Ohio Science Grade 3: A Closer Look

343 Pages·2007·52.14 MB·english

by  Dr. Jay K. Hackett

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Program Authors Dr. Dorothy J. T. Terman
Dr. Jay K. Hackett Science Curriculum Development Consultant
Former K–12 Science and Mathematics Coordinator
Professor Emeritus of Earth Sciences
Irvine Unified School District, CA
University of Northern Colorado
Irvine, CA
Greeley, CO
Dr. Gerald F. Wheeler
Dr. Richard H. Moyer
Executive Director
Professor of Science Education and
National Science Teachers Association
Natural Sciences
University of Michigan–Dearborn Bank Street College of Education
Dearborn, MI New York, NY
Dr. JoAnne Vasquez
Contributing Authors
Elementary Science Education Consultant
Dr. Sally Ride
NSTA Past President
Member, National Science Board Sally Ride Science
and NASA Education Board San Diego, CA
Mulugheta Teferi, M.A. Lucille Villegas Barrera, M.Ed.
Principal, Gateway Middle School Elementary Science Supervisor
Center of Math, Science, and Technology Houston Independent School District
St. Louis Public Schools Houston, TX
St. Louis, MO American Museum
Dinah Zike, M.Ed. of Natural History
Dinah Might Adventures LP New York, NY
San Antonio, TX
Contributing Writer
Kathryn LeRoy, M.S.
Ellen C. Grace, M.S.
Executive Director
Consultant
Division of Mathematics and Science Education
Albuquerque, NM
Miami-Dade County Public Schools, FL
Miami, FL
Students with print disabilities may be eligible to obtain an accessible, audio version of the pupil edition of this
textbook. Please call Recording for the Blind & Dyslexic at 1-800-221-4792 for complete information.
A
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ISBN: 978-0-02-287197-0
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Content Consultants Editorial Advisory Board
Paul R. Haberstroh, Ph.D. Cathy Constance Mary Ellen Murray
Mohave Community College Science Coordinator Science Curriculum Coordinator
Lake Havasu City, AZ Youngstown City Schools Parma City Schools
Youngstown, OH Parma, OH
Timothy Long
School of Earth and Atmospheric Kevin Cornell Kevin Stinson
Sciences Teacher Science Manager, K-12
Georgia Institute of Technology Menlo Park Elementary Cincinnati City Schools
Atlanta, GA Huber Heights City Schools Cincinnati, OH
Huber Heights, OH
Rick MacPherson, Ph.D. Elizabeth Voit
Program Director Carolyn Day K-5 Science Curriculum Coordinator
The Coral Reef Alliance Director of School Improvement Cleveland Municipal Schools
San Francisco, CA Past Science and Math Supervisor Cleveland, OH
Dayton Public Schools
Hector Córdova Mireles, Ph.D. Tracie Walsh
Dayton, OH
Physics Department Teacher
California State Chris Doolittle Oakview Elementary
Polytechnic University Science Resources Kettering City Schools
Pomona, CA Westerville City Schools Kettering, OH
Westerville, OH
Charlotte A. Otto, Ph.D. Debbie Wickerham
Department of Natural Sciences Jim Hooper Teacher
University of Michigan-Dearborn Science Curriculum Leader Findlay City Schools
Dearborn, MI Vandalia-Butler City Schools Findlay, OH
Vandalia, OH
Paul Zitzewitz, Ph.D. Jeff Winslow
Department of Natural Sciences James Lay Science Supervisor
University of Michigan-Dearborn Teacher Talawanda Schools
Dearborn, MI Dayton Public Schools Oxford, OH
Dayton, OH
Missi Zender, Ph.D.
Chris Moore-Goad Science Resource Specialist
Math and Science Specialist Summit County ESC
Kettering City Schools Cuyahoga Falls, OH
Kettering, OH
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The Scientifi c Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
What Do Scientists Do? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Form a Hypothesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
How Do Scientists Test a Hypothesis? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Test Your Hypothesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Analyze the Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
How Do Scientists Analyze Data?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
How Do Scientists Draw Conclusions?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Draw Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 1
Focus on Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
The Design Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
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BE A SCIENTIST
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Ohio: A Closer Look . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8
• Bats in Wayne National Forest
• Orton Geological Museum
CHAPTER 1
A Look at Living Things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Lesson 1 Living Things and Their Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Reading in Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Lesson 2 Animals and Their Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Inquiry Skill Builder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Lesson 3 Classifying Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
• Writing in Science • Math in Science . . . . . . . 54
Lesson 4 Animal Life Cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
• Writing in Science • Math in Science . . . . . . . 64
Chapter 1 Review and Benchmark Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
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CHAPTER 2
Survival in Ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
Lesson 1 Food Chains and Food Webs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Inquiry Skill Builder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Lesson 2 Types of Ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Reading in Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Lesson 3 Adaptations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Inquiry Investigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110
Chapter 2 Review and Benchmark Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
CHAPTER 3
Changes in Ecosystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Lesson 1 Living Things Change Their Environments . . 1 1 8
Inquiry Skill Builder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 6
Lesson 2 Changes Affect Living Things . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 8
• Writing in Science • Math in Science . . . . . . 1 38
Lesson 3 Living Things of the Past . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140
Reading in Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Chapter 3 Review and Benchmark Practice . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Unit Literature Monarch Butterfly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154
Careers in Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156
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Ohio: A Closer Look . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158
• Malabar Farm • Clifton Gorge
CHAPTER 4
Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Lesson 1 Earth’s Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Inquiry Skill Builder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174
Lesson 2 Weathering and Erosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176
• Writing in Science • Math in Science . . . . . . 184
Chapter 4 Review and Benchmark Practice . . . . . . . . . . . .186

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CHAPTER 5
Using Earth’s Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190
Lesson 1 Minerals and Rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
• Writing in Science • Math in Science . . . . . . 202
Lesson 2 Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Inquiry Skill Builder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Lesson 3 Fossils and Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Reading in Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Chapter 5 Review and Benchmark Practice . . . . . . . . . . 224
Unit Literature One Cool Adventure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Careers in Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
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