Okinawa: the History of an Island People PDF
Preview Okinawa: the History of an Island People
"The first full-length monograph on the history of the Ryukyu Islands in any Western language ... a standard work." - Paci[ic Affairs Revised Edition with .Jn Afterword by ~litsugu S.Jkih.Jr.J OKINAWA@ The History of an Island People OKINAWA~ The History of an Island People Revised Edition George H. Kerr with an afterword by Mitsugu Sakihara TUTTLE Publishing I I Tokyo Rutland, Vermont Singapore INSCRIBED TO THE MEMORY OF HIGA SHUHEI WHO HAS FOLLOWED MAKISHI PECHIN INTO THE PAGES OF OKINAWAN HISTORY TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiii A NoTE oN NAMES, CHRoNOLOGY, WEIGHTs, AND MoNEY xvii INTRODUCTION: OKINAWA, THE UNITED STATES, AND CURRENT HISTORY J PART ONE CHUZAN: INDEPENDENT KINGDOM IN THE EASTERN SEAS I. THE LEGENDARY PAST (TO A.D. 1314) 21 ISLAND PATHWAYS ON ANCIENT SEA FRONTIERS, 21 PREHISTORIC UFE IN THE RYUKYUS, 26 THE "EASTERN SEA ISLANDS" OF CHINESE TRADITION, 29 OKINAWAN ORIGIN MYTHS AND SAFE HAVENS IN THE SEA ISLANDS, 35 CHINESE AND JAPANESE NOTICES BEFORE THE 12TH CENTURY, 39 TALES OF TAMETOMO, AN EXILED JAPANESE, AND OF HIS SON SHUNTEN, 45 TRADmONS OF SHUNTEN AND OTHER EARLY "KINGS" ON OKINAWA, 50 THE SHIMAZU FAMILY IN KYUSHU: "LORDS OP THE TWELVE SOUTHERN ISLANDS," 56 2. A CENTURY OF CoNFLICT (1314-1398) 6o THREI! .RIVAL CIDEPTAINS BID FOR CHINESE RECOGNmON, 60 SATTO OF CHUZAN: OKINAWA AND THE CHINESE TRIBUTE SYSTEM. 62 OKINAWA IN MARITIME TRADE THROUGHOUT PAR EASTERN SEAS, 74 GROWTH AND CHANGE ON OKINAWA, 78 3· THE GREAT DAYS OF CHUZAN (1398-1573) 83 HASHI AND THE "FIRST SHO DYNASTY," 83 THE "SECOND SHO DYNASTY" AND ITS FOUNDER, SHOEN, 101 SHO SHIN'S REIGN: THE "GREAT DAYS OF CHUZAN," 104 vii TABLE OF CONTENTS OKINAWA Al\ID THE OUTER ISLANDS: IIUYAK0, YAEYAMA, AND AMAMI OSHIMA, 116 OKINAWAN TRADE WITH THE INDIES AND SOUTHEAST ASIA, 124 FORMAL RELATIONS WITH CIDNA, 130 RELATIONS WITH JAPAN: TRADE AND POLITICS, 135 THE TURNING POINT, 143 PART TWO ISOLATION: "LONELY ISLANDS IN A DISTANT SEA" 4· CONTINENTAL WAR AND LOSS OF INDEPENDENCE (1573-1609) 151 WAR IN KOREA SPELLS DISASTER IN OKINAWA, 151 SATSUMA INVADES THE RYUKYU ISLANDS, 1609 (KEICHO 14), 156 THE CONDITIONS LAID DOWN FOR A KING's RANSOM, 160 SERVING TWO MASTERS: THE PROBLEMS OF DUAL SUBORDINATION, 166 PROTESTANT TRADERS AND CATHOLIC PRIESTS IN 17TH-cENTURY OKINAWA, 169 WAR AND REBELLION IN CIDNA AND ITS EFFECT IN OKINAWA, 174 SATSUMA AND THE OKINAWAN TRADE WITH CIDNA, 179 5· THE YEARS OF ISOLATION (1609-1797) A NEW ECONOMIC LIFE: At.iRICULTURE TAKES THE PLACE OF FOREIGN TRADE, 183 GOVERNMENT AND PEOPLE UNDER SATSUMA'S WATCHFUL EYE, 185 SHO JD-KEN, PRINCE AND PRIME MINISTER, 191 SAl ON'S STATESMANSHIP: THE STRUGGLE FOR ECONOMIC SURVIVAL, 199 CULTURAL AND INTELLECTUAL LIFE IN THE I 8TH CENTURY, 210 STUDENTS ABROAD AND RIOTS AT SHURI, 225 THE WESTERN BARBARIANS REAPPEAR: A SECOND TURNING POINT, 227 PART THREE BETWEEN TWO WORLDS 6. THE BARRIER ISLANDS (1797-1853) 237 WESTERN RIVALS IN EASTERN WATERS, 237 THE RYUKYUS ON JAPAN'S DEFENSE PERIMETER, 239 viii TABLE OF CONTENTS YEARS OF ECONOMIC DISASTER, 241 SATSUMA EXPLOITS OKINAWA TO EVADE THE SECLUSION EDICTS, 245 CIDNA'S ATTITUDE TOWARD THE WESTERN BARBARIANS, 248 BRITISH VISITORS: CAPTAIN HALL's MOMENTOUS VOYAGE AND NAPOLEON'S INTEREST IN THE RYUKYUS, 249 MISSIONARIES, MERCHANTS, AND NAVAL DIPLOMATS: THE ANGLO-CHINESB WARS, 260 FRENCH PRESSURE AT SHURI AND SATSUMA's REACfiON, 275 THE MISSIONARY BETTELHEIM APPEARS IN OKINAWA, 279 BETTELHEIM CREATES A PROBLEM FOR THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT, 289 7· THE MOUSE AND THE EAGLE: PERRY IN OKINAWA (1853-1854) 297 AMERICAN PRESSURE ON JAPAN: PERRY's PLANS FOR OKINAWA, 297 PERRY's FIRST VISIT, MAY AND JUNE, 1853, 307 THE AMERICAN BASE ON OKINAWA: JULY, I8SJ-JULY, 1854, ]20 THE "LEW CHEW COMPACT" WITH THE UNITED STATES, 330 THE END OF THE BETTELHEIM AFFAIR, 337 8. JAPAN "PROTECTS" THE 0KINAWANS (1855-1878) 342 OKINAWA, SATSUMA, AND THE EUROPEAN POWERS: THE MAKISHI-ONGA AFFAIR, 342 CONFUSION AND HARDSHIP, 1861-72, 350 THE LAST ENTHRONEMENT AT SHURI AND THE MEIJI RESTORATION IN JAPAN, 352 UNOErENDED OKINAWA: A FRONTIER PROBLEM FOR JAPAN, 354 THE FORMOSA INCIDENT: JAPAN'S EXCUSE FOR STRONG ACTION, 356 TOKYO PROCLAIMS PARAMOUNT RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE RYUKYU KINGDOM, 360 SHURI CHALLENGES AND ANGERS THE TOKYO GOVERNMENT, 365 DIRECT INTERVENTION: THE MATSUDA MISSIONS, 1875 AND 1879, 371 PART FOUR OKINAWA-KEN: FRONTIER PROVINCE 9· THE RYUKYU KINGDOM COMES TO AN END (!879-1890) 381 CRISIS AT SHURI: THE KING's ABDICATION, MARCH 27, 1879, ]81 THE RYUKYUS AGAIN BECOME AN INTERNATIONAL ISSUE: GENERAL GRANT'S MEDIATION, 384 ix
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