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OIL SPILL ENGINEERING – ENVIRONMENTAL Wu OIL SPILL IMPACTS IMPACTS Taxonomic and Ontological Approaches Starting with the 2010 Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Horizon oil spill incident, Oil Spill Impacts: Taxonomic and Ontological Approaches chronicles a timeline of events that focus on the impact of oil spills and O provides an understanding of these incidents using a number of approaches. The book includes an Taxonomic and interdisciplinary oil spill taxonomy, an oil spill topic map, and highlights information–organization tools, I such as indexes, taxonomies, and topic maps that can be used to connect information resources with L Ontological Approaches concepts of interest. S The topic map combines the function of ontology with the function of organized information resources, P and contains thousands of concepts and their relationships extracted from approximately 300 I documents stemming from various academic conference presentations, journal articles, news reports, L OIL SPILL INCIDENTS and web pages. L COASTAL AND OFF SHORE ENVIRONMENTS Divided into four chapters, the book begins with a brief introduction of the Gulf of Mexico Deepwater I Horizon oil spill events followed by a breakdown of the taxonomy concepts distributed into categories M OIL, DISPERSANT AND OTHER CHEMICALS EXTENT AND FATE and their subcategories. The book then describes the oil spill topic map separated by concepts, relationships, and references. P OIL AND DISPERSANT IMPACTS ON HUMAN HEALTH AND LIVING RESOURCES A IMPACTED WILDLIFE This interdisciplinary reference provides to its readers: C OIL AND DISPERSANT IMPACTS AND MITIGATION ON SOCIOECONOMIC SYSTEMS • The perspective of multiple disciplines instead of just one discipline T • An indication of the most important topics in the oil spill domain S DISASTER RESEARCH PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS • Developed research in the oil spill and oil drilling areas DISASTER RESPONSES • A broad and detailed view of oil spill issues POLITICAL, ADMINISTRATIVE, AND LEGAL ISSUES The book serves students, teachers, and researchers interested in oil spill issues, oil spill incidents, and addresses their impacts that involve coastal and marine environmental sciences, biological sciences, ORGANIZATIONS AND PERSONS chemistry, disaster management, geology, sociology, and government policy. TIME LOCATIONS K25102 6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487 711 Third Avenue Edited by Yejun Wu New York, NY 10017 an informa business 2 Park Square, Milton Park www.crcpress.com Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN, UK www.crcpress.com OIL SPILL IMPACTS Taxonomic and Ontological Approaches OIL SPILL IMPACTS Taxonomic and Ontological Approaches Edited by Yejun Wu Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2016 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20151209 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-1215-6 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information stor- age or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. 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Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................vii Author .......................................................................................................................ix Contributors ..............................................................................................................xi Introduction ............................................................................................................xiii Chapter 1 Methodology ........................................................................................1 Yejun Wu Chapter 2 Deepwater Horizon Circle of Life and Death ....................................13 Judith Sylvester Chapter 3 Oil Spill Taxonomy ............................................................................29 Yejun Wu, David J. Dunaway, and Amanda Lehman Chapter 4 Oil Spill Topic Map: Concepts, Relationships, and References .......171 Yejun Wu, Amanda Lehman, and David J. Dunaway Appendix: Oil Spill Research Information Resources .....................................265 References .............................................................................................................271 v Acknowledgments The book is a partial result of the research project “An Interdisciplinary Oil Spill Topic Map for Understanding the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill Incident,” supported by the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative Year One Block Grant. We recognize the contributions to this project made by the domain experts who wrote manuscripts on the impact of the Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Horizon oil spill incident for us: Professors Gary King (Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University [LSU], Baton Rouge), Judith Sylvester (Manship School of Mass Communication, LSU), Christopher Weber (Department of Political Science, LSU), and Peter H. Yaukey (Department of Geography, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana). Dr. Matthew R. Lee and Holly Carruth (LSU Office of Research and Economic Development) kindly sent us the slides of the presenters of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Conference held at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, on April 29, 2011. Valuable comments, critiques, and suggestions were also received from other domain experts, including Professors Gary King, Judith Sylvester, Ronald D. DeLaune (Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, LSU), Maud M. Walsh (School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, LSU), and Rachel Dowty Beech (Department of Geography and Anthropology, LSU). We are grateful to Barbara C. DeCuir, chemistry and biology instructor in the University Laboratory School at LSU, who allowed us to do a formative evaluation of the topic map using her chemistry classes (90 students) and organized the evaluation. The comments and feedback received from the high school students were invaluable in developing the topic map. We are also grateful to Dr. Yingfan Gao, visiting scholar in the School of Library and Information Science at LSU and research professor at the Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China, who assisted us in extracting concepts and relationships automatically from the documents we collected. We thank Rachel Gifford, Carrie Moffett, and Steven Buras, who were graduate assistants in the School of Library and Information Science, for their assistance in editing the taxonomy and topic map. We also wish to thank the publisher, designers, and editors for their work in making this book look so fabulous. vii