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142 Pages·2015·0.734 MB·English
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Offending Women in Contemporary China DOI: 10.1057/9781137441447.0001 Palgrave Advances in Criminology and Criminal Justice in Asia This bold and innovative series provides a much needed intellectual space for global scholars to showcase criminological scholarship in and on Asia. Reflecting upon the broad variety of methodological traditions in Asia, the series aims to create a greater multi-directional, cross-national understanding between Eastern and Western scholars and enhance the field of comparative criminology. The series welcomes contributions across all aspects of criminology and criminal justice as well as interdisciplinary studies in sociology, law, crime science and psychology, which cover the wider Asia region including China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Korea, Macao, Malaysia, Pakistan, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam. Series editors: Bill Hebenton School of Law, Manchester University, UK Susyan Jou Graduate School of Criminology, National Taipei University, Taiwan Lennon Chang Department of Applied Social Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Series advisory board: Borge Bakken, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Liqun Cao, University of Ontario, Canada, Mark Finnane, Griffith University, Australia, Peter Grabosky, Australian National University, Australia, David T. Johnson, University of Hawaii, USA, Peter Manning, Northeastern University, USA, Mahesh Nalla, Michigan State University, USA, Ken Pease OBE, University College London, UK, John Pratt, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, Richard Sparks, Edinburgh University, UK, Ivan Sun, University of Delaware, USA, Lening Zhang, Saint Francis University, USA. Titles include: Anqi Shen OFFENDING WOMEN IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA Gender and Pathways into Crime Palgrave Advances in Criminology and Criminal Justice in Asia Series Standing Order ISBN 978–1–137–39700–3 hardback (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG XS, England DOI: 10.1057/9781137441447.0001 Offending Women in Contemporary China: Gender and Pathways into Crime Anqi Shen Senior Lecturer in Law and Policing, Teesside University, United Kingdom DOI: 10.1057/9781137441447.0001 © Anqi Shen 2015 Soffftcoverr eprint off thehardcover 1stedition2015 978–1–137–44143–0 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2015 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN: 978–1–137–44144–7 PDF ISBN: 978–1–349–49479–8 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. www.palgrave.com/pivot doi: 10.1057/9781137441447 Contents List of Tables vi Acknowledgements vii 1 Offending Women in Contemporary China: An Introduction 1 2 Researching Chinese Female Offenders: The Methodology 13 3 Female Members of Black-Society Style Criminal Organisations 32 4 Female Offenders Who Organised Others for Prostitution 53 5 Female Child Traffickers 74 6 Conclusion 95 Bibliography 104 Index 128 DOI: 10.1057/9781137441447.0001 v List of Tables 2.1 Offences involving female prisoners in the sample prison, July 2013 23 2.2 Respondents who participated in the interviews (n = 26), September 2013 25 3.1 Profile of the participants convicted of Section 294 offence (n = 7), July 2013 39 4.1 Business format and individuals’ positions in sex-work management 58 4.2 Profile of the respondents convicted of organising others for prostitution (n = 9), July 2013 59 5.1 Profile of the respondents convicted of child trafficking (n = 10), July 2013 81 5.2 Educational status of the participants convicted of child trafficking (n = 29), July 2013 81 vi DOI: 10.1057/9781137441447.0002 Acknowledgements I would like to thank all of those who offered me advice, encouragement, and support during my research and the writing of this book. First of all, I must offer my sincere gratitude to the 26 female prisoners who participated in the interviews. Their stories, although sad, inspired me to write this book. I hope by making the truth about them known, positive changes can be made to improve the conditions of the marginalised social groups they belong to. I am indebted to my anonymous contacts and friends working in the Chinese criminal justice system for assist- ing me to gain access to the respondents, and to the duty officers for assisting me during the interviews. Without them, this research would not have been possible. I am grateful to Yongzhong, Ce and his wife Daxia, for letting me use their accounts to access the Chinese academic databases from which I obtained the published materials in Chinese for this study. At work, I would like to thank my colleagues and friends at the Centre for Realist Criminology at Teesside University, for creating a vivid intellectual environment. Special thanks go to Georgios Antonopoulos for his comradeship, encouragement, enthusiasm, and dedication to academic research that has influenced me since 2007; Steve Hall who first encouraged me to write a single- authored academic monograph and offered advice on the proposal of this book; and Simon Winlow who worked with me on a journal article discussing female criminality in China in 2013, from which I realised feminist criminology DOI: 10.1057/9781137441447.0003 vii viii Acknowledgements to be uniquely critical, stylish, and fascinating. I am indebted to Philip Whitehead for reading the early drafts of Chapters 1–5. Our meetings following the completion of each draft chapter were so helpful, kept me committed to the timeframe, and convinced me that my writing was in the right direction. There are so many others to whom I am very grateful, but I am unable to list all their names here. I would also like to thank Paul Crawshaw and Rob McDonald for their continued support within the outlet of the Social Future Institute at Teesside University, the University for supporting my fieldwork conducted in China in 2013 under its International Visiting Academic Scheme, my school for providing generous research support, and my colleagues in the law subject group for creating a friendly working envi- ronment and influencing me intellectually over the years. I am grateful to my editors Harriet Barker, Julia Willan, and Dominic Walker at Palgrave Macmillan for first inviting me to write about my research in China at Wolverhampton in July 2013, and for all their support afterwards. I would also like to thank the reviewers for their invaluable comments and advice, and Suzanne Evans for her friendship – I relied on her magical skills for the final editorial check. I would like to thank all the conference audience for their useful discussions and comments on the early versions of Chapters 2 and 3, which I presented as papers, respectively, at the National Deviancy Conference in June 2014 at Teesside and at the Annual Conference of the British Society of Criminology the following month in Liverpool. Most of all, I am deeply indebted to my parents, for their care, love, and endless support. This book is dedicated to them. I owe special thanks to Dave for tolerating the long hours I spent in the evenings and weekends reading and writing, for cooking, and for everything during the time it has taken this book to come to fruition. DOI: 10.1057/9781137441447.0003 1 Offending Women in Contemporary China: An Introduction Abstract: The primary aim of this book is to examine the criminogenic factors of female criminality and the social contexts that facilitate women’s participation in criminal offending in post-Mao China. A further aim is to explore how these factors are gendered. In an attempt to better understand women’s offending, this chapter firstly looks into the historical, cultural, and social contexts of Chinese women on the whole, and secondly, it investigates the impact of the radical socioeconomic changes following the 1978 reforms on Chinese women in general and on female offenders in particular. Shen, Anqi. Offending Women in Contemporary China: Gender and Pathways into Crime. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. doi: 10.1057/9781137441447.0004. DOI: 10.1057/9781137441447.0004 

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