Ocean of Trade: South Asian Merchants, Africa and the Indian Ocean, c.1750-1850 PDF
Preview Ocean of Trade: South Asian Merchants, Africa and the Indian Ocean, c.1750-1850
Ocean of Trade OceanofTradeoffersaninnovativestudyoftrade,productionandcon- sumptionacrosstheIndianOceanbetweentheyearsc.1750and1850. FocusingontheVa¯niya¯ merchantsofDiuandDaman,PedroMachado explores the region’s entangled histories of exchange, including the African demand for large-scale textile production among weavers in Gujarat, the distribution of ivory to consumers in Western India, and the African slave trade from Mozambique that took captives to the French islands of the Mascarenes, Brazil and the Rio de la Plata, and the Arabian peninsula and India. In highlighting the critical role of particular South Asian merchant networks, thebook reveals howlocal AfricanandIndianconsumerdemandwascentraltothedevelopmentof commerce across the Indian Ocean, giving rise to a wealth ofregional andglobalexchangeinaperiodcommonlyperceivedtobeincreasingly dominatedbyEuropeancompanyandprivatecapital.Thebookoffers an important contribution to our understanding of the layered and entangledhistoriesofAfricaandSouthAsiawithinanoceanicandglobal context. PedroMachadoisAssistantProfessorintheDepartmentofHistoryat IndianaUniversity,Bloomington. Ocean of Trade South Asian Merchants, Africa and the Indian Ocean, c. 1750–1850 Pedro Machado UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learningandresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107070264 ©PedroMachado2014 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2014 PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyClays,StIvesplc AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdata Machado,Pedro,1970– Oceanoftrade:SouthAsianmerchants,AfricaandtheIndianOcean, c.1750–1850/PedroMachado. pages cm ISBN978-1-107-07026-4(hardback) 1. Merchants–SouthAsia–History–18thcentury. 2. Merchants–South Asia–History–19thcentury. 3. Merchants–IndianOcean–History. 4. IndianOcean–Commerce–History–18thcentury. 5. Indian Ocean–Commerce–History–19thcentury. 6. SouthAsia–Commerce– History. 7. Africa–Commerce–History. 8. Internationaltrade– History. 9. Production(Economictheory)–History. 10. Consumption (Economics)–History. I. Title. HF3785.M325 2014 382.0918204–dc23 2014007200 ISBN978-1-107-07026-4Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication, anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. Contents Listoffigures pagevi Listofmaps vii Listoftables viii Acknowledgements ix Noteoncurrencies xiii Abbreviations xiv Introduction 1 1 Merchantsoftheocean 18 2 Crossings 69 3 Threadsthatbind 120 4 Whitegold 168 5 AfricainIndia 208 Conclusion 268 Bibliography 276 Index 307 v Figures 2.1 Sailinginstructions page91 3.1 (a)and(b)GujaratiPatternbook 144 vi Maps 1.1 WesternIndianOcean page21 2.1 Monsoonwinds 88 2.2 GujaratimapofGulfofCambay 92 2.3 GulfofCambay(inEnglishtranscription) 93 3.1 TradeandtextileproductioncentresGujarat 140 4.1 Zambesiprincipaltraderoutes 194 5.1 SoutheastAfricancoast 229 5.2 AtlanticandIndianOcean 243 vii Tables 4.1 VoyagesbyVa¯niya¯ merchantstoQuelimane, 1781–1828 page188 5.1 NumberofvoyagesmadebyVa¯niya¯ merchants toselectportsinMozambique,1781–1830 227 5.2 SlaveimportsintoDiu,DamanandGoafrom Mozambique,1770–1834 250 viii
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