe~ and will always remove the water from the chamber above it at a uniform rate 15 which will be the mean of that at which it entersth e ram.the chamberFinal]y__thefrOm airthe ~:~a~e ~f, differs from that inclosed in C, or~ly as a 20 underSpringPressure, under ~enN°nand bothdiffersbodiesfr°mofa :~ their elas~c~y are made to convert an in- termittent flow of water into a uniform and constant stream. A peculiarity in my method of packing 25 ulatethis machine,undth e action ofthethe fixture bYram ( bothWhiChof Iwl~ 30 make of leather or any other suitable ma- the vacuum chamber of the dome. and the tween this channel and the air vessel is ob- 40 theViOUS;cupWithit isthemadeChannelthrough in ~e ~o~i~ °fas shown at Fig. 1. The bolts of I, pass through the chann~ in the packing and are wound with thread con~ally, and fitted into 4~ conical holes as shown at W, Z, Fig. 2. My regulator (not represented in Fig. 1, as a" section of it would be at ~ight angles with the sectdon of said figure) is showK on an enlarged scale in Fig. 2, the lettering of 50 which corresponds to that o~ Fig. 1. Under the flange of the cup I, is ~ square block of metal through which passes a horizontal axle T, ground into its place like a common stop-coc~. This axle carries, within the cup, 5~ a small crank V, which acts as u cam be- neath the valve P, permitting it to drop to a greater or less distance from its seat, F. Around that part of the axle which is within the block are cut two grooves, one of which 60 receives the water-packing from the channel above, through the hole S, and the other takesth e axlea screWin anyU’ ~u~r~n~aot~.~o~!ChT~l~n~ vantages of ~his regulator are that by turn- 65 ing the axle T, at any time when the ma- chinewhichiSit i:x;~:g~t~ ~’ also the am°Untwhic h it°f~evatesWater 70 ~rdy. In order to supply the air vessel of the 75 ram with ~r, and also to remove from the vacuum chamber any surplus air which may the ram draws a sm~ll por~on of ~ down ~:~ntFo ~ ~:~r_~sge~So~n~r~ ~dt~ ~ next blow. water by wate~powe~ and also to sp~ngs water wh~h ~nishes t~e moving power, is located ~bove ~, where it can never be ~m- mersed in back-wate~ and is conveniently 100 NtuatedI consider r~pairf°r ~t much °r regul~ti°~’super~or ~n effideney to other m~hods hitherto proposed for ~g~ fiquidSas havingfr°mu~quesfionable the curve of andthe 105 Hache~e~ inasmuch as I use the best form of ~he water-ram that invented by Montgo~ tier, in which the escape ~nd li~ting wlves 11o act ~lternately~ and ~re not connected with each other as in Hachet~s machin~a]so in using a chamber o~ rarefied air in the manner herein desc~bed~ ~or allowing the escape-w~ter o~ the ram to pass down the 115 longer leg o2 the siphon ~a a continuous stream, (~hstead o~ p~rmitting it to receive the ascillatin~ movement o~ the ram where- by the loss ~ power ~rom inerti~ ~nd the ~iction o~ the ~ater in the pipe is greatly 12o diminished also i~ havin~ fixtures ~or fil~- ing~ st~rting~ stopping~ and regulating the actio~ o2 the engine~ that can be reached and controlled near the head o~ the ram~ which conveniences are either wanting in Hach- 125 ette’s machine or are situated unhandily ~t the extrem~s o~ the ~phon. What I claim as ~ my in~entioa and de- ,re to secure by Letters-P~tenb consists ~n-- A peculiar m~nner o~ working the w~r- 130 wa~r ~rom the ~vessel o~ the ram, ~or ~e pu~ose o~ exdu~ng com~e~ and quantity of water consumed by the ram. ERASTUS W. ELLSWORTH. in presence o~f J~ss~ C~A~LTO~, EI~STuS ELLSWORT~. UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. HYD~AUL~ BA~. Spe~fica~on of L~ters P~ent ~ ~8~ d~ed D~emb~ 26, 1845; An~da~d ~gu~ 5, 1845. TO a~ ~ho~ it qnay concern: Be it known that I, B~zA~I~ S. B~so~, of Harford county, State of Maryland, have invented a new and useful Machine for ra~- 5 ing Spring-l~ater by the Momentum of a Descending Fluid in Contact Therewith; which is described as follows, reference being had to the annexed drawings of the same, making part of this spe~ficadon. 10 Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section. Fig. 2 is a Mde ~eva~on of the machine. Fig. 3 is alongitudinal section of the reservoir I. My improvement cons~ in the raiMng cf 15 sp~ng water from a lower to a Mgher level by the motive power of river, or branch wate% taken from a lower level than that to which the sp~ng water is to be elevated, Branch or river water has been used as a 20 motive power to elevate sp~ng water by other machinery than the water ram. The opera,on of the water ram heretofore has been to raise a por~on of the same water that operated as a motive power in the ma- 25 chine. Under some circumstances ~ ~ con: ~dered an advantage to throw up more of the water afforded by ~ spring or sponge at command than could be done by using a portion of the spring water as a motive power; so consequently R would be advantageous to use branch or other water that might be at command. Under such drcumstances the water ram ~ used with greater advantage for rating water than any other known ap- e5 paratus, on account of Rs great ~mplicity and economy of motive powen The advantage of u~ng the branch water in combination with the sp~ng water as a motive power for raising a por~on o~ the spring water has 40 not before been had. Description of the machine [y ~vbich th~ effect ~ produced : I ~ a reservoir containing the water or propelling fluid placed above the lev4 of the discharge valve V; J is a 45 pipe leading from the bosom of the reservoir I to the water chamber Q; K is a second or addi~onal pipe leading from the water chamber Q to a second water chamber 0 for containing the fresh water to be 50 raised; L ~ a third pipe leading from the chamber O to the reservoir M containing the water chamber. The chamber O may be 55 made of a semi-globular~ or other convenient~ form. The chamber Q may be made of the same or ofi~er form; V ~ a puppet valve, or waste valv% for letting off the waste water at the proper time; and for shutting off the escape of the water as the water flows 60 from the reservoir I through pipe J when it recdves an impetus as it passes by said valve V and rams or drives the column of sp~ng water in pipe K against a con~nua- tion of the column of water and forces it s5 O fo~ containing air to act on the water as a spr~ng ~n the usuai manner. C is a valve in the bottom of or at the base 70 of the air vessel C for holding the water that is forced into the air vessel R is the discharge pipe for conveying and discharging the fresh wateL B is a valve in the second chamber 0 75 aforesaid over the mouth of the pipe L for preven6ng the return of the spring Water ~ through said pipe L into the reservoir M. Y ~ a small perfora~on in pipe L to ad- mit air. 80 D is a valve attached to the end of a vi- bra~ng lever U that vibrates on a fulcrum E; and F is a bucket perforated in the bo~ tom with a small aperture for the gradual escape of the water and G ~ a pipe for con- 85 du~t~a~:n ~ateTh re pipet so th~ anb dUCkei~.b~ng fil~d with river or other water from reservoir I which presses on the valves V and B and closes them; the valve V is then opened by 9~ the operator which causes the water to flow freely from the reservoirs I and M through the pipes J, K and L in the direc~on of the arrows and through the valve V to the waste conduit. The accelerated velocky of the 95 water in passing through the puppet valve V produdng increased momentum closes ~; and then causes the column of water ~owing from the reservoir I to have a pressure, by its impetus er momentum, cn the cohtmn 100 of fresh water in the pipe K, fordng k to take the direc~on indicated by the arrows ~ and to rise and pass the valve C, into the air chamber F, and then through the di~ charge pipe R. The elasddty of the air in 105 the vessel P causes the water to flow in the pipes J and K in the direction of the arrows S and S: and to close the~valve C which causes a partial vacuum in the chambers 0 and (~ which r4ieves the valves B and V of 110 pressure--the said vacuum and spring over the valve V cau~ng ~ to open. The water then flows from the reservoirs I and IVi in the manner before described; and in this manner the ac~on of the machine ~ con- tinued. 5 The opera,on of the apparatus for preven~ng the branch water m reservoir I run out o3 the bucket F through the small 10 aperture in the bottom of the same which it will do when it ceases to flow through the pipe G by the descent of the water in the reservoir the valve D will then preponderate and close the opening over the mouth 15 of the pipe J and shut off the flow of the water through pipe J and cause the action of the machine to stop. The water con- ~nues to flow into the reservoir I un~l it 20 thenagainflows rises through t° the leVelsaidOfpipetheGpiPeintoG,theit bucket F and fills it as aforesaid cauMng the end of the lever U to which the bucket is a~ tached to preponderate and the lever U to vibrate and the valve D to open and the 25 machine to resume its opera,on as afore~ said. By this arrangement the valve D is always kept surrounded by water which prevents the entrance of the air into pipe machin~J and the consequent entire stoppage of the 30 bMng kept up will need no personM atten- 35 tion as long as the machine remains in orde~ The spring s is placed above tho stem of the valve ~. It is let into a post p at one end; and at the other end it moves over a. screw bolt ~ inserted into another post for preventing it riMng too high the said sp~ng having an oblong opening in it 40 for that purpos~ The sp~ng s however may be arranged in any convenient manner. The action of the sp~ng s is as fM~ws: When the vMoMty of the water in pasMng by said valve raises it t~e stem is forced 45 upward again~ the sp~ng which is partly contracted thereb~ Then when the pres- the pressure of the atmosphere~ aided by 50 said sp~ng will cause the valve to descend and open. What I ~m as my invention and desire to secure by L~rs Paint is 1. ~sing sp~ng water to a higher level 55 than its source by the momentum of a run- ning ~ream of river, or other water in contact therewith~ in a double ram constructed as aforesaid~ or other ram~ constructed and combined sub~an~ally in the manner set 6o duced tlleforth, by whichtw O ~aml:g~~[~e~r~?~ add~ional pipe K in wh~h the sp~ng and river water come in contact as above set forth. 65 2. I also claim the combinat~n and arrangement of the ~ver U~ bucket F, and valve D w~h the reservoir I as described fo~. l~e~w~ ~ claimthe actionth e arrangementOf the machin~of 70 the sp~ng s for insu~ng the opening of the valve V as described. BENJAMIN S. BENSON. W~nesses : W~. P. ELLI0~ AL~ E. I-I. Jo~so~. UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. JOSEPH ~ STROD~ OF EAST BRADFORD TOWNSHI~ CHESTER COUNT~ PENNSYLVANI~ HYDRAULIO ~A~. Spe~fica~on of Letters Patent l~ 5,03~ dated l~arch 2~ 184~ ~ ~l whom it may concern: i vented new and useful Improveme~s in MacMnes for R~ng W~er, called " ~ro~ Pneum~o ~draulic En~nC’ which is desc~bed as f~ows~ reference be- 10 same,~g hadmaMngt° ~epartannexed~ ~ ~~ ~e mentThecon~s nature in °f ~~~~ first named ~am~r is made to ~c~ cgu~ng 25 saidthe spring fluid ~~ (~en~a tube ~aeedRs ~werin end and closed a~ern~y ag its upper end by means of a v~ve) into a lar~ air vessel or reeNver of ~e usuaI ~rm and construe: SO ~~c°nductedby ~p~ ~~~ ma~e~ five view. 35 ~mflar l~rs in ~e sever~ figures refer which connects wi~ the air ~amber just before it rea~ ~e said chamber and then um is produced ~ ~e air an~ wa~r cham- Mrber after ~ mayha~ngbe carried ~led ~eoff ~~~ 55 and has an ope~ng 0 into ~e air ~amber L, through which the water passes when the valve B is dose& B ~ a valve attached to a curved vibrat- When this valve B is down as showa in t~:~atwe~icfrh°~t ~:s~?dwfl~ thr°ughit is up 65 as shown in Fi~ 1, the water rises into the ~y~I~i~:~ dC:~ emsb:~ e L~i~h:~n~he opening H is a pipe for conveying the sp~ng wa~r ~:mhh~eSrP~ waterwhichChambe~th e water I ~ force&the air 70 J is the valve for h~ding i~ K is a pipe or hose for conveying the wa~r to ~s place of des~na~on. The above named parts let: tered from A to K indu~ve are made and 75 °Pr~r~etei~n~r~):mU:~:~ aremannemas follow~ ~ is pyramid~ chamber into which air is ad- mired through the valve B when it descends bythe pressure of the external air to supply a0 the parfi~ vacuum erea~d in the pipe A and &ambers ~ and N. ~his pyramid~ sp~ng or other water introduced into the ~em~vt~ht~ h :~ piP~spr,ngH bwYa~e~iCchh~Pmr~S:~: 90’ forced upward through a tube ~ reaching to near the bottom of said chambe~ ~, ~/a)/~!~i;!~n: ~a~ chamber°pen in Fi~I 95 To r~se wa~r with th~ machine open the ~o~ng valve Btheandvalve let theB ~t~:rWJ~.tc~ht~:~obwY it~em~tj~n~n~n~eip~lm~:~ condens -thr°ugh ~00 ing chamber L and condense the air in. the same as before, the cond~ensed air will force spoken o~ into the air chamber I and condense the air therdn until ~s dens~y is water will cease to flow into the air cham- 110 5,087 ber I the valve J closes and the air in the chamb~s ~ L and ~ commence expandin~ that in the ~ chamb~ L ~ng motion to The said parfi~ vacuum in the machine caused by the ~aefion of the fluid as afore- 10 said and the pressure of the external ~m~- through lhis valve with an acc~era~ng movement until it has acquired that degree ~5 o~ v~o4ty as to cause the valve to ~ose. The water having no ~nger any vent through the valve B passes through the opening O into the pyramid~ air chamber L and repeats the opera,on above men- 2o tioned succes~v~ In this manner the operation will continue as long as the machine remMns in order and there ~ a head o~ wa~r~ to prop~ it. The valve V is for the purpose o~ sup- ~5 plying the chamber I with air by admitting said air into the tube P. The said air is ad- m~ted du~ng ~he ~me that the par~al vacuum above ment~ned ~kes plac~ The air thus introduced into the tube P ascends 30 to the top of the same and is forced into the chamber I at the next stroke o~ the machine--said valve V’ is represen~d open in F~. 2 and may be ~ose~ or regaled by screwing in the thumb screw V. 35 The pNn4p~ advantages this machine possesses over other machin~ are~ lst~ ~ caSep~ng power °f f°r~ngofUPa run~ng ~ream pure water by ~ew~ less pure there is no poss~ility of the im- 45 the valve J opens more s~wly than when preventing the water from escaping back ~0 thethroughvalvethe~ bNng Valve JneaNyafterelosed it is foreedwhen ~ water ceases to flow upward into the chamber L. This advantage upon triaI is found to be ol considerable importance enabling .the machine thus operated to ~orce with a ~V~na~:;~t£~ydO:yWt~:~ several barrelsit would otherwise m°re 55 d~ 3rd~ there bring no valve between the condensed air in the lower chamber and the back said driving water and thereby making a more complete vacuum than in other machines and rendering useless the spring ~or ~:c~n~ :~e °utlet valve B as used in several 65 inclosed by the same envelop ; but they may vided that the capacity of the air chamber does not exceed a due ra~o between the propelling power and the water to be raised. I wish it to be understood that in the con. #5 struction o~ these machines I do not wish to .confine myself to the form o~ a hollow ~rus- trum of a pyramid~ cone~ or other ~orm ~or the several chambers &c. ; but I desire the privfledge to vary these as I may think so be carried off through the valve B: I~ however~ prefer the ~orms above described when pure water is to be raised with impure 85 wateL What I claim as my inven~on and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. Making use o~ a column o~ condensed air between the propelling fluid and the 90 fluid to be raised in the manner above de- scribedby whichOr ~~erSe~::n:~l~:e~?me 2. I claim the particular combina~on o~ ah~ pyramidal air chamber L the internal 95 ~P r~h ~tee ~ ~db~ n~n~h~ i~: t~ tubean d valve B and the air chamber I and hinged valve J constructed and arranged in the manner and for the purpose substan~ally 100 as set forth. JOSEPH C. STRODE. W~nesses : W~. P. E~o% A~T E. I-I. Jo~so~. ~ ~ M. BIRKINBIN~ OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA. VALVE OP WATE~A~ Specification of Letters Patent 1K~ 5,7169 dated August 15, 1848. To a~ wgon~ ~ may concern: Be K known that I, H. P. M. BmK~B~S~ of Philadelphia, in the county of Phfladd- phia and State of Pennsylvania, have in- 5 vented certain new and Useful Improve- ments ~n l~ater-l~ams, and that the following is a full. clea~ and exact descrip~on of the p~ndple or character which alisOn- gushes them from a~ other things before 10 known and of the usual manner of making, modifying~ and using the same, reference bring had to the accompanying drawing, which forms a part of th~ spedfica~on~ and in which a ver~cal section is represeuted. 15 The nature of my. inven~on consists in the ccnstruct[on of the valve, so as to form an air cushion therMn, and fit~ng R to Ks seat with a water cush%n, which is renewed at every stroke or pulsa~on of the ram; and 2O also in’forming a valve in t~e dividing piston, in double acting rams~ as wHl be more clearly set forth in the de~cSp~on of its construc~on. The main pipe~ a. air chamber 5, and ris- 25 ing main c are Mmflar to those now in use; below the air chamber there is a second sma]~r chmnber d. separated from it by a valve e: a valve f a~o opens into ~is chamber and admits the pure water to be raised ; ~0 below said chamber g there is a cylinder g, in which a piston h works up and down ; the bosom of this cylinder ~ open to the main pipe a, at the extreme end of which the valve i is dtuated on the upper Mde, as ~ 35 the ease wRh many wMl known rams now in usa The construc~on of this valve i is novel~ and conMs~ of a cup-formed p~ton~ the cup being inverted for the purpose of forming 4o an air chamber. Through t~e center of th~ valve a se~ screw ~ passes, by which the length of the vibration is regulated ; the out- Mde of the valve is turned wRh a rabbet ~ around Ks upper edge; a similar rabbet is 45 turned in the valve seat ~ so that when the valve comes up to the seat it incloses a portion of water o, which relieves the valve from the shock and wear of a contact of the m~Ms. The valve works up and down between ribs ~ and is thus ~eadied in Ks 50 place; by t~s ~rangement R will be pe~ ceived that the water ~i~ and ~e s~a- turn of air wKhin ~e cup of the valve relieves it of a portion of the shock in do~n~ as it is evident that wRhout ~ air cushion 55 ~e vMve will close ~ Ks own mome~um and that of the c~umn of water ~i~ which in large