of northern hills agro-climatic zone of chhattisgarh stat

202 Pages·2017·7.75 MB·English

STUDY ON ADOPTION OF AGRICULTURAL
TECHNOLOGIES IN PLATEAUX (PAT AREAS) OF
NORTHERN HILLS AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONE OF
CHHATTISGARH STATE

Ph.D. Thesis

by

Subodh Kumar Pradhan

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
INDIRA GANDHI KRISHI VISHWAVIDYALAYA
RAIPUR (Chhattisgarh)

2017
STUDY ON ADOPTION OF AGRICULTURAL
TECHNOLOGIES IN PLATEAUX (PAT AREAS) OF
NORTHERN HILLS AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONE OF
CHHATTISGARH STATE

Thesis

Submitted to the

Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur

by

Subodh Kumar Pradhan

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF

Doctor of Philosophy

In

Agriculture
(Agricultural Extension)

VVID. No. 20141520508 IDNo.130114005

JULY, 2017
CERTIFICATE – I

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Study on adoption of
agricultural technologies in plateaux (pat areas) of northern hills agro-
climatic zone of chhattisgarh state” submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of “Doctor of Philosophy” of the Indira Gandhi
Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, is a record of the bonafide research work carried
out by Subodh Kumar Pradhan under my guidance and supervision. The subject
of the thesis has been approved by Student's Advisory Committee and the Director
of Instructions.
No part of the thesis has been submitted for any other degree or diploma or
has been published/published part has been fully acknowledged. All the assistance
and help received during the course of the investigations have been duly
acknowledged by him.
CERTIFICATE – II
This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Study on adoption of
agricultural technologies in plateaux (pat areas) of northern hills agro-
climatic zone of Chhattisgarh state” submitted by Subodh Kumar Pradhan to
the Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.) in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Agriculture in the
Department of Agricultural Extension has been approved by the external examiner
and Student's Advisory Committee after oral examination.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Research is an evolving concept. It implies the testing of nerves. It brings
to light our patience, understanding and dedication. My work in the same spirit is
just a step in the ladder. It is a drop in an ocean.
First of all, I would like to thank, and praise almighty “God”, the most
beneficent and merciful, for all his love and blessings conferred up- on mankind.
Then upon my “Family” who have provided me opportunities to go for higher
education.
I give my cordial thanks to my Major Advisor, Dr. M. A. Khan, Associate
Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension, Indira Gandhi Krishi
Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.) for his valuable and inspiring guidance, interest,
unique supervision, constructive criticism and advices throughout the
investigation and preparation of this thesis.
I have immense pleasure in expressing my appreciations for the members
of my advisory committee, Dr. M. L. Sharma, Professor & Head (Agricultural
Extension), Dr. H. K. Awasthi, Professor (Agricultural Extension), Dr. Y. K.
Yadu, Principal Scientist (Entomology) and Dr. R. R. Saxena, Professor
(Agricultural Statistics) for providing guidance and encouragements throughout
the research work. Without their kind co-operation it would not have been easy to
complete this thesis.
I am deeply indebted with deep sense of gratitude for the guidance and co-
operation of Dr. R. S. Sengar (Professor), Dr. D. K. Shuryawanshi (Associate
Professor) and Shri M. K. chaturvedi, Shri P. K. Sangode and Shri P. K. Pandey
(Assistant Professors) of Agricultural Extension department.
I am highly obliged to Hon’ble Vice Chancellor, Dr. S. K. Patil and Dr. O.
P. Kashyap, Dean, College of Agriculture, Raipur, Dr. S. S. Shaw, Director of
Instructions, IGKV, Raipur Dr. (Major) G. K. Shrivastava, Dean, Student
Welfare,, Dr. S. S. Rao, Director Research Services, Dr. M. P. Thakur, Director
Extension Services and for providing necessary facilities and support to conduct
the present investigation.
I have immense pleasure in expressing my whole hearted sense of
appreciation to Shri H. K. Patra, Dr. Kedar Nath Yadaw, Dr. Sunil Narbaria, Shri
P. K. Netam and Shri P. K. Bhagat for their timely help and advice during the
tenure of research work. I also express my thanks to Shri Basant Chandrakar and
Smt. Patarangi.
I have immense pleasure in expressing my whole hearted sense of
appreciation to Ajit Sonwani (RAEO, Jashpur), Kerketta Sir (RAEO, Manora) and
Shivnandan for their cooperation during field study.
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I heartily express my thanks to my friends Virendra, Yuvraj, Kamal
Narayan, Bharat, Phoolchand, Parmeshwar, Lekhram, Chandulal, Ashish Singh,
Rakesh Giri, Thanu, Teerth Singh Shandilya (TSS), Predeep Sai, Pankaj Sai,
Pawan, Umashankar, Deepak, Pushpendra, Kishor(Baba), Veeru, manish and
other friends for their co-operation and time to time encouragement.
I am also thankful to my juniors Ashish, Nitesh, Manish, Bhupesh, Shilpa,
Akanksha, Kinki, Pankaj Bhargav, Anjay, Altaf, Khemraj, Rewendra and other’s.
I am highly indebted to all the respondents and their families who obliged me by
providing necessary information for the present study.
I am very thankful to University Grants Commission, New Delhi and
Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India, for providing me economic
support in the form of fellowship (National Fellowship for Higher Education
(NFHE) of ST Students) during tenure of my study and research.
Indeed, words are inadequate either in form or spirits to convey my deep
sense of gratitude and appreciations to my parents Shri V. Pradhan (Papa) and
Smt. J. Pradhan (Mammi), Shri K. R. Pradhan (Chacha), Smt. K. Pradhan
(Chachi), Shri S. K. Bhagat and Smt. Sushma Bhagat (Jiju and Didi), my brother
Subhash, sisters Shweta (Chhoti), Smita (Doli), Sakshi, Devki Di and Namrata
(Bhanji), Paridhi (Bhanji), Nanhu and all family members for their love,
sacrifices and blessings for my educational pursuits.

Department of Agricultural Extension Subodh Kumar Pradhan
College of Agriculture, IGKV
Raipur (C.G.)

ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Title Page
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
LIST OF TABLES x
LIST OF FIGURES xiii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xiv

ABSTRACT xv
I INTRODUCTION 1
II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 6
2.1 Socio-economic characteristics 6
2.1.1 Age 6
2.1.2 Education 7
2.1.3 Caste 8
2.1.4 Family size 9
2.1.5 House Type 9
2.1.6 Farm power 9
2.1.7 Social Participation 10
2.1.8 Extension Participation 10
2.1.9 Occupation 11
2.1.10 Size of land holding 12
2.1.11 Land ownership 12
2.1.12 Soil type 12
2.1.13 Degree of fragmentation 13
2.1.14 Annul family income 13
iii
2.1.15 Animal possession 14
2.1.16 Material possession 14
2.1.17 Credit Acquisition 15
2.2 Communicational characteristics 15
2.2.1 Sources of information 15
2.2.2 Contact with extension personnel 17
2.3 Psychological characteristics 17
2.3.1 Economic Motivation 17
2.3.2 Scientific Orientation 18
2.3.3 Risk taking capacity 19
2.3.4 Attitude towards modern agriculture 19
2.4 Agro-Technological characteristics 19
2.4.1 Irrigation source and method 19
2.4.2 Cropping pattern 20
2.4.3 Cropping intensity 20
2.4.4 Productivity 21
2.4.5 Utilization of farm machinery 21
2.4.6 Seed replacement ratio 21
2.4.7 Storage 22
2.5 Biotic factors affecting the productivity of major 23
crops
2.6 Extent of adoption of agricultural technologies 25
in major crop
2.7 Socio-economic Status 28
2.8 Constraints in adoption of modern agricultural 28
technologies
2.9 Suggestions for higher productivity 30
III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 31
3.1 Location of the study area 31
3.2 Sample and sampling procedure 31
3.2.1 Selection of Pats 31
iv
3.2.2 Selection of villages 33
3.2.3 Selection of respondents 33
3.2.4 Collection of data 33
3.2.5 Statistical method 33
3.3 Variables of the study 33
3.4 Operationalization of independent variables and their 34
measurement
3.4.1 Socio-economic characteristics 34
4.1.1.1 Age 34
4.1.1.2 Education 35
4.1.1.3 Caste 35
4.1.1.4 Family Size 36
4.1.1.5 House Type 36
4.1.1.6 Farm power 36
4.1.1.7 Social Participation 37
4.1.1.8 Extension Participation 37
4.1.1.9 Occupation 38
4.1.1.10 Size of land holding 38
4.1.1.11 Land ownership 39
4.1.1.12 Soil type 39
4.1.1.13 Degree of fragmentation 39
4.1.1.14 Annul income 40
4.1.1.15 Animal possession 40
4.1.1.16 Material possession 40
4.1.1.17 Credit Acquisition 41
3.4.2 Communicational characteristics 41
3.4.2.1 Sources of information 41
3.4.2.2 Contact with extension personnel 42
3.4.3 Psychological characteristics 43
3.4.3.1 Economic Motivation 43
3.4.3.2 Scientific Orientation 43
v
3.4.3.3 Risk taking capacity 44
3.4.3.4 Attitude towards modern 44
agriculture
3.4.4 Agro-Technological characteristics 45
3.4.4.1 Irrigation method 45
3.4.4.2 Cropping pattern 45
3.4.4.3 Cropping intensity 45
3.4.4.4 Productivity 45
3.4.4.5 Utilization of farm machinery 46
3.4.4.6 Seed replacement ratio 46
3.4.4.7 Storage 46
3.5 Operationalization of dependent variables and 4 6
their measurement
3.5.1 Extent of adoption of agricultural 46
technologies in major crop
3.5.2 Socio-economic status 47
3.6 Constraints faced by farmers in adoption of 48
Agricultural technologies
3.7 Suggestions given by farmers to overcome the 48
constraints
3.8 Type of data 48
3.9 Developing the interview schedule 48
3.10 Validity 49
3.11 Reliability 49
3.12 Method of data collection 50
3.13 Statistical analysis 50
IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 51
4.1 Independent variables 51
4.1.1 Socio-economic characteristics 51
4.1.1.1 Age 52
4.1.1.2 Education 52
4.1.1.3 Caste 53
4.1.1.4 Family Size 53
4.1.1.5 House Type 54
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