Off-Design Performance Prediction of the CFM56-3 Aircraft Engine Aerospace Engineering PDF
Preview Off-Design Performance Prediction of the CFM56-3 Aircraft Engine Aerospace Engineering
Off-Design Performance Prediction of the CFM56-3 Aircraft Engine Daniel Alexandre Rodrigues Martins Thesis to obtain the Master of Science Degree in Aerospace Engineering Supervisor(s): Prof. André Calado Marta Eng. António Miguel Abreu Ribeiro Henriques Examination Committee Chairperson: Prof. Filipe Szolnoky Ramos Pinto Cunha Supervisor: Prof. André Calado Marta Member of the Committee: Prof. João Eduardo de Barros Teixeira Borges November 2015 ii Tomyfamilyandfriends. iii iv Acknowledgments FirstlyIwouldliketothankEngineerAnto´nioFerreira,fortheopportunityofdevelopingthisworkinTAP Portugal. To both my supervisors, Engineer Anto´nio Miguel Abreu Ribeiro Henriques, of TAP, and Professor Andre´ Calado Marta, of IST, for all the support, confidence, solutions and encouragements. I am ex- tremely thankful and indebted to them for sharing expertise, and sincere and valuable guidance which resultedinalltheimprovementsthatledtothefinalversionofthisthesis. ToeverypersonthatIhaveworkedwithinTAPM&Eduringmyinternship. Theirknowledgeintheir areasofexpertisecontributedtothedevelopmentofthiswork. TomycolleaguesMa´rioFerreira,JulienPabiotandLuisdeBotton. I am also grateful to my IST colleagues who supported me throughout these last five years of my academiclife. Tomyparents,Iwouldliketothanktheirunconditionalsupport,encouragementsallacrossmylife. Finally, totherestofmyfamilyandfriends, forbeingpresent, inallthegood, butspecially, inallthe badmoments. v vi Resumo Desde o aparecimento das aeronaves no inicio do se´culo passado, estas teˆm transformado o mundo. A sua capacidade de viajar a velocidades muito superiores a`quelas que os comboios ou navios con- seguematingirajudouomundofacilitandotrocasecono´micaseajudandoaspessoasaconheceroutras culturas. O desempenho global de um turbina de ga´s pode ser estimado sabendo os principais paraˆmetros de desenho do motor, no entanto, isto e´ bastante dif´ıcil devido a` quantidade limitada de informac¸a˜o queosproductoresdemotoresdeixamescaparparaopu´blicoemgeral. Apesardeosproductoresde turbinasnormalmentefornecereminformac¸o˜essobreainterfacedesta,ainformac¸a˜oquee´ necessa´ria paraestimarociclotermodinaˆmicodeumacertaturbinaaga´sna˜oesta´ dispon´ıvel. Ummodelocapaz deestimarestesdadosdesconhecidostementa˜odesercriado. Nestatese,ummodelodedesempenhodomotorCFM56-3foidesenvolvidoutilizandoosoftwarede modelac¸a˜o GasTurb. O motor escolhido foi o CFM56-3 pelos factos de ser um dos mais utilizados por todoomundoedeaTAPManutenc¸a˜o&EngenhariaestarcertificadaparaorecebernasuaOficina. O modeloe´ criadoemprimeirolugarparaassuascondic¸o˜esnominais,ondeasuageometriae´ definida. O desempenhoforadascondic¸o˜esnominaise´ depoismodeladautilizandodadosprovenientesdobanco deensaiosdaTAPM&E.Omodeloe´ u´tilparapreverosdadosquena˜osa˜oreveladospeloscontructores dosmotores. A melhor aplicac¸a˜o deste trabalho e´ analisar a condic¸a˜o de motores CFM56-3. Com alguns dados provenientesdobancodeensaiosdeummotoremparticular,omodelopermiteperceberosproblemas dessemesmomotor. Esta dissertac¸a˜o coloca maior eˆnfase no desenvolvimento e validac¸a˜o do modelo do motor, bem como na sua utilidade para a Oficina de Motores da TAP Manutenc¸a˜o e Engenharia. O modelo do motorpossibilitara´ a` TAPManutenc¸a˜oeEngenhariaanalisarodesempenhodeumaturbinaaga´sbem como comparar o desempenho de qualquer motor CFM56-3 com o desempenho do modelo com vista aestimardegradac¸o˜esnosseuscomponentes. Omaiorbenef´ıcioparaaTAPM&Eporusaromodelodedesempenhoe´ apossibilidadedeefectuar reparosselectivos,permitindopouparhorasdetrabalhoereduzindooscustosdereparac¸a˜o. Palavras-chave: Turbinadega´s,modelodedesempenho,GasTurb,efeitosdedegradac¸o˜es, custosdereparac¸a˜o,folgasnapontadaspa´s. vii viii Abstract Eversincetheappearanceofaircraftsatthebeginningofthepastcentury,theyhavebeentransforming the world. Their capability of travelling at speeds much greater than that of trains or ships helped the worldbyfacilitatingeconomictradesandhelpedpeopletolearnaboutothercultures. Theoverallperformanceofagasturbinecanbeestimatedbyknowingthemaindesignparameters, however, this is quite challenging due to the limited data that the engine manufacturer releases to the general public. Although a turbine manufacturer usually provides data about the turbine interface, the datarequiredtoestimatethethermodynamiccycleofaparticulargasturbineremainshidden. Amodel ofthatenginecapableofestimatingthatdatamustthenbecreated. Inthisthesis,aperformancemodeloftheCFM56-3enginehasbeendevelopedusingthemodelling software GasTurb. The chosen engine was the CFM56-3 due to the facts that it is one of the world’s mostusedaircraftenginesandthatTAPM&EEngineShopiscertifiedtomaintainit. Themodelisfirst created for its design point, where its geometry is defined. The off-design performance of the engine is then modelled using data from TAP M&E test bed. The model is useful to predict the data that the enginemanufacturersdonotreveal. ThebestapplicationofthisworkistheanalysisoftheconditionofCFM56-3engines. Withsometest beddatafromaparticularengine,themodelmightdiagnosetheproblemsofthatsameengine. The thesis places major emphasis on the development and validation of the engine model, as well asitsuseinTAPM&EEngineShop. ThedevelopedmodelallowsTAPM&Etoanalysetheperformance ofthegasturbineaswellastocomparetheperformanceofanyCFM56-3enginetotheperformanceof themodelinordertoestimatecomponentsdegradation. ThemainbenefittoTAPM&Ebyusingtheperformancemodelisthepossibilityofperformingselec- tiverepairs,allowingtosaveworkhoursandreducingrepaircosts. Keywords: Gasturbine,Thermodynamics,Performancemodel,GasTurb,Degradationeffects, Repaircosts,Tipclearance. ix x
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