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Selbyana 22(1): 1-4. 2001. OESTLUNDIA: A NEW GENUS OF ORCHIDACEAE IN LAELIINAE WESLEY E. HIGGINS Environmental Horticulture, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110670, Gainesville, FL 32611-0670, USA. Current address: Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, 811 South Palm Avenue, Sarasota, FL 34236-7726, USA. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Encyclia section Leptophylium Dressler & Pollard is a monophyletic group that must be raised to generic status to keep sister clades equally ranked. The generic name Oestlundia is proposed for this clade in honor of Karl Erik Magnus Ostlund. New combinations are made for Oestlundia cyanocolumna, O. distantiflora, O. luteorosea, and O. tenuissima. Key words: Orchidaceae, taxonomy, Encyclia, Epidendrum, Leptophylium, Oestlundia, cyanocolumna, distantiflora, luteorosea, tenuissima, Laeliinae INTRODUCTION he retired and devoted himself to orchid studies. Ostlund died in Cuemavaca, Mexico, on Feb A DNA analysis of three gene regions, ITS, ruary 27, 1938. The Ostlund Orchid Herbarium matK, and tmL-F, produces a phylogeny (FIG was the finest collection of orchids to ever come URE 1) for Encyclia section Leptophyllum that out of Mexico and perhaps the finest from any shows it more closely related to Prosthechea Latin American country at that time (Williams than to Encyclia (Higgins et al. in press). The 1951). The Ostlund heirs donated his collection DNA voucher locations are listed in TABLE 1. to the Oakes Ames Orchid Herbarium at Har Based upon a combined analysis of molecular vard University. Duplicate sets of specimens and morphological data (Higgins 2000), Ency were distributed to many institutions, including clia section Leptophyllum Dressler & Pollard the Smithsonian Institute National Museum of (Dressler & Pollard 1971), excluding Epiden Natural History (US), and Missouri Botanical drum subulatifolium A. Rich. & Galeotti, is a Garden (MO). monophyletic group that must be raised to ge neric status to keep sister clades equally ranked. Since the sectional name Leptophyllum is oc NEW GENUS cupied at the generic level in the Caryophylla Oestlundia WE. Higgins, gen. nov. TYPE: Epi ceae by Leptophyllum Ehrh. (Ehrhart 1784), a dendrum cyanocolumna Ames, F.T. Hubb. new name is required for this group. The name & C. Schweinf. Oestlundia, proposed here, commemorates Karl Erik Magnus Ostlund (1875-1938) who collect Planta epiphytica, foliis grarniniformibus, pseudo ed the type specimen for the species. bulbis fasciculatis, ovoideis a conico-ovoideis, inflo Ostlund was born in Stockholm, Sweden, on rescentia simp lice vel ramosa, floribus paucis a multis, February 3, 1875. He received the degree of labelo continuo cum base columnae, labelo unilobato adnato a columna papillato vel camoso-porcato, co Chemical Engineer from the Royal Institute of lumna recta tridentata, dente mediano parvo obtuso, Technology in 1897 and, in 1909, was appointed dentibus lateralibus grandibus aliformibus, rostello manager of the Empresa de Telefonos Ericsson horizontale. S/A, Mexico. The Mexican Orchidaceae became the compelling interest in his life, and in 1928 Pseudobulbs clustered or up to 3 cm apart on TABLE 1. DNA voucher information. Taxon Voucher number Oestlundia cyanocolumna (Ames, ET. Hubb. & C. Schweinf.) W.E. Higgins FLAS 200717 Oestlundia distantiflora (Rich. & Gal.) W.E. Higgins AMO MAS 9324 Oestlundia luteorosea (Rich. & Gal.) W.E. Higgins W. Bussey, Mexico Oestlundia luteorosea (Rich. & Gal.) W.E. Higgins Orquideas del Valle, Colombia Oestlundia tenuissima (Ames, Hubb. & Schweinf.) W.E. Higgins FLAS 200719 1 2 SELBYANA Volume 22(1) 2001 21 6 J Encyclia cordigera 1 13 2 67 Encyc/ia incumbens A T 22 Encyclia oncidioides 1 7 Encyc/ia tampensis 7 I 4 90 I 12 Encyc/ia diuma 7 74 10 51 Encyc/ia asperula 8 EncyC/ia randii 7 9 19 63 95 29 I EncyC/ia candollei 100 I 13 22 EncyC/ia dichroma 100 21 Encycfia adenocaula 34 Encyclia bractescens 1 46 I Oestlundia luteorosea 100 I 2 Oestlundia /uteorosea 8 26 - 67 11 J Oestlundia cyanocolumna 22 87 31 Oestlundia tenuissima 100 29 Oestlundia distantiflora 14 c;;:2= Euchife citrina 28 100 Euchife mariae 3 Euchile mariae 9 3 I Proslhechea chimborazoensis 12 I 11 Prosthechea fragrans 100 15 7 Prosthechea aemufa 95 15 6 5 Prosihechea abbreviata 21 85 Prosthechea cochleata 6 B 94 19 I 16 Prosthechea pygmaea 9 100 Prosthechea pseudopygmaea 3 26 8 I Prosthechea vitellina 23 93 - Prosthechea glauca 7 9 73 9 I 5 Prosthechea ionocentra 4 100 67 100 I 15 Prosthechea prismatocarpa 9 Prosthechea cretacea 26 Prosthechea ochracea FIGURE 1. A selected DNA tree showing Oestlundia phylogeny. Fitch branch lengths are above the line and bootstrap indices below. ACCTRAN character optimization is used for branch lengths. The nodes that collapse in the strict consensus tree are marked with a dot forming polytomies at points A and B. HIGGINS: OESTLUNDIA, A NEW ORCHID GENUS 3 A 8 c E OO'0D 2mm D FIGURE 2. Oestlundia cyanocolumna flower. A. Lateral view of flower. B. Top view of column and lip with anthercap removed. C. Side view of column showing lip transition to column. D. Bottom view of column with top and side view of anther. and side view of pollinia. E. Dissected flower showing sepals. petal. and lip. rhizome, ovoid, spheric-ovoid, conic-ovoid, or branched, 5-45 em long; flowers 2-12, the se fusiform-ovoid, 0.7-7 X 0.3-2.5 cm. Leaves pals and petals pale yellow, yellow, orange-yel 1-3 per pseudobulb, linear, ligulate-linear, or el low, olive-green, or green-yellow shading dis liptic-Jigulate, obtuse or acute, 3.5-25 X 0.15-1 tally to brown or purplish brown, the lip yellow, cm. Inflorescence pedunculate, simple or orange-yellow, or cream-white centrally marked 4 SELBYANA Volume 22( I) 200 I with dull violet or green stripe, the column yel 15. 1934. TYPE: Mexico, Michoacan, Bar low, orange-yellow, green-yellow, dark purple ranca de las Minas, Ostlund 2246 (AMES). or blue-violet. Sepals linear-Ianceolate, elliptic SYNONYM: Encyclia tenuissima (Ames, RT. oblong, oblong-oblanceolate, or oblanceolate, Hubb. & C. Schweinf.) Dressler, Brittonia apex obtuse, subobtuse, or acute, 7-18 X 1.5-3 13(3): 265. 1961. mm. Petals spatulate or oblanceolate-spatulate, The genus can be identified by a suite of char oblanceolate-linear, sub1inear, linear, or oblan acteristics. Unique in the subtribe is the combi ceolate, apex attenuate, subobtuse, obtuse or nation of a horizontal rostellum and wing-like acute, 7-17 X 0.5-3 mm. Lip basally adnate or lateral teeth on the column along with an un adnate to column for about Y-% length of col 3 lobed lip markedly adnate to the column bearing umn, total length 8-16 mm; the blade unlobed, fleshy ridges/papillae. A parsimony analysis lanceolate, obovate or cuneate-obovate, or cu (Higgins 2000) of these characters across the neate, apex acute, retuse or obtuse, 8.5-10 X subtribe Laeliinae revealed, however, that the 3.5-7 mm; callus of 2 explanate or fleshy ridges only unambiguous morphological synapomor or keels at base of blade, together subquadrate, phy for the genus is the smooth transition of the passing into 3 of 5-7 very fleshy, warty, verru lip to the column (FIGURE 2). cose, or papillose veins which run nearly to the Oestlundia is endemic to Mexico with the ex apex of the lip, outer veins may be crenulate. ception of O. luteorosea, which also occurs in Column about 3-6 mm long, slender, the mid Honduras, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Costa Rica, tooth obtuse, shorter than the wing-like lateral Colombia, Venezuela, Paraguay, Bolivia, and teeth which are subequal to or surpass the anther, Peru. These medium to high elevation (600- lateral teeth joined by horizontal rostellum. Cap 2000 m) plants usually are found in dry forests. sule ellipsoid, 15-20 X 5-8 mm (Dressler & Typically, this habitat is very dry January to Pollard 1976). May. Thus in cultivation, they require cool to intermediate growing conditions with complete INCLUDED TAXA drying of the roots between waterings. Oestlundia cyanocolumna (Ames, RT. Hubb. & ACKNOWLEDGMENTS C. Schweinf.) W.E. Higgins, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Epidendrum cyanocolumna I thank Mark Whitten and John Atwood for Ames, RT. Hubb. & Schweinf. Bot. Mus. reviewing this article. I also thank Bijan Dehgan Leafl. 3: 2. 1934. TYPE: Mexico, Pueb1a, Te for the use of the Horticultural Systematics Lab ziutlan, Ostlund 2413 (AMES). SYNONYM: at the University of Florida. This research was Encyclia cyanocolumna (Ames, RT. Hubb. partially funded by the American Orchid Soci & C. Schweinf.) Dressler, Brittonia 13(3): ety. Florida Agricultural Experiment Station 264. 1961. Journal Series No. N01893. Oestlundia distantifiora (A. Rich. & Gal.) WE. Higgins, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Epiden LITERATURE CITED drum distantiflorum A. Rich. & Gal. Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, 3: 19. 1845. TYPE: Mexico, Dressler, RL. and G.E. Pollard. 1971. Nomenclatural notes on the Orchidaceae: IV. Phytologia 21(7): Veracruz, Mirador, Galeotti 5250 (W). SYN 433-439. ONYM: Encyclia distantiflora (A. Rich. & ---. 1976. The Genus Encyc1ia in Mexico, 2nd ed. Galeotti) Dressler & G.E. Pollard, Phyto- Asociaci6n Mexicana de Orquideologia, A.C., 10gia 21(7): 437. 1971. Mexico City. Oestlundia luteorosea (A. Rich. & Gal.) W.E. Ehrhart, J.F. 1784. Leptophyllum. Beitr. Naturk. 4: 147. Higgins, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Epiden Higgins, W.E. "Intergeneric and Intrageneric Phylo drum luteoroseum A. Rich. & Gal. Ann Sci. genetic Relationships of Encyclia (Orchidaceae) Nat., ser. 3, 3: 19. 1845. TYPE: Mexico, Gal Based upon Holomorphology." Ph.D. diss., Hor eotti 5233 (P). SYNONYM: Encyclia luteo ticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gaines ville, 2000. rosea (A. Rich. & Galeotti) Dressler & G.E. Higgins, WE., C. van Den Berg and W.M. Whitten (in Pollard, Phytologia 21: 437. 1971. press). A combined molecular phylogeny of En Oestlundia tenuissima (Ames, Hubb. & c. cyclia (Orchidaceae) and relationships within Lae Schweinf.) W.E. Higgins, comb. nov. BAS liinae. Lindleyana. IONYM: Epidendrum tenuissimum Ames, Williams, L.O. 1951. The Orchidaceae of Mexico. Cei Hubb. & C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafi. 3: ba 2: 5-321.