Oil Pollution and its Environmental Impact in the Arabian Gulf Region

256 Pages·2005·4.78 MB·English

by  M. Al-Azab and W. El-Shorbagy (Eds.)

DEVELOPMENTS IN
3
EARTH & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Oil Pollution and its Environmental
Impact in the Arabian Gulf Region
3
DEVELOPMENTSINEARTH&ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCES
VOLUME 1 GEOSCIENCES, ENVIRONMENT AND MAN
By H. Chamley
VOLUME 2 MEDICAL GEOLOGY
EFFECTSOF GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS ON
HUMANHEALTH
by M.M. Komatina
3
DEVELOPMENTS INEARTH & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Oil Pollution and its Environmental
Impact in the Arabian Gulf Region
M. A -A 1, W. E -S 2
L ZAB L HORBAGY AND
S. A -G 1
L HAIS
1FACULTY OF SCIENCE, 2FACULTY OF ENGINEERING,
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNIVERSITY, AL-AIN,
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Amsterdam – Boston – Heidelberg – London – New York – Oxford
Paris – San Diego – SanFrancisco – Singapore – Sydney – Tokyo
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Coverphoto:“TorreyCanyon”fromthisbook’sIntroductoryChapter“TheInternationalOilPollutionCompensationFunds”by
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ISBN: 978-0-444-52060-9
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Dedication
We dedicate thispublication tolate UAE leader
Sheikh Zayed binSultan Al-Nahyan,
father ofthe nation and architect of the modern United Arab Emirates.
……… We cherish our environment because it is an integral part of our country,our
historyandourheritage.Onlandandinthesea,ourforefatherslivedandsurvivedinthis
environment.Theywereabletodosoonlybecausetheyrecognizedtheneedtoconserve
it,totakefromitonlywhattheyneededtolive,andtopreserveitforsucceedinggenera-
tions. With God’s will, we shall continue to work to protect our environment and our
wildlife,asdidourforefathersbeforeus.Itisaduty:and,ifwefail,ourchildren,rightly,
willreproachusforsquanderinganessentialpartoftheirinheritance,andofourheritage.
(From Sheikh Zayed’s speech on the occasion of the UAE’s first Environment Day
inFebruary1998).
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Contents
List ofContributors ix
Preface xiii
Acknowledgment xvii
ADNOC xix
I Introduction 1
1 Theinternational oil pollution compensation funds 3
RichardBriggs
II Monitoring and characterization oil spills 11
2 Monitoring of coastal environment using satellite images
in the United Arab Emirates 13
Mohammad YousifAlJawdar,Manabu Shiobara
and TakumiOnuma
3 Operational remote sensing for the detectionand monitoring
of oil pollution inthe ArabianGulf: case studies from the
United ArabEmirates 31
SalemEssa, Hussein Harahsheh, Manabu Shiobara
and Takashi Nishidai
4 Remote sensingapplications for coastal and marine resources
management 49
Hussein Harahsheh
5 Atmospheric-ocean predictionsystem for supporting oil
spill monitoring:descriptionand recent developments 63
S. Nickovic, V. Djurdjevic, B. Telenta, S.Music,
B. Rajkovic and A.Micallef
6 Applications ofdenaturinggradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE)
and microsensor techniques inoil biodegradation studies 75
Raeid M.M. Abed andStefan Gro¨tzschel
7 Assessment ofminimumsedimentconcentration for OMA
formationusinga Monte Carlo model 93
Ali Khelifa, Paul S. Hill and Kenneth Lee
III Modeling the fate of pollutants and oil slicks in marine water 105
8 A three-dimensionalsimulationof pollutantstransportinthe
Abu-Qir Bay, East Alexandria, Egypt 107
E. Al-Hogaraty, W. Hamza, J. Koponen,J. Sarkkula
and Alam El-Din
viii Contents
9 Fate modeling ofbenzo(a)pyrene near arefineryoutfallinthe coastal
water of United Arab Emirates 123
Mir Azzam, Walid El-Shorbagy andMohamedA. Karim
10 The role ofoil-sediment aggregationindispersion andbiodegradation
of spilled oil 131
Ali Khelifa,PaulS. Hill andKenneth Lee
11 Modellingseawater–pore water exchangenear seabeds 147
Arzhang Khalili
IV Environmental effects of oil pollution on the ecosystem
components 157
12 Effects of petroleum hydrocarbons onaquatic animals 159
M.A. Quddus Khan, Saif M.Al-Ghais,Bogdan Catalin
and Yaseen H. Khan
13 Assessment ofbiological characteristics on coastal environment
of Dubai duringoil spill (14 April 2001) 187
ShahidMustafa and M.A.H. Deshgooni
V Combating, prevention and treatment of oil pollution 199
14 Oil pollutionin the ROPME sea area – prevention,abatement,
combating 201
Hassan Mohammadi
15 Oxidative degradationofoily wastewater by the application
of UV-catalytic treatmenttechnologies 217
Tahir Imran Qureshi, J.H. Leeand Young-Ju Kim
Index 229
List of Contributors
Raeid M.M. Abed Max-Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1,
D-28359 Bremen,Germany
Mohammad Yousif Al Jawdar Environmental Research and Wildlife Development
Agency, P.O. Box 45553, Abu Dhabi,United Arab Emirates
Saif M. Al-Ghais Biology Department, Faculty of Science, UAE University, P.O. Box
17551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
E. Al-Hogaraty Arab Academy for Science and Technology and Maritime Transport,
P.O. Box 52212, Dubai, United ArabEmirates
Mir Azzam Scientific Research Sector, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box
17555, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
RichardBriggs Al Tamimi &Company, Dubai, United ArabEmirates
Bogdan Catalin Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago,
Chicago,IL 60607, USA
M.A.H. Deshgooni Environment Protection and Safety Section, Dubai Municipality,
Dubai, UAE
V.Djurdjevic FacultyofPhysics,BelgradeUniversity,Belgrade,SerbiaandMontenegro
Alam El-Din Oceanography Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University,
Alexandria, Egypt
Walid El-Shorbagy Civil & Environmental Engineering Department, United Arab
Emirates University,P.O. Box 17555, Al-Ain,United ArabEmirates
SalemEssa GeologyDepartment,FacultyofScience,UAEUniversity,P.O.Box17551,
Al-Ain, UAE
Stefan Gro¨tzschel Max-Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1,
D-28359 Bremen,Germany
W. Hamza Biology Department, Faculty of Science, United Arab Emirates University,
P.O. Box 17551, Al-Ain, UnitedArabEmirates
HusseinHarahsheh Global Scan Technologies,P.O.Box 1286, Dubai, UAE