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Octopus Animal Series editor: Jonathan Burt Already published AntCharlotteSleigh · ApeJohnSorenson · BearRobertE.Bieder · BeeClairePreston CamelRobertIrwin · CatKatharineM.Rogers · ChickenAnniePotts · CockroachMarionCopeland CowHannahVelten · CrocodileDanWylie · CrowBoriaSax · DeerJohnFletcher · DogSusanMcHugh DolphinAlanRauch · DonkeyJillBough · DuckVictoriadeRijke · EelRichardSchweid ElephantDanWylie · FalconHelenMacdonald · FlyStevenConnor · FoxMartinWallen FrogCharlotteSleigh · GiraffeEdgarWilliams · GorillaTedGottandKathrynWeir HareSimonCarnell · HorseElaineWalker · HyenaMikitaBrottman · KangarooJohnSimons LeechRobertG.W.KirkandNeilPemberton · LionDeirdreJackson · LobsterRichardJ.King MonkeyDesmondMorris · MooseKevinJackson · MosquitoRichardJones · OctopusRichardSchweid OstrichEdgarWilliams · OtterDanielAllen · OwlDesmondMorris · OysterRebeccaStott ParrotPaulCarter · PeacockChristineE.Jackson · PenguinStephenMartin · PigBrettMizelle PigeonBarbaraAllen · RabbitVictoriaDickenson · Rat Jonathan Burt · RhinocerosKelly Enright Salmon Peter Coates · Shark Dean Crawford · SnailPeter Williams · SnakeDrakeStutesman SparrowKimTodd·SpiderKatjaandSergiuszMichalski·SwanPeterYoung · TigerSusieGreen TortoisePeterYoung · TroutJamesOwen · Vulture Thom van Dooren · Whale Joe Roman WolfGarry Marvin Octopus Richard Schweid reaktion books Published by reaktion books ltd 33 Great Sutton Street ec1v 0dx, uk London www.reaktionbooks.co.uk 2013 First published 2013 Copyright © Richard Schweid All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publishers Printed and bound in China by C&C Offset Printing Co., Ltd A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library isbn 978 1 78023 177 8 Contents 1 7 Octopus Body 2 47 Octopus Brain 3 64 Octopus Mind 4 Octopus Fishing, Farming and 80 Marketing 5 105 Octopus Cuisine 6 126 Octopus Iconography 7 155 Octopus Keeping 176 Timeline 179 References 189 Select Bibliography 191 Associations and Websites 192 Acknowledgements 193 Photo Acknowledgements 195 Index 1 Octopus Body When you watch an octopus, an octopus watches you back. A surprising degree of unanimity on this point exists among people who spend a lot of time observing octopuses (the generally accepted plural spelling for octopus). They all agree that when they do so, the animals closely observe them in turn. Gazing for any length of time at an octopus, particularly Octopusvulgaris, the common octopus the species most Europeans, Americans and Asians know leads to the inescapable conclusion that the animal is looking back, and is somehow thinking about what it is seeing. Jacques Cousteau, who encountered thousands of octoJ puses during his lifetime of diving, wrote in his book Octopusand 1973 Squid:TheSoftIntelligence( ) that an undersea diver who encounters an octopus immediately senses something unusually responsive in its ga e: ‘One has the sensation of lucidity, of a look much more expressive than that of any fish, or even any 1 marine mammal.’ No researcher working with octopuses remains oblivious to the fact that he or she is under observation, no matter how rigor J ous and rational their scientific approach. Roger Hanlon, a senior scientist at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, 1968 Massachusetts, has been working with octopuses since . He is widely considered to be among the most judicious and careful of current octopus researchers, and his book CephalopodBehavior 7
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