Of walls and bridges : the United States and Eastern Europe

443 Pages·1991·21.124 MB·English

by  Bennett Kovrig

BENNETlT( OVRIG
OFWAIJ�S
AND
BRIDGES
TheU nitSetda t&e s
EastEeurrnop e
AT WENTIECTEHN TUFRUYN DB OOK

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OFW ALLASN D
BRIDGES
The UnitSetda taensd
Eastern Europe
Bennett Kovrig
A TwentiCeetnht uFruyn Bdo ok
n
NEWY ORKU NIVERSPIRTEYS S
NewY orakn dL ondon
Copyr©i 1g9h9tb1yt hTew entCieentthFu urnyId n,c .
Alrli ghts reserved
Manufacitntu hrUeen di tSetdao tfAe mse rica
LibroafCr oyn grCeastsa loging-iDna-tPau blication
KovrBiegn,n ett.
Ofw alalnsbd r id:tg ehUsen itSetdaa tneEdsa stEeurrnoI p e
BennKeotvtr ig.
p.c m.
"AT wentCieentthFu urnybd o ok."
Inclbuidbelsi ogrreafpehriaecnnaidcln e dse x.
ISB0N- 8147-(4a6c1i2d-p-8af preere) -ISBN
0-8147-(4p6b1:k3a .-c6i d-pfarpeeer )
1.E uroEpaes,t ern-rFeolraetiigonn Sst-aUtn2ei.stU .en di ted
States-Froerleaitgino nsE-aEsutre3or.pUn en.,i tSetda tes­
Forerieglna tions.- I1.9T 4i5t-le.
DJK45.U51K96991
327.73047--dc20 91-2181
CIP
NewY orUkn ivePrrseibstosyo akrspe r inotnae cdi d-pfarpeeer
antdh ebiirn dmiantge raircaehl oss feosnrt reanngddtu hr ability.
Boodkegn s iKbye Vne nezio
FoMri chaAerli,aa nnaAd,l exander
'Ie TwentCieentthFu urnyid sa r esefaorucnhd uantdieornt aking
timaenlayl oyfes ceosn opmoilci,at nisdco aclii,sa slNu oets-.f or-profit
anndo npartthiFesu anwnda, fs o unidn1e 9d1 a9n edn dowbeyEd d ­
warAd.F ilene.
BOARODF T RUSTEOEFTS H ET WENTIECTEHN TURFYU ND
MorrBi.As b raEmm,e ritusG eorgesM-aHretEnimrnei,r itus
H.B ranAdyte rs LawreKn.Mc iel lEemre,r itus
PetAe.Ar .B erle P.M ichPaietlfi eld
JosAe.C abranes DonK .P riEcmee,r itus
JoseAp.Ch a lifJarn.o , RichRaarvdi tch
AlexaMnodregrCa anp ron ArthMu.Sr c hlesJirEn.mg,ee rri,t us
EdwaEr.Dd a viJdr,. HarvIeS.yl oane, M.D.
BrewCs.tD eern nCyh,a irmaTnh eodCo.Sr oer ensen
CharVl.He asm ilton JamTeosb iEnm,e ritus
AuguHsetc ksEcmheerri,t uDsa vBi.Td r umEamne,r itus
MatiSn.Ha o rner ShirWlielyl iams
JamAe.sL each
RichCa.Lr edo nDei,r ector
vi
Foreword
In thyee asrisnW coer lWda rI IA,m eripcoal'istc oiweatsrh ndea tions
ofE astEeurrno wpeer oev erwhelimniflnugelbnyycg eldo bcaolm peti­
tiobne twteheUenn itSetda atnetdsh UeS SRI.ti s t empttiosn agty h at
thaep pareenndtio nftg h astt rumgagyrl ees iunal nte vemno rlei mited
Amerircoalinent hapta rotft hweo rlTdh.iw so rbky,B ennKeotvtr ig
ofT rinCiotlyl ienTg oer onstiog,n ifiecnarnitocluhyure n sd erstanding
oft hceo mpleaxnindtu ya nocfpe a sUt. Sp.o laincodyf t hset aakneds
possibfioflrui ttAuimreeesr ircealna twiiottnhhrs ee gion.
Hegeals'sse rtthiamoten na ndn atiloenasnr ont hfirnoghm i story
mayb er igahltt,h onuofgtoh lr a cokfe difmyaitnegrS iuarlte.hls eyt ory
oft hpea sfto rtyy-efiaovrfeUs . Sp.o ltiocwya Erads tEeurrno opfef ers
lesstoocn usr rAemnetr ilceaand Tehresri.es m uctho b es aifdo,r
exampfloepr,a tieanncdce o nsisutnednecryg,rl oiubnedro apteiroan­
tionnost withstanding.
Theo bjecotfpi ovleissc hyo ublerd e aliasvtoiicdp,ir nogm itsheast
simpclayn nboekt e pItna. d ditwiemo uns,kt e eipnm intdh astu cciess s
oftteenr reixbpleyn Tshivevi ec.to ovrecyro mmuniinEs ams tEeurrno pe
requbiirleldoi fWo ensst deorlnl aanradss t eadAfmaesrtiw cialRnle .a l­
izitnhgfe u flrlu oiftt hsaa tc hievaenmsdee ntttt ihsnetg a fgoear l ong
pealciek emwaiybs eec ostly.
vii
Foreword
viii
Kovrbiogo'ckso unlodbt em ortei meIlmtya .yk eempa noyfu sf rom
clostihndego oorno utrh inakbiontught ce o lwda irn E astEeurrno pe
befowreef ululnyd erswthaanhtda ppednuerdi tnhgo dseec aodfe s
tenshioopnae,n, d fi,n altlryi,u mMpohr.e oKvoevrr,si tgu'dswy h,i ch
wasc ompldeutreiadnt gi moefr apcihda ncgoen,t itnhuTeew se ntieth
CentFuurnyd t'rsa diotfsi uopnp orrteisnetgah raictnh fl ueAnmceersi ­
cafno repioglni cy.
RICHARCD.L EONED,i rector
ThTew entCieentthFu urnyd