Table Of Content

HA SL.x'QC i/3 Vl/>SS. Your Guide to Job Prospects in IVIassacliusetts ^ Division of Employment ^^^A andTraining 1 The Massachusetts Job Outlook: an overview of major job trends By 2005, the Massachusetts economy is projected to generate 374,000 new jobs, a growth rate of 12 percent, from 3,123,000 in 1994 to 3,497,000 in 2005. An additional 760,000 jobs will result from the need to replace workers who retire, move up the career ladder, change careers, return to school, or leave the labor force. In total, over 1.1 millionjobs should result from both economic growth and the need to replace workers. What occupations will grow rapidly and have the largest numerical increase in employment, or offer the most replacements opportunities? The mostjobs overall? This bulletin addresses these basic questions and dis- cusses the impact of the projections on education and training. Professional and technical workers together should gain the mostjobs (337,000). They have the best ofboth worlds: 46 percent of all new jobs and 22 percent of all replacement jobs. Service workers claim the second largest number ofjob openings (230,000) due to their high turnover and because much of the work they — — perform such as cooking and cleaning cannot be automated. They should surpass clerical workers as the second largest group ofjob holders. Marketing and sales workers should net the third largest number ofjob openings (167,000), followed by clerical workers (129,000). Although each should capture the same number of replacementjobs, marketing and sales workers should gain many more newjobs than clerical workers (48,600 vs. 7,000). The impact of office automation will limit the growth 1 out of 3 Jobs Will Result from of many clerical jobs. Growth and Replacement Managerial and administrative workers should gain 111,000 jobs overall 3,497,000 — or 10 percent of the total a share equal to the proportion ofjobs they now hold. Even as corporations restructure, more skilled managers will Replacements be needed to provide direction to the state's expanding number of new businesses. Operators, fabricators and laborers and precision production workers Employed — insame should gain a total of 86,000 and 74,000 jobs respectively the bulk of Occupation which should arise from replacements. However, these levels will not maintain these workers share of total employment in Massachusetts, and by 2005 precision production workers and operators, fabricators and laborers should account for a smaller share ofjobs than they do now. 1 Job Market Dynamics Jobopeningsarisefrombothincreased Distribution of Massachusetts' Projected Jobs demand forworkersduetoeconomic growth and theneed to replacework- NewJobs: 373,700 Replacements: 760,000 TotalJobs: 1.1 million ers. MostjobsinMassachusettswill arisefromtheneed toreplaceworkers. By2005, replacementneedsareex- pected toaccountfor22percentof Massachusetts'3.5milliontotaljobs whilegrowthwillaccountfor11 percent. However, fast growing occupations, especially those that result from new Operators technologies, generally offerbetter opportunities for advancement. Here in brief is an overview ofMassachusetts group wherejobs that do not generally Professional and technical occupa- job growth and replacementneeds. require formal education and training, tions will still generate the greatest are projected to grow faster thanaver- number ofreplacementjobsbecause of age. the overall size of this group. Job Growth Office and factory automation will Replacementneeds are generally the Projectedjob growth in Massachu- limitjob growth in many clerical and greatest in occupations such as retail setts will vary widely among occupa- precision and production occupations. sales and food service which employa tions, ranging as high as 101 percent Nevertheless, thousands ofnewjob high percentage ofyoung and part- for systems analysts. In general, occu- opportimities should arise. time workers who are more likely to pations that are growing the fastest change occupations before settling and adding the most newjobs will re- Replacement Needs into a career path. quire higher levels ofeducation and training. Jobs will continue to exist in most Clerical workers should gain over tsiivvDeeulyienhdtiuogstthhrmeieiCsxoamonfmdoknnthwoeewalinlectdrghee'assiinnrtegelnad--e- nirneedceuedsitvtreoiaerseppralonamcdoetowicoocrnuk,paeltreisaovwneshtodhuereetitroe,the oc1fe2n1at,ll0o0rf0etprhleeappclreaomcjeeenmctetsnetdcjonomebpwsaorjroebd1s.6tpoe2rcpeenrt- mand for hardware and software engi- workforce or leave for other reasons. Replacement needs will become neers, systems analysts, nurses, thera- For every new job due to growth, more apparent in the coming years as pists and other health and computer there willbe twojobs resulting from increasing numbers ofbabyboomers specialists, managerial and profes- replacement needs. However, in the retire from the workplace. sional and technical workers should professional and technical group, gain three out offive projected new where there is a substantial time and jobs. investment in education and training, Service workers—e.g. waiters and the number ofopenings due to growth waitresses, chefs and cooks—should will equal the number ofopenings due net the second largest number ofnew to replacement. jobs. This is the only occupational Rankings of Specific provide large number ofnew jobs, but few replacementjobs. Other occupa- Occupations tions like elementary school teachers Table 1 identifies the specific occupa- will provide thousands of replace- tions thathave the fastest growth, the mentjobs, but few newjobs. Conse- mostnewjobs, the most replacements quently, an occupation that is pro- and the mostjobs overall. It is impor- jected to grow slowly or decline may tant to notice the difference in the still provide large numbers ofjobs rankings. Employment ofsystems ana- overall because ofreplacement needs. lysts is projected to grow rapidly and Table 1: Rankings of Specific Occupations FASTESTGROWING MOSTNEWJOBS MOSTREPLACEMENTS MOSTJOBSOVERALL SystemsAnalysts SystemsAnalysts Salespersons,Retail Salespersons, Retail HomeHealthAidesandHomemakers Registered Nurses Cashiers Cashiers HumanServicesWorkers HomeHealthAidesandHomemakers WaitersandWaitresses WaitersandWaitresses ComputerEngineers Salespersons, Retail Seniorand Mid-LevelManagers SeniorandMid-LevelManagers Physicaland OccupationalTherapyAssistants Seniorand Mid-LevelManagers GeneralOfficeClerks Registered Nurses Economists WaitersandWaitresses Secretaries, ExceptLegalandMedical SystemsAnalysts PhysicalTherapists Cashiers CounterAttendants. Lunchroom Secretaries, ExceptLegalandMedical Paralegals NursingAidesandOrderlies Marketingand SalesSupervisors MarketingandSalesSupervisors Medical RecordsTechnicians ComputerEngineers JanitorsandCleaners JanitorsandCleaners DentalAssistants JanitorsandCleaners Registered Nurses GeneralOfficeClerks DentalHygienists HumanServicesWorkers Bookkeeping,Accounting,AuditClerks HomeHealthAidesandHomemakers OccupationalTherapists MarketingandSalesSupervisor ClericalSupervisors ClericalSupervisors EmploymentInterviewers Receptionistsand InformationClerks SecondarySchoolTeachers NursingAidesandOrderlies SecuritiesandFinancialSalesAgents Guards BankTellers Receptionistsand InformationClerks MedicalAssistants ClericalSupervisors SalesFloorStockClerks SecondarySchoolTeachers CorrectionOfficers Financial Managers ElementarySchoolTeachers FinancialManagers NurseryandGreenhouseManagers&Workers SecuritiesandFinancialSalesAgents NursingAidesandOrderlies Guards BillandAccountCollectors Preschooland KindergartenTeachers Hand Packersand Packagers GeneralMaintenanceRepairers Amusementand RecreationAttendants FoodServiceand Lodging Managers General Maintenance Repairers HumanServicesWorkers ComputerServiceTechnicians Lawyers AccountantsandAuditors ResidentialCounselors Financial Managers GeneralMaintenanceRepairers PolicePatrolOfficers Secretaries,ExceptLegaland Medical Receptionistsand InformationClerks Licensed Practical Nurses Physicians Education and Training Impact Through 2005,job opportunities will Another 12 percent ofprojected new Defining and Using tlie continue to exist for all levels of edu- jobs should require post-secondary Education and Training cation and training. However, the de- education, but less than a bachelor's mand for skilled and educated work- degree. Included in this training cat- Requirements ers will increase faster than the de- egory are jobs for registered nurses, Categories mand for less skilled workers. More- LPNs, computer equipment repairers, over, skill levels for alljobs will rise as legal and medical secretaries and ra- Itis importantto remember that there the workplace becomes more complex diologic technicians. See Table 2 on ismore than one way toqualify fora and integrated with the global page 6 for a listing of specific occupa- job, and education and training re- economy. tions having the fastest growth and quirementscanvary fromoneem- the most new jobs within each em- ployertoanother. Registered nurses, In terms ofnew jobs being created, ployment and training category. forexample,mayobtain theirtraining occupations that require an associate's inbachelor's degreeand diploma pro- degree or higher are projected to grow Insummary, education and training grams, although mostinMassachu- the fastest and account for the most willbecomeevenmore importantin setts are trained inassociate'sdegree newjobs. For example, of the 374,000 theMassachusettsworkplace. Dueto programs. Since manyregistered projected new jobs, two out offive replacementneeds,jobs willcontinue nurses alsoobtain theirtraining in will require a bachelor's degree or tobeavailableatalllevelsofeducation bachelordegreeprograms, employ- higher. and training,butworkerswithmore mentgrowthintheassociate'sdegree Occupations that donot require for- educationandtrainingwillhavemore category maybesomewhatoverstated. mal education and training and hence optionsintheemergingeconomyand Theeducation and training require- cfaenwbdeaylseaorrnewdeeiknsa,sahnodrto-tbitmaei,nei.de. a breetetrelrapdrdoesrpaecntdsefaorrnriinsginhgiughpetrhseaclaa-- mreelnattectahteegiomrpioerstaarnecgeuoifdeedsutcoahteilopnyaonud fairly easily, will account for the sec- ries. However,workersatalllevelsof trainingtospecific occupations. Below ond largestnumber ofnewjobs (28 educationand trainingwillbere- aredescriptions ofeach oftheeduca- percent). Since manyjobs in this cat- quired toupgradetheirskills tokeep tional and trainingcategories. pacewithchangesintechnology. egory turnover fairly frequently, jobs at the lowest training level will con- First Professional Degree tinue to account for the most overall (e.g. M.D., J.D.) openings. (See chart on page 5.) This degree is the minimum prepara- tion required to practice law, medi- Although the overall pattern of Mas- cine, or dentistry or enter the clergy. sachusettsjob growth is weighted to- wards occupations that require a Distribution of Projected New Jobs by Education and Training bachelor's degree or higher, large numbers ofnew jobs will be created Doctoral2% PostSecondary pAsAssosncriiaatipe'ss that require less formal educahon and Voc.Ed.— I WorkExp.plus training. For example, occupations WorkExp Bachelor's that require formal on-the-job training Mod/Long-term or related work experience such as Training Bachelor'sor Bachelor's those for security analysts, police of- Higher ficers and detectives, electricians, cost estimators, and food service and lodg- Short-term ings managers, account for 18 percent Training Master's6% of the projected new jobs. 1stProfessional7% Only 8 ofthe 730 occupations, ac- Employment in Massachusetts by Occupation counting for 1.5 percent ofMassachu- setts employment, require this level of training. 1994 2005 Doctoral degree. Theseoccupationsareprimarilyin academiaandthephysical,biological, andsocialsciencesandrequireatleast 3yearsoffull-hmeacademicworkbe- yondthebachelor'sdegree.Theseoc- cupationsaccountfor 1.3percentof Professional Managerial Sales Clerical Service Precision Operators &Technical Prod.Workers Massachusettsemploymentcompared toonly0.8percentofthenation's,consis- and require two years offull-time aca- Work-experience in a related ' tentwithMassachusetts'higherconcen- demic work after high school. Atotal occupation. trationofcollegesanduniversities. of26 occupations, accounting for over Primarily centered in supervisory or 142,000jobs or 4.6 percent of Massa- managerial occupations,jobs in this Work experience, plus a chusetts employment, require this category require skills and experience bachelor's or higher degree. level of training. thathavebeen developed in another These occupations are primarily cen- occupation or the Armed Forces. This tered in management and are filled category accounts for 8 percent of the Post-secondary vocational with experienced staffpromoted into Commonwealth's employment and training. management, such as engineers who includes fast growingjobs for costesti- The length and type oftraining varies advance to engineering manager. In mators who have prior work experi- for occupations in this category. Some Massachusetts, 8 percent of thejobs ence in one of the construction trades training lasts only a few weeks while require this level ofeducation and others may last more than a year. In and lawn service managers who may training. Due to the concentration of behiredbased on their experience as others, a license is required after com- Massachusetts high tech industries, groundskeepers. pleting the training and passing an this proportion exceeds the 6.5 percent exam. Atotal of32 occupations require U.S. average. this type oftraining, and account for 6 Long-term on-the-job training. percent of totaljobs. This category includes occupations Bachelor's degree. Miiiimum training requirements for Job Growth and Total Openings by Education and Training these occupations found mostly in professional areas include 4 years of PercentChange in Growthand Replacement Employment JobOpenings full-time academic work after high 1994-2005 (inthousands) school. Approximately 13 percent of 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 100 200 300 400 500 Massachusettsjobs require a Bachelor'sDegreeorHigher bachelor's degree compared to 11 per- Associate's VocationalEd.Training cent in the U.S. WorkExperience Long-termTraining Associate's degree. Moderate-termTraining Most occupations in this category are Short-termTraining related to health and law professions Growth ;. Replacement 5 that generally require more than 12 Moderate length on-the-job Short-term on-the-job training. months ofon-the-job training or com- training. This is the largest employment cat- bined work experience and formal This category includes 192 occupa- egory with over 1.1 million jobs or 36 classroom instruction before workers tions where workers can achieve aver- percent ofthe Massachusetts total. It develop the skills needed for average agejob performance after 1 to 12 includes occupations where workers job performance. Included arejobs for months of combined on-the-job expe- can generally achieve averagejob per- electricians, bricklayers, and machin- rience and informal training, which formance injust a few days or weeks ists that generally require4 years of can include observing experienced by working and observing experi- apprenticeship training. Also included workers. Approximately 12 percent of enced employees andby asking ques- are intensive employer sponsored pro- Massachusettsjobs are in these occu- tions. Included arejobs for cashiers, grams in insurance sales and securi- pations. This type of training is found bank tellers, and receptionists who are ties, for example, that workers must among occupations such as medical central to the daily operations ofmost successfully complete before they can assistants, bookkeepers, and bakers. organizations. begin work. Table 2: Fastest Growing Occupation and New Jobs by Education and Training, 1994-2005 EducationandTraining FastestGrowing MostNewJobs FirstProfessional Degree Lawyers Lawyers Physicians Physicians Clergy Dentists Optometrists Clergy Dentists Optometrists Chiropractors Chiropractors Doctoraldegree BiologicalScientists CollegeandUniversityProfessors MathematiciansandOtherMathScientists BiologicalScientists MedicalScientists MathematiciansandotherMathScientists CollegeandUniversityProfessors MedicalScientists Master'sdegree ManagementAnalysts SocialWorkers,Medicaland Psychiatric OperationsResearchAnalysts ManagementAnalysts Speech PathologistsandAudiologists Psychologists SocialWorkers,Medicaland Psychiatric Counselors Psychologists Speech PathologistsandAudiologists Counselors OperationsResearchAnalysts WorkExperience, plusabachelor'sdegree Engineering,Math,andScienceMgrs. SeniorandMid-levelManagers ArtistsandCommercialArtists FinancialMangers FinancialManagers Marketing,Advertising,andPublicRelationsManagers Marketing,Advertising,and PublicRelationsMgrs. Engineering, MathandScienceManagers Personnel,Training, LaborRelationsMgrs. ArtistsandCommercialArtists Senior& Mid-levelManagers Personnel,Training, LaborRelationsManagers 6 Table2continued EducationandTraining FastestGrowing MostNewJobs Bachelor'sdegree SystemsAnalysts SystemsAnalysts ComputerEngineers ComputerEngineers Economists ResidentialCounselors PhysicalTherapists AccountantsandAuditors OccupationalTherapists SecondarySchoolTeachers EmploymentInterviewers SpecialEducationTeachers Associate'sdegree Paralegals RegisteredNurses MedicalRecordsTechnicians DentalHygienists DentalHygienists Paralegals RadiologyTechnologists Medical RecordsTechnicians RespiratoryTherapists RadiologyTechnologists Postsecondaryvocationaltraining ComputerServiceTechnicians Secretaries,exc.legalandmedical RadiologyTechnicians Licensed PracticalNurses LegalSecretaries LegalSecretaries IVIedicalSecretaries MedicalSecretaries EmergencyMedicalTechnicians Hairdressersand Hairstylists Licensed PracticalNurses ComputerServiceTechnicians Workexperience NurseryandGreenhouseManagers MarketingandSalesSupervisors LawnServiceManagers ClericalSupervisors ConstructionBuilding Inspectors FoodServiceand Lodging Managers AdultEducation Instructors AdultEducation Instructors FoodServiceandLodgingManagers FirstlineSupervisors,Construction Long-termon-the-jobtraining ElectronicPaginationSystemsWorkers SecuritiesandFinancialSalesAgents Securitiesand FinancialSalesAgents GeneralMaintenanceRepairers CorrectionOfficers CorrectionsOfficers FlightAttendants PolicePatrolOfficers PolicePatrolOfficers Carpenters Heating,A/CRefrigerationMechanics AutomotiveMechanics Moderate-termon-the-jobtraining HumanServicesWorkers HumanServicesWorkers PhysicalandOccupationalTherapyAssistants MedicalAssistants DentalAssistants DentalAssistants MedicalAssistants InstructorsandCoaches,Sports Short-termon-the-jobtraining HomeHealthAidesandHomemakers RetailTradeSalesPersons BillandAccountCollectors HomeHealthAidesand Homemakers Amusementand RecreationAttendants WaitersandWaitresses NurseryWorkers Cashiers TeacherAidesandEducationAssistants NursingAidesandOrderlies 7 Employment by Major Occupational Group, 1994 and projected 2005 NewJobs 1994 2005 Growth Replacement Total OccupationalTitle Employinent Employment Number Rate Openings Openings* Total,AllOccupations 3,123,170 3,496,900 373,730 12.0% 760,050 1,133,780 Executive,AdministrativeandManagerialOccupations 281,630 325,490 43,860 15.6% 66,810 110,670 ProfessionalandTechnicalWorkers 776,470 948,450 171.980 22.1% 164,950 336,930 MarketingandSalesWorkers 391,490 440,150 48,660 12.4% 118,200 166,860 ClericalandAdministrativeSupportOccupations 565,160 572,130 6,970 1.2% 121,700 128,670 ServiceOccupations,includingAgricultural 507,480 592,900 85,420 16.8% 144.320 229,740 Precision Production,Craft andRepair 257,830 272,240 14,410 5.6% 60,120 74,530 Operators,Fabricators,andLaborers 343,110 345,540 2,430 0.7% 83,950 86,380 "Totaljobopeningsrepresentthesumofemploymentincreasesand replacements. For More Information.... This report is the second ofa two-part Ifyou would like more information series examining long-term employ- about these reports or additional data ment trends in Massachusetts. A on specific occupations, please call complementary report,job Trends: Your (617) 626-6562, orwrite the Divisionof Guide tojob Prospects in Massachusetts Employment and Training, Economic Industries, provides information on Research and Analysis Service, demand attributed to industry 19 Staniford St., Boston, MA. 02114. growth. Aseparate publication, Career Moves, profilesjobs in specific occupations, identifying education and training requirements, wages and salaries, and the industries wherejobs are cur- rently found. Printedon recycledpaper Form2040N9/96