Table Of Content

Oculoplasty for Ophthalmologists Questions and Answers Essam A. El Toukhy Editor 123 Oculoplasty for Ophthalmologists Essam A. El Toukhy Editor Oculoplasty for Ophthalmologists Questions and Answers Editor Essam A. El Toukhy Oculoplasty Service Cairo University Cairo, Egypt ISBN 978-3-030-68468-6 ISBN 978-3-030-68469-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68469-3 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Preface This book presents the most up-to-date oculoplastic knowledge base in a question and answer format. Multiple choice questions are the most com- monly used assessment and teaching technique, and this question format will continue to assume a greater significance in the era of online exams and virtual consultations. This book is designed to target ophthalmologists at varying professional levels; from residents and fellows to consultants. Whether they are preparing for an exam, sitting for a final degree, pursuing subspecialty training in oculoplasty, or requiring a detailed knowledge base of the subspecialty as they encounter clinical cases, this book provides a comprehensive guide from the very basic principles to the most advanced. The book will also be of special interest for consultant ophthalmologists and university professors organizing and preparing exams. The book follows the same structure of the accompanying textbook “Oculoplastic Surgery—A Practical Guide to Common Disorders.” Section by section, it includes over 1000 classic multiple choice questions as well as 150 high-quality clinical photos and illustrations with a variety of case presentations, clinical scenarios, radiological scans, and pathological speci- mens. The questions are meant to supplement the information provided in the textbook, which is available for further clarification and in-depth study of the various subjects. This supplementary approach and extensive illustra- tive support makes this book series unique in the world of oculoplasty (at present, no high-quality referenced question books are available at interna- tional level). We hope this book becomes a staple on every ophthalmologist’s desk as they pursue the specialty and encounter oculoplasty cases in their practice. Cairo, Egypt Essam A. El Toukhy Acknowledgements To all those who supported me during my life, to all the wonderful people in my life, my dear parents, my lovely wife, and my beloved daughters. v Contents 1 Basics of Oculoplasty and Anaesthesia ....................... 1 Essam A. El Toukhy 2 Lid Lesions and Malpositions .............................. 11 Essam A. El Toukhy 3 Ptosis .................................................. 37 Essam A. El Toukhy 4 Lid Reconstruction ...................................... 51 Essam A. El Toukhy 5 Cosmetics and Injectables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Noha El Toukhy 6 The Lacrimal System ....................................69 Nadeen El Toukhy 7 Trauma ................................................ 91 Essam A. El Toukhy 8 The Orbit ............................................. 101 Essam A. El Toukhy 9 Orbital Implants and Prosthesis .......................... 135 Essam A. El Toukhy 10 Oculoplasty Interactions with Other Specialities ............. 143 Essam A. El Toukhy 11 Thyroid Eye Disease .................................... 159 Essam A. El Toukhy vii 1 Basics of Oculoplasty and Anaesthesia Essam A. El Toukhy Oculoplastic surgery is the subspecialty that management, with tailored approaches of local, combines the art and principles of plastic and regional and general anaesthesia techniques. reconstructive surgery with the delicacy and Anaesthetic management for oculoplastic sur- precision of ophthalmic surgery. An oculoplas- geries mainly requires a thorough knowledge of tic surgeon should be aware of the principles the anatomy as well as local anaesthetic pharma- of both worlds as well as surgical skills to get cology. Regional blocks have gained widespread optimum cosmetic and functional results while enthusiasm and are being used more and more protecting the globe and the patient’s vision. A frequently now. They can be used alone or in thorough knowledge of wound healing, the types combination with each other to cover the sur- of sutures, needles, flaps and grafts is mandatory gery site. They cause minimal discomfort, lower to gain a cosmetically accepted result. cost, and lower perioperative morbidity in com- Similarly, anaesthesia is an indispensa- parison to general anaesthesia. They also pro- ble component of Oculoplastic procedures. vide the advantages of less local anaesthetic use As a subspecialty, oculoplasty has its own and minimal tissue distortion when compared needs and requirements regarding anaesthesia with infiltration anaesthesia. E. A. El Toukhy (*) Oculoplasty Service, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt e-mail: [email protected] © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 1 E. A. El Toukhy (ed.), Oculoplasty for Ophthalmologists, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68469-3_1 2 E. A. El Toukhy Basics of Oculoplasty and Anaesthesia 2. The following is a: 1. The following is a: A. Vertical mattress suture B. Horizontal mattress suture A. Vertical mattress suture C. Interrupted suture B. Horizontal mattress suture D. Continuous suture. C. Interrupted suture D. Continuous suture. 1 Basics of Oculoplasty and Anaesthesia 3 3. The following is a: A. Vertical mattress suture B. Horizontal mattress suture C. Interrupted suture D. Continuous suture. 4. The above diagram is an example of: A. Advancing flap B. Rotational flap C. Rhomboid flap D. Transpositional flap. 4 E. A. El Toukhy 6. The above diagram is an example of: A. Advancing flap B. Rotational flap C. Rhomboid flap D. Transpositional flap. 5. The above diagram is an example of: A. Advancing flap B. Rotational flap C. Rhomboid flap D. Transpositional flap.