Of God and His Creatures by Thomas Aquinas

515 Pages·2005·2.82 MB·English

by  St. Thomas Aquinas

Of God and His Creatures
by
St. Thomas Aquinas
About Of God and His Creatures
Title: Of God and His Creatures
URL: http://www.ccel.org/ccel/aquinas/gentiles.html
Author(s): Aquinas, Thomas, Saint (1225?-1274)
Publisher: Grand Rapids, MI: Christian Classics Ethereal Library
Publication History: Burnes & Oates: London (1905)
Date Created: 2000-07-09
General Comments: Joseph Ricaby (trs)
CCEL Subjects: All; Classic;
LC Call no: BS2555
LC Subjects: The Bible
New Testament
Special parts of the New Testament
Of God and His Creatures St. Thomas Aquinas
Table of Contents
About This Book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. ii
Title Page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 1
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 3
Table of Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 5
Book I. Of God as He Is in Himself. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 32
Chapter I. The Function of the Wise Man. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 32
Chapter II. Of the Author’s Purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 33
Chapter III. That the Truths which we confess concerning God fall under
two Modes or Categories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 33
Chapter IV. That it is an advantage for the Truths of God, known by Natural
Reason, to be proposed to men to be believed on faith. . . . . . . . . . . . p. 35
Chapter V. That it is an advantage for things that cannot he searched out
by Reason to be proposed as Tenets of Faith. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 36
Chapter VI. That there is no lightmindedness in assenting to Truths of Faith,
although they are above Reason. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 37
Chapter VII. That the Truth of reason is not contrary to the Truth of Christian
Faith. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 38
Chapter VIII. Of the Relation of Human Reason to the first Truth of
Faith. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 39
Chapter IX. The Order and Mode of Procedure in this Work. . . . . . . . . p. 39
Chapter X. Of the Opinion of those who say that the Existence of God
cannot he proved, being a Self-evident Truth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 40
Chapter XI. Rejection of the aforesaid Opinion, and Solution of the aforesaid
Reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 41
Chapter XII. Of the Opinion of those who say that the Existence of God is
a Tenet of Faith alone and cannot he demonstrated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 42
Chapter XIII. Reasons in Proof of the Existence of God. . . . . . . . . . . . p. 43
Chapter XIV. That in order to a Knowledge of God we must use the Method
of Negative Differentiation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 45
Chapter XV. That God is Eternal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 46
Chapter XVI. That in God there is no Passive Potentiality. . . . . . . . . . p. 47
Chapter XVIII. That in God there is no Composition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 48
Chapter XX. That God is Incorporeal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 48
Chapter XXI. That God is His own Essence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 49
Chapter XXII. That in God Existence and Essence is the same. . . . . . . p. 49
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Chapter XXIII. That in God there is no Accident. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 50
Chapter XXIV. That the Existence of God cannot he characterised by the
addition of any Substantial Differentia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 52
Chapter XXV. That God is not in any Genus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 52
Chapter XXVI. That God is not the formal or abstract being of all
things. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 53
Chapter XXVIII. That God is Universal Perfection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 55
Chapter XXIX. How Likeness to God may be found in Creatures. . . . . . p. 56
Chapter XXX. What Names can be predicated of God. . . . . . . . . . . . p. 56
Chapter XXXI. That the Plurality of divine Names is not inconsistent with
the Simplicity of the Divine Being predicated of God and of other
Beings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 57
Chapter XXXII. That nothing is predicated of God and other beings
synonymously. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 58
Chapter XXXIII. That it is not at all true that the application of common
Predicates to God and to Creatures involves nothing beyond a mere Identity
of Name. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 58
Chapter XXXIV. That the things that are said God and Creatures are said
analogously. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 59
Chapter XXXV. That the several Names predicated of God are not
synonymous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 60
Chapter XXXVI. That the Propositions which our Understanding forms of
God are not void of meaning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 61
Chapter XXXVIII. That God is His own Goodness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 61
Chapter XXXIX. That in God there can be no Evil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 62
Chapter XL. That God is the Good of all Good. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 63
Chapter XLII. That God is One. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 63
Chapter XLIII. That God is Infinite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 64
Chapter XLIV. That God has Understanding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 66
Chapter XLV. That in God the Understanding is His very Essence. . . . . p. 68
Chapter XLVI. That God understands by nothing else than by His own
Essence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 68
Chapter XLVII. That God perfectly understands Himself. . . . . . . . . . . p. 69
Chapter XLVIII. That God primarily and essentially knows Himself
alone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 69
Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 70
Chapter L. That God has a particular Knowledge of all things. . . . . . . . p. 70
Chapter LI. Some Discussion of the Question how there is in the Divine
Understanding a Multitude of Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 71
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Chapter LII. Reasons to show how the Multitude of intelligible Ideal Forms
has no Existence except in the Divine Understanding. . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 72
Chapter LIII. How there is in God a Multitude of Objects of
Understanding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 72
Chapter LIV. That the Divine Essence, being One, is the proper Likeness
and Type of all things Intelligible. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 74
Chapter LV. That God understands all things at once and together. . . . . p. 75
Chapter LVI. That there is no Habitual Knowledge in God. . . . . . . . . . p. 76
Chapter LVII. That the Knowledge of God is not a Reasoned
Knowledge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 77
Chapter LVIII. That God does not understand by Combination and
Separation of Ideas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 78
Chapter LIX. That the Truth to be found in Propositions is not excluded
from God. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 79
Chapter LX. That God is Truth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 79
Chapter LXI. That God is pure Truth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 80
Chapter LXII. That the Truth of God is the First and Sovereign Truth. . . . p. 81
Chapter LXIII. The Arguments of those who wish to withdraw from God the
Knowledge of Individual Things. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 81
Chapter LXIV. A list of things to be said concerning the Divine
Knowledge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 82
Chapter LXV. That God Knows Individual Things. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 83
Chapter LXVI. That God knows things which are not. . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 83
Chapter LXVII. That God knows Individual Contingent Events. . . . . . . p. 85
Chapter LXVIII. That God knows the Motions of the Will. . . . . . . . . . . p. 87
Chapter LXIX. That God knows infinite things. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 88
Chapter LXX. That God knows Base and Mean Things. . . . . . . . . . . . p. 90
Chapter LXXI. That God knows Evil Things. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 91
Chapter LXXII. That God has a Will. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 92
Chapter LXXIII. That the Will of God is His Essence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 93
Chapter LXXIV. That the Object of the Will of God in the First Place is God
Himself. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 93
Chapter LXXV. That God in willing Himself wills also other things besides
Himself. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 94
Chapter LXXVI. That with one and the same Act of the Will God wills Himself
and all other Beings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 94
Chapter LXXVII. That the Multitude of the Objects of God’s Will is not
inconsistent with the Simplicity of His Substance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 95
Chapter LXXVIII. That the Divine Will reaches to the good of Individual
Existences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 95
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Chapter LXXIX. That God wills things even that as yet are not. . . . . . . p. 96
Chapter LXXX. That God of necessity wills His own Being and His own
Goodness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 96
Chapter LXXXI. That God does not of necessity love other things than
Himself. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 97
Chapter LXXXII. Arguments against the aforesaid Doctrine and Solutions
of the same. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 98
Chapter LXXXIII. That God wills anything else than Himself with an
Hypothetical Necessity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 99
Chapter LXXXIV. That the Will of God is not of things in themselves
Impossible. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 100
Chapter LXXXV. That the Divine Will does not take away Contingency from
things. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 101
Chapter LXXXVI. That Reason can be assigned for the Divine Will. . . . . p. 101
Chapter LXXXVII. That nothing can be a Cause to the Divine Will. . . . . p. 102
Chapter LXXXVIII. That there is a Free Will in God. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 102
Chapter LXXXIX. That there are no Passions in God. . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 103
Chapter XC. That there is in God Delight and Joy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 104
Chapter XCI. That there is Love in God.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 105
Chapter XCII. In what sense Virtues can be posited in God. . . . . . . . . p. 106
Chapter XCIII. That in God there are the Virtues which regulate
Action. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 107
Chapter XCIV. That the Contemplative (Intellectual) Virtues are in
God. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 108
Chapter XCV. That God cannot will Evil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 109
Chapter XCVI. That God hates nothing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 109
Chapter XCVII. That God is Living. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 110
Chapter XCVIII. That God is His own Life. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 111
Chapter XCIX. That the Life of God is everlasting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 112
Chapter C. That God is Happy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 112
Chapter CI. That God Is His own Happiness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 113
Chapter CII. That the Happiness of God is most perfect, and exceeds all
other happiness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 113
Book II. God the Origin of Creatures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 115
Chapter I. Connexion of what follows with what has gone before.. . . . . p. 115
Chapter IV. That the Philosopher and the Theologian view Creatures from
Different Standpoints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 115
Chapter V. Order of Matters to be Treated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 116
Chapter VI. That it belongs to God to be to other Beings the Principle of
Existence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 116
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Chapter VII. That there is in God Active Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 116
Chapter VIII. That God’s Power is His Substance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 117
Chapter IX. That God’s Power is His Action. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 117
Chapter X. In what manner Power is said to be in God. . . . . . . . . . . . p. 117
Chapter XI. That something is predicated of God in relation to
Creatures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 118
Chapter XII. That the Relations, predicated of God in regard to Creatures,
are not really in God. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 119
Chapter XIII. How the aforesaid Relations are predicated of God. . . . . p. 119
Chapter XIV. That the Predication of many Relations of God is no prejudice
to the Simplicity and Singleness of His Being. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 120
Chapter XV. That God is to all things the Cause of their being. . . . . . . p. 120
Chapter XVI. That God has brought things into being out of nothing. . . . p. 122
Chapter XVII. That Creation is not a Movement nor a Change. . . . . . . p. 123
Chapter XVIII. Solution of Arguments against Creation. . . . . . . . . . . . p. 124
Chapter XIX. That Creation is not Successive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 124
Chapter XXI. That it belongs to God alone to create. . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 125
Chapter XXII. That God is Almighty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 126
Chapter XXIII. That God’s Action in Creation is not of Physical Necessity,
but of Free Choice of Will. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 127
Chapter XXIV. That God acts by His Wisdom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 128
Chapter XXV. In what sense some things are said to be Impossible to the
Almighty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 129
Chapter XXVI. That the Divine Understanding is not limited to certain fixed
Effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 130
Chapter XXVIII. That God has not brought things into being in discharge
of any Debt of Justice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 132
Chapter XXIX. How in the Production of a Creature there may be found a
debt of Justice in respect of the necessary Sequence of something posterior
upon something prior. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 133
Chapter XXX. How Absolute Necessity may have place in Creation. . . . . p. 133
Chapter XXXI. That it is not necessary for Creatures to have existed from
Eternity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 135
Chapter XXXII, XXXV. Reasons alleged for the Eternity of the World on
the part of God, with Answers to the same. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 136
Chapters XXXIII, XXXVI. Reasons alleged for the Eternity of the World on
the part Creatures, with answers to the same. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 140
Chapter XXXIV, XXXVII. Reasons alleged for the Eternity of the World on
the part of the Creative Process itself, with Answers to the same. . . . . p. 141
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Chapter XXXVIII. Arguments wherewith some try to show that the World
is not Eternal, and Solutions of the same. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 143
Chapter XLI. That the Variety of Creatures does not arise from any
Contrariety of Prime Agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 144
Chapter XLIV. That the Variety of Creatures has not arisen from Variety
of Merits and Demerits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 146
Chapter XLV. The Real Prime Cause of the Variety of Creatures.. . . . . p. 147
Chapter XLVI. That it was necessary for the Perfection of the Universe that
there should be some Intellectual Natures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 148
Chapter XLVII. That Subsistent Intelligences are Voluntary Agents. . . . . p. 149
Chapter XLVIII. That Subsistent Intelligences have Free Will. . . . . . . . p. 149
Chapter XLIX. That Subsistent Intelligence is not Corporeal. . . . . . . . . p. 151
Chapter LII. That in Created Subsistent Intelligences there is a Difference
between Existence and Essence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 152
Chapter LIII. That in Created Subsistent Intelligences there is Actuality and
Potentiality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 153
Chapter LV. That Subsistent Intelligences are Imperishable. . . . . . . . . p. 153
Chapter LVI, LXIX. How a Subsistent Intelligence may be united with a
Body, with a Solution of the Arguments alleged to prove that a Subsistent
Intelligence cannot be united with a Body as its Form. . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 155
Chapter LVII. Plato’s Theory of the Union of the Intellectual Soul with the
Body. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 159
Chapter LVIII. That Vegetative, Sentient, and Intelligent are not in man
Three Souls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 161
Chapter LIX. That the Potential Intellect of Man is not a Spirit subsisting
apart from Matter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 162
Chapter LX. That Man is not a Member the Human Species by possession
of Passive Intellect, but by possession of Potential Intellect. . . . . . . . . p. 166
Chapter LXI. That the aforesaid Tenet is contrary to the Mind of
Aristotle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 168
Chapter LXII. Against the Opinion of Alexander concerning the Potential
Intellect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 170
Chapter LXIV. That the Soul is not a Harmony. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 172
Chapter LXV. That the Soul is not a Body. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 172
Chapter LXVI. Against those who suppose Intellect and Sense to be the
same. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 173
Chapter LXVII. Against those who maintain that the Potential Intellect is
the Phantasy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 174
Chapter LXVIII. How a Subsistent Intelligence may be the Form of a
Body. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 174
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Chapter LXIX. Solution of the Arguments alleged to show that a Subsistent
Intelligence cannot be united with a Body as the Form of that Body. . . . . p. 176
Chapter LXXIII. That the Potential Intellect is not One and the Same in all
Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 177
Chapter LXXIV. Of the Opinion of Avicenna, who supposed Intellectual
Forms not to be preserved in the Potential Intellect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 184
Chapter LXXV. Confutation of the Arguments which seem to prove the
Unity of the Potential Intellect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 187
Chapter LXXVI. That the Active Intellect is not a separately Subsisting
Intelligence, but a Faculty of the Soul. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 191
Chapter LXXVII. That it is not impossible for the Potential and the Active
Intellect to be united in the one Substance of the Soul. . . . . . . . . . . . p. 193
Chapter LXXVIII. That it was not the opinion of Aristotle that the Active
Intellect is a separately Subsistent Intelligence, but rather that it is a part
of the Soul. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 195
Chapter LXXIX. That the Human Soul does not Perish with the Body. . . . p. 197
Chapter LXXX, LXXXI. Arguments of those who wish to prove that the
Human Soul perishes with the Body, with Replies to the same. . . . . . . p. 199
Chapter LXXXII. That the Souls of Dumb Animals are not Immortal. . . . . p. 202
Chapter LXXXIII, LXXXIV. Apparent Arguments to show that the Human
Soul does not begin with the Body, but has been from Eternity, with Replies
to the same. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 203
Chapter LXXXV. That the Soul is not of the substance of God. . . . . . . p. 206
Chapter LXXXVI. That the Human Soul is not transmitted by
Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 207
Chapter LXXXVII. That the Human Soul is brought into Being by a Creative
Act of God. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 209
Chapter LXXXVIII, LXXXIX. Arguments against the Truth of the Conclusion
last drawn, with their Solution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 210
Chapter XCI. That there are Subsistent Intelligences not united with
Bodies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 217
Chapter XCIII. That Intelligences subsisting apart are not more than one
in the same Species. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 218
Chapter XCIV. That an Intelligence subsisting apart and a Soul are not of
one Species. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 219
Chapter XCVI. That Intelligences subsisting apart do not gather their
Knowledge from Objects of Sense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 219
Chapter XCVII. That the Mind of an Intelligence subsisting apart is ever in
the act of understanding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 221
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Of God and His Creatures St. Thomas Aquinas
Chapter Chapter XCVIII. How one separately subsisting Intelligence knows
another. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 221
Chapter XCIX. That Intelligences subsisting apart know Material Things,
that is to say, the Species of Things Corporeal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 223
Chapter C. That Intelligences subsisting apart know Individual
Things. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 223
Chapter CI. Whether to Separately Subsisting Intelligences all Points of
their Natural Knowledge are Simultaneously Present. . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 225
Book III. God the End of Creatures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 226
Chapter I. Preface to the Book that Follows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 226
Chapter II. That every Agent acts to some End. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 228
Chapter III. That every Agent acts to some Good. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 229
Chapter IV. That Evil in things is beside the Intention of the Agent. . . . . p. 229
Chapters V, VI. Arguments against the Truth of the Conclusion last drawn,
with Solutions of the Same. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 230
Chapter VII. That Evil is not a Nature or Essence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 233
Chapters VIII, IX. Arguments against the aforsesaid Conclusion, with
Answers to the same. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 234
Chapter X. That the Cause of Evil is good. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 235
Chapter XI. That Evil is founded in some Good. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 238
Chapter XII. That Evil does not entirely swallow up Good. . . . . . . . . . p. 238
Chapter XIV. That Evil is an Accidental Cause. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 240
Chapter XV. That there is not any Sovereign Evil, acting as the Principle
of All Evils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 240
Chapter XVI. That the End in View of everything is some Good. . . . . . p. 240
Chapter XVII. That all Things are ordained to one End, which is God. . . . p. 241
Chapter XVIII. How God is the End of all Things. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 242
Chapter XIX.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 242
Chapter XX. How Things copy the Divine Goodness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 242
Chapter XXI. That Things aim at Likeness to God in being Causes of other
Things. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 244
Chapter XXIV. That all Things seek good, even Things devoid of
Consciousness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 245
Chapter XXV. That the End of every Subsistent Intelligence is to understand
God. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 246
Chapter XXVI. That Happiness does not consist in any Act of the Will. . . p. 248
Chapter XXVII. That the Happiness of Man does not consist in Bodily
Pleasures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 252
Chapter XXVIII, XXIX. That Happiness does not consist in Honours nor in
Human Glory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. 254
x