Ohio’s First Peoples PDF
Preview Ohio’s First Peoples
OHIO’S FIRST PEOPLES OHIO BICENTENNIAL SERIES Editor: Clarence E. Wunderlin, Jr. H. Roger Grant, Ohio on the Move: Transportation in the Buckeye State Phillip R. Shriver and Clarence E. Wunderlin, Jr., eds., The Documentary Heritage of Ohio Stephane Elise Booth, Buckeye Women: The History of Ohio’s Daughters Catherine M. Rokicky, Creating a Perfect World: Religious and Secular Utopias in Nineteenth-Century Ohio James H. O’Donnell III, Ohio’s First Peoples OHIO’S FIRST PEOPLES James H. O’Donnell III Ohio University Press Athens / Ohio University Press, Athens, Ohio 45701 © 2004by James H. O’Donnell III Printed in the United States ofAmerica All rights reserved Ohio University Press books are printed on acid-free paper ƒ™ 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 5 4 3 2 1 The publication ofthis book was made possible in part by the generous support ofthe Ohio Bicentennial Commission. Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data O’Donnell, James H., 1937– Ohio’s first peoples / James H. O’Donnell III. p. cm. — (Ohio bicentennial series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8214-1524-7(cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 0-8214-1525-5(pbk.: alk. paper) 1. Indians ofNorth America—Ohio—Antiquities. 2. Indians ofNorth America— Ohio—History. 3. Hopewell culture—Ohio. 4. Fort Ancient culture—Ohio. 5. Ohio—History—18th century. 6. Ohio—History—19th century. 7. Ohio— Antiquities. I. Title. II. Series. E78.O3O262004 77.1004’97—dc22 2003018114 Contents List of Illustrations vii Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 1 Peoples of “Ingenuity, Industry, and Elegance” 14 2 Ohio Sanctuary 28 3 The Noise and Miseries of War 46 4 The War for Ohio 73 5 “No Resting Place” 110 Ohio’s First Peoples: A Bicentennial Afterthought 127 Notes 129 Works Cited 159 Index 169 Illustrations Philo Archaeological District 3 Rufus Putnam’s map of the mounds at Marietta, 1788 7 Map of Delaware settlements drifting westward into Ohio 8 Map of the Ohio frontier, 1772–81 9 Plan of the Marietta earthworks, 1837 10 Map of Granville subregion 23 Gustavus Hesselius’s portrait of Lapowinsa, 1735 30 Return of English captives to Colonel Bouquet, ca. 1764 40 Henry Hamilton’s sketches of chiefs, 1778 54 Sketch of Pacane by Hamilton, 1778 55 Moravian Delaware village 69 Map of invasions of Ohio Indian country, 1774–82 70 Death of Colonel Crawford, 1782 71 Fort Harmar 76 Gilbert Stuart’s portrait of Joseph Brant, 1786 79 Campus Martius and mounds 81 Map of westward movement of tribes after 1782 85 Little Turtle 87 Benjamin Lossing’s portrayal of Tecumseh 99 George Catlin’s portrait of Tenskwatawa, the Prophet 104 Between-the-Logs 112 Mononcue 116 Acknowledgments While it may be said that movies involve casts of thousands, almost every book includes a support system far beyond the author’s adequacy to thank. For suggestive guidance, I am indebted to Professor Clarence Wunderlin of Kent State University, series editor of the Bicentennial Series, and also to David Sanders, director, Ohio University Press. At Marietta College, I am appreciative of the moral and financial support given by President Jean Scott, Provost Sue DeWine, and the Faculty Development Committee. At the Dawes Memorial Library of Marietta College, I wish especially to thank Professor Sandra Neyman, the Marietta college librarian, and Ms. Linda Showalter, library special collections associate in the Slack Research Collection, for their amazing knowledge of the collection and their un- canny ability to locate sources. No historian today dares try to prepare an overview like this without the aid of patient archaeologists. In my case I am grateful to Wesley Clarke, Registered Professional Archaeologist, an environmental planner with the Ohio Department ofTransportation who protects endangered sites in southeastern Ohio. My enormous and eternal debt, however, is to one who is not only my professional colleague but also my friend, wife, and source of all things beautiful, Mabry O’Donnell. Each day her supporting love makes possible whatever I accomplish. To her I say Je t’aime, toujours, je t’aime. ix
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