Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review PDF
Preview Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review
OCEANOGRAPHY and MARINE BIOLOGY AN ANNUAL REVIEW Volume 55 OCEANOGRAPHY and MARINE BIOLOGY AN ANNUAL REVIEW Volume 55 Editors S. J. Hawkins Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, UK and The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Plymouth, UK A. J. Evans Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, UK and The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Plymouth, UK A. C. Dale Scottish Association for Marine Science, Argyll, UK L. B. Firth School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Plymouth University, UK D. J. Hughes Scottish Association for Marine Science, Argyll, UK I. P. Smith School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom International Standard Serial Number: 0078-3218 CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2017 by S.J. Hawkins, A.J. Evans, A.C. Dale, L.B. Firth, D.J. Hughes, and I.P. Smith CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed on acid-free paper Version Date: 20170206 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-138-19786-2 (Hardback) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the valid- ity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. With the exceptions of chapters 3, 4, and 5, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. Chapters 3, 4, and 5 are available for free in PDF format as Open Access at www.taylorfrancis.com. They have been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercial - No Deriviatives 4.0 license. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http:// www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Preface vii Introduction to the Special Issue ix Ally J. Evans, Louise B. Firth, Andrew Dale, David Hughes, I. Philip Smith & Stephen J. Hawkins Filling in the Grazing Puzzle: A Synthesis of Herbivory in Starfish 1 Aline S. Martinez, Maria Byrne & Ross A. Coleman Intertidal Boulder-Fields: A Much Neglected, but Ecologically Important, Intertidal Habitat 35 M.G. Chapman Ecological Dominance along Rocky Shores, with a Focus on Intertidal Ascidians 55 Marc Rius, Peter R. Teske, Patricio H. Manríquez, Rocío Suárez-Jiménez, Christopher D. McQuaid & Juan Carlos Castilla Giant Clams (Bivalvia: Cardiidae: Tridacninae): A Comprehensive Update of Species and Their Distribution, Current Threats and Conservation Status 87 Mei Lin Neo, Colette C.C. Wabnitz, Richard D. Braley, Gerald A. Heslinga, Cécile Fauvelot, Simon Van Wynsberge, Serge Andréfouët, Charles Waters, Aileen Shau-Hwai Tan, Edgardo D. Gomez, Mark J. Costello & Peter A. Todd How Anthropogenic Activities Affect the Establishment and Spread of Non-Indigenous Species Post-Arrival 389 Emma L. Johnston, Katherine A. Dafforn, Graeme F. Clark, Marc Rius & Oliver Floerl A Review of Herbivore Effects on Seaweed Invasions 421 Swantje Enge, Josefin Sagerman, Sofia A. Wikström & Henrik Pavia Author Index 441 Systematic Index 471 Subject Index 475 v Preface The 55th volume of Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review (OMBAR) contains six reviews that cover a range of topics, reflecting the wide readership of the series. A brief intro- ductory comment outlines the inspiration for review articles in this special issue that stemmed from contributions to and discussions at the 2015 Aquatic Biodiversity & Ecosystems conference in Liverpool, UK. OMBAR welcomes suggestions from potential authors for topics that could form the basis of appropriate reviews. Contributions from physical, chemical and biological oceanographers that seek to inform both oceanographers and marine biologists are especially welcome. Because the annual publication schedule constrains the timetable for submission, evaluation and acceptance of manuscripts, potential contributors are advised to contact the editors at an early stage of manuscript preparation. Contact details are listed on the title page of this volume. The editors gratefully acknowledge the willingness and speed with which authors complied with the editors’ suggestions and requests and the efficiency of CRC Press, especially Jennifer Blaise, Marsha Hecht and John Sulzycki, in ensuring the timely appearance of this volume. vii Introduction to the Special Issue ALLY J. EVANS1,2, LOUISE B. FIRTH3, ANDREW DALE4, DAVID HUGHES4, I. PHILIP SMITH5 & STEPHEN J. HAWKINS1,2 1Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK 2The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK 3School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK 4Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll, Scotland, PA37 1QA, UK 5School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB24 2TZ, UK In this 55th volume of Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review (OMBAR), we pres- ent a special issue stemming directly and indirectly from contributions and discussions at the 2015 Aquatic Biodiversity & Ecosystems Conference in Liverpool, UK, plus related work from research teams represented at that conference. The Aquatic Biodiversity & Ecosystems Conference was organised by Dr Louise Firth at the University of Liverpool in August–September 2015. The overarching theme was “evolution, inter- actions and global change in aquatic ecosystems”, with a number of subthemes, within which over 250 papers were presented to delegates from 30 different countries. The meeting partially followed up on the 1990 Plant–Animal Interactions in the Marine Benthos Conference hosted by Professor Stephen Hawkins 25 years previously, which itself was prompted by a 1983 OMBAR review on grazing of intertidal algae by marine invertebrates (Hawkins & Hartnoll 1983). Through structured workshops and informal discussions at the 2015 conference, suggestions were garnered for review articles for this special OMBAR issue, and for chapters in the forthcom- ing book Interactions in the Marine Benthos—A Regional and Habitat Perspective, a follow-up to Plant–Animal Interactions in the Marine Benthos (John et al. 1992) (which was inspired by the 1990 conference), to be published by Cambridge University Press. The neglected fields of herbivory in starfish (Martinez et al. 2017) and intertidal boulder-fields (Chapman 2017) are synthesized to stimulate further interest in these topics. Ecological dominance along rocky shores is discussed, focussing on ascidians (Rius et al. 2017). Neo et al. (2017) review the ecology of giant clams. Johnston et al. (2017) consider the spread of non-indigenous species. Enge et al. (2017) take this theme further by discussing defences against herbivory of invasive seaweeds. The themes of the conference— evolution, interactions and global change—are all explored in these contributions. We hope that this special issue will be of value to oceanographers and marine biologists alike, and will inspire further research where knowledge gaps have been identified. We look forward to working with new contributors and welcome suggestions for reviews for future volumes. We would especially value contributions from oceanographers for coming issues. We sadly heard of the passing away of Professor Roger Hughes at the conference in August 2015. As the then Editor in Chief of OMBAR, this special issue was planned with Roger. We dedi- cate this volume to his memory as a superb scientist, excellent editor, fine and fanatical fisherman and great guitarist. ix
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