Occurence, Quantity, and Quality of Ground Water in Taylor County, Texas

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S'.'
W \\;). ;EY~AS NATURAL RESOURCL~
R. ~qC\ iNf<lRMATiON SYSTEM· ,-
'r\o.",).~"\ P.O, [}QX 13231. Capitol Btl,
"'~\H~;in, Texas 78711-3231
Report 224
• ' _...l
o_,,.,..
Occurrence, Quantity, and Quality
of Ground Water in Taylor County, Texas
TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES
October 1978
I C ('
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ERRATA
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for
ef?fl.~TR- REPORT224
OCCURRENCE,QUANTITY,AND QUALITYOF GROUNDWATER IN TAYLOR COUNTY,TEXAS
(PublishedbytheTexasDepartmentofWaterResourcesOctober 1978)
Thefollowingtablereplacestheoneonpage 13. " !"~~a~~).~-~) '!IfJ~~,,.-j,~:4tl\.~. ~_."~ >,.J
Table1.-GeologicUnitsandTheirWater-BearingPropertiesinTaylorCounty
APPROXIMATE
MAXIMUM
THICKNESS WATER·BEARING
SYSTEM SERIES GROUP FORMATION MEMBER [ftl LITHOLOGICCHARACTER CHARACTERISTICS
Crossbedde(jsan(lstones.gravel,fine YieldS fresh to moderately saline
silts,anclsan"yclaysoccurringinand waterinsmalltomoderatequantities
borde"ng ,...·ost of the stream to walls mOstly in the Bastern
channel~,ntrecounty two·thirdsofthecountv
Known to yield small QUilntlties01
Undividedsudicialdeposits fwreesllhatnodsolingehtlsypr$inaglinIenwthaeternOtorthoenrne
r-,--,-,--, halfofthecounty
~--I------+----_.---------1"-----------+
Quaternarv rCoonretdains"anfdins~3g"rdainseilldS,,w'ehdltdeis,h'i-gohralntagne wKantoewrn10tothryeile!lwdelslsmaallolnqgutahnet'ctioeusnotyf
and gray ClilV; and white to buff linenorthofMerkelinthenorthwest
nodules 01 cal'che <usually near panofthecounty.Waterinonewell
surfacel. L.ower portion of the was/resh
Seymour 40 cfoonrmgloamtieorna,tsescocaornsTeaingirnavgelsweOlrl
roundedpebblesofquartz,quartzite.
igneous c'ystalline rocks, bone
fragments, p'~1'if,edwood,scaTtered
wate.worn ,::eetaceous fossds. am.l
cobblesand~,ehblesoflimestone
Edwllrds
Limestone
-CLoimm-aensc:ohn"eP-"ak fiGnortsaesyrb,ileittdhedirneod"t<'c:,·-la"yhe-rg"'ue-lsator-,new-av,-"y",tb-hed-dtheid1n,
Marly, larr"nated, li~ht gray to
ye'lowish clay so""e thin
seml,cl'yStillline limestone lenses
Cretaceous Comanche locally
Lower;]nd ["Poerr>arlschie·lysand, Yieldsfreshwaterinsmallquantities
middle part ma'nly clay, Sand is towellsandspringsintheSOuthe,n
creamtoneilrwhi'e,finetomed'um partofthllcounty
grained, mad.Hately to wal: sorted,
weathers b"ft \0 locally varigated,
200 some cronI)"dd:ng. argillaceous in
thllupperpart,locallyconglome'atic
inthe10W'Hpari.Middlepartch'afly
redto;link,purple,locallygrayand
greenclay,Silty,"'ithoccasionalbeds
ot hard ",.lcareOds siLtstonE'
Conglome'ateInlow,,"'part"la,feup
ofchenand.,,~artlit"p"bbles, :
1--~--~.I-~---+---~---.j---~--~--t~--~......,r--------J--:C~'-O-'-'~b'JCd"(1
sandstone, iYields fresh to moderately saline
greenish·..·av usual'y well Watarinsmalltomoderatequantities
consolldati!d, medium-grained, to wells along theextremewastern
s'~b-angular10w,,11roundari"ealTOp edgesofthecounty
PeaseRiver SanAngelo 200 soafnd"nstiot;neloa"s"'ea'bop~oert,inot"erbisedcdlaeyrlhwailtlsh,
cherty cOIHJlo....erates. gypsum
nodul"5, s·raaks Of "satin spar"
gypsum, a"d ren and gree" shales
Weathersdark.ad
Merkel ThegrayM-e.rke!dolomite,atOrnear YieldS fresh to moderUQly saline
Dolomite the top ot this formation, 's not waterinsmalltomoderatequant,ties
belie~'ed !C be present southward to wells in theweSternpart"fthe
fromapoi"I'JUS1southofInterstate county
20ardaboutl_r)mileseast:)fTrent
The rema'''der of the f'Jrmat,on
consist·; of Sen"pers.stent beds of
gray dol'J"'ite and anhydrite
inte"pursedi"redshalesane,locally.
IhIn poorIy de~eloped sandSlone
lenses
Builwagon '0 Upper port,on 01 tha for.n'atian is Y,e-ds tresh to moderately salinQ
Permian Dolomite compriSlldofmanytbmbedsofgray warer in Sfllall quantitiestoa few
dolom,te andanhydriteinterbedded wells In the eastern half of tne
with some clay, but ma.nly red cO_.Jnty
shales, Lo"er portion of ',""il is
nominatel'l "'n shale ""ith thin
strongersatdolom,t'landafewlhin
le"tic~lar "haley sandstones. This
f-------jf-----+----+ia-we-rredsh.;eunitth,nstothewest
Arroyo SKRLtLLLvLa"aiiitbiimmmnmlneydyeeeepssssLittt'paooooeknnnneeeel! 250 Wlaats'lLn)oonae.ai(rcnhvo1mrmeadIiweslllas'oI€sel'n;tt':tp,!ol"o,ioennnndleeseetsh,"Ihn"I.",iJHnd'yeil;"'"'a.'emdAsmrstthnihtbaeaeheencdntrvddOhesddllseyworel.eirtdItTdenleedbhoti,alcaos;uantsmehnhdlaIduictrpHe0kp'1sseRoh,sgaoiaaalr,ltnrn!nnah!ltdVyyyde, swYmeieallldsllSqifnrueasnhthtiettoiesselaigTsOhtetlryansfaeplwianretswcoaafttteerrtheidne
~, TtosI-sIifl,'ferboues<ldIe,,d,,,estognraeyinttoerbebdudtetd, wYiaetledrsisnl,gshmtlaylltoqumanotdite,erastetloyasafleinwe
L-"--":it:h,~,a·,'g,_il;la~~<":oe'o;"u~s'eI',m:~e:s:two,n~e;:a"n,<;j"g:ra::y sIhcaetcttotruendtywallsintheeasternpartof
,"".", _-----L._"__
SLJI)sLJr'ace
L-__---'- L....__---'.__ _ JL- ---'
YieldofWells: Small,lenthan100gp...,tgallonspe'minute moderare.100-1,000gpm,large,morethar<1,000,prY'
Aerial Viewof Abilene, LookingSouthwest.
Courtesy ofthe Abilene Reporter News.
TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES
REPORT 224
OCCURRENCE, QUANTITY, AND QUALITY OF GROUND WATER IN
TAYLOR COUNTY, TEXAS
By
Howard D. Taylor, Geologist
Texas DepartmentofWater Resources
October 1978
TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES
Harvey Davis, Executive Director
TEXASWATER DEVELOPMENT BOARD
A. L. Black, Chairman Robert B. Gilmore, Vice Chairman
Milton Potts George W. McCleskey
John H. Garrett Glen E. Roney
TEXASWATER COMMISSION
Felix McDonald, Chairman Dorsey B. Hardeman,Commissioner
Joe R. Carroll,Commissioner
Authorization for use or reproduction ofany original material contained in
this publication, i.e., not obtained from other sources, is freely granted. The
Department wouldappreciateacknowledgement.
Published and distributed
by the
Texas DepartmentofWater Resources
Post Office Box 13087
Austin,Texas 78711
ii
,'! .,
FOREWORD
Effective September 1, 1977, Texas three water resources agencies,
the Texas Water Rights Corrmission, the Texas Water Development Board, and
the Texas Water Quality Board, were consolidated to form the Texas Depart
ment of Water Resources. A number of publications prepared under the
auspices of the predecessor agencies are being published by the TDWR. To
effect as little delay as possible in production of these publications,
references to these predecessor agencies will not be altered except on
their covers and title pages.
~ ~.
Har~ ~
Executive Director
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION 3
Location and Extent ofthe Study Area 3
Purpose and Scope of the Investigation 3
Methods of Investigation 3
Previous Investigations . 4
Well-NumberingSystem 4
Acknowledgements 4
GEOGRAPHY 4
Topography and Drainage 4
Climate. 6
History, Population,and Economy 6
GENERAL GEOLOGY. 6
Geologic History . 6
Stratigraphy oftheWater-Bearing Formations 9
Pre-Permian Systems 9
Permian System . 9
Wichita Group 9
Clear Fork Group 9
Pease River Group 9
Cretaceous System . 9
Trinity Group. 9
Fredericksburg Group 14
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cant'd)
Page
Quaternary System . 14
Pleistocene Series. 14
RecentSeries 14
Regional Structure 14
Geomorphology . 14
GENERAL GROUND-WATER HYDROLOGY. 15
HydrologicCycle. . . . 15
Source and Occurrence of Ground Water 16
Recharge, Discharge,and Movementof Ground Water 16
HydraulicPropertiesof Aquifers 17
Development of Ground Water 17
Irrigation 17
PublicSupply 18
Industrial 18
Domesticand Livestock 18
Changes in Water Levels 18
GENERAL CHEMICAL QUALITYOF GROUNDWATER 19
RelationshipofWater Quality to Use 20
Changes in Chemical Quality 25
Treatment ofWater . 27
AVAILABILITY AND QUALITY OF GROUNDWATER 27
Principal Aquifers 27
Recert Alluvium 27
Extentof the Aquifer 27
Source and Occurrenceof GroundWater 27
Movement, Recharge,and Dischargeof Ground Water 27
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cant'd)
Page
Chemical Quality.
27
HydraulicProperties ofthe Aquifer.
32
Historyof Development
32
Changes inWater Levels
33
Well Construction
34
Availability ofGroundWaterfor Future Development 34
Antlers Formation
37
Extentofthe Aquifer
37
Source, Recharge, and Occurrence ofGround Water 37
Movementand Dischargeof Ground Water
38
Chemical Quality .
38
HydraulicProperties ofthe Aquifer.
41
Historyof Development
42
Changes in Water Levels
42
Well Construction
42
Availability of Ground Waterfor Future Development 42
Choza Formation
42
Extentofthe Aquifer
42
Source, Recharge,andOccurrence ofGround Water 43
Movementand DischargeofGround Water
43
Chemical Quality.
43
Hydraulic Properties of the Aquifer
44
Historyof Development
44
Changesin Water Levels
45
Well Construction
45
Availability of Ground Waterfor Future Development 45
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cant'd)
Page
San Angelo Formation . 45
Extentof the Aquifer 45
Source, Recharge, and Occurrence of Ground Water 45
Movementand Dischargeof Ground Water 46
Chemical Quality. 46
HydraulicProperties ofthe Aquifer 47
Historyof Development 47
Changes inWater Levels 47
Well Construction 47
Availability of Ground Water for Future Development 48
OtherWate-·Bearing Units. 48
Lueders Formation . 48
Extentofthe Unit 48
Source, Recharge, and Occurrence ofGroundWater 48
Movement and Discharge of GroundWater 48
Chemical Quality. 48
HydraulicPropertiesof the Aquifer 49
Changes inWater Levels 49
Well Construction 49
Arroyo Formation 49
Extent of the Unit 49
Source, Recharge, and Occurrence of Ground Water 49
Movementand Discharge of Ground Water 49
Chemical Quality. 50
HydraulicProperties ofthe Aquifer. 50
Well Construction 50
vi