Obstetrics by Ten Teachers, 20th Edition PDF
Preview Obstetrics by Ten Teachers, 20th Edition
OBSTETRICS | 20th EDITION by Ten Teachers OBSTETRICS | 20th EDITION by Ten Teachers Edited by Louise C Kenny MBChB (Hons), MRCOG, PhD Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University College Cork Cork, Ireland and Director The Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT) Cork, Ireland Jenny E Myers BMBS, BMedSci (Hons), MRCOG, PhD NIHR Clinician Scientist and Honorary Consultant in Obstetrics Maternal & Fetal Health Research Centre University of Manchester Manchester, UK CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2017 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed on acid-free paper International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-4439-3 (Pack – Book and Ebook) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-4460-7 (Paperback; restricted territorial availability) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. While all reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, neither the author[s] nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publishers wish to make clear that any views or opinions expressed in this book by individual editors, authors or contributors are personal to them and do not necessarily reflect the views/opinions of the publishers. The information or guidance contained in this book is intended for use by medical, scientific or health-care professionals and is provided strictly as a supplement to the medical or other professional’s own judgement, their knowledge of the patient’s medical history, relevant manufacturer’s instructions and the appropriate best practice guidelines. Because of the rapid advances in medical science, any information or advice on dosages, procedures or diagnoses should be independently verified. The reader is strongly urged to consult the relevant national drug formulary and the drug companies’ and device or material manufacturers’ printed instructions, and their websites, before administering or utilizing any of the drugs, devices or materials mentioned in this book. This book does not indicate whether a particular treatment is appropriate or suitable for a particular individual. Ultimately it is the sole responsibility of the medical professional to make his or her own professional judgements, so as to advise and treat patients appropriately. The authors and publishers have also attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. 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Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Dedication This book is dedicated to my sons, Conor and Eamon (LCK) And to my children Owen and Bethan (JEM) Contents Preface Contributors Abbreviations Video resources CHAPTER 1 Obstetric history and examination Louise C Kenny and Jenny E Myers CHAPTER 2 Antenatal care Fergus McCarthy and Lucy C Chappell CHAPTER 3 Normal fetal development and growth Anna L David CHAPTER 4 Assessment of fetal wellbeing Anna L David CHAPTER 5 Prenatal diagnosis Anna L David CHAPTER 6 Antenatal obstetric complications Louise C Kenny CHAPTER 7 Multiple pregnancy Fergus McCarthy CHAPTER 8 Preterm labour Mark R Johnson CHAPTER 9 Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy Louise C Kenny CHAPTER 10 Medical complications of pregnancy Jenny E Myers, David Williams and Louise C Kenny CHAPTER 11 Perinatal infections Jenny E Myers CHAPTER 12 Labour: normal and abnormal Deirdre J Murphy CHAPTER 13 Operative delivery Deirdre J Murphy CHAPTER 14 Obstetric emergencies Fergus McCarthy CHAPTER 15 The puerperium Andrew D Weeks CHAPTER 16 The neonate Mark A Turner Index Preface Obstetrics by Ten Teachers is an iconic text. First published as Midwifery by Ten Teachers in 1917 under the editorship of Comyns Berkley (Obstetric and Gynaecological Surgeon to the Middlesex Hospital), the book is now in its 20th edition and has reached a landmark centenary, cementing its place as one of the oldest, most respected and most popular English language texts on the subject. As editors who were once students and readers of this textbook, we fully appreciate the responsibility of revising a much-loved classic. Befitting of the next century, the book has been almost completely rewritten by ‘Ten Teachers’, all internationally renowned experts in their fields and all intimately involved in the delivery of both undergraduate and postgraduate teaching in the UK and Ireland, to reflect the current undergraduate curriculum. This volume has been edited carefully to ensure consistency of structure, style and level of detail, in common with those of its sister text Gynaecology by Ten Teachers. The books can therefore be used together or independently as required. The aim of the book as detailed in the preface of the first edition, published 100 years ago, still pertains today: This book is frankly written for students preparing for their final examination and in the hope that it will be useful to them afterwards and to others who have passed beyond the stage of examination. Thus, while the 20th edition is written for medical students, we hope that the text retains its relevance for trainee obstetricians, general practitioners, midwives and other health care professionals with an interest in the field. Furthermore, in line with the popularity of this book elsewhere in the world and reflecting the fact that in 2017, the global burden of maternal morbidity and mortality is greatest in low resource settings, the 20th edition includes a global health perspective throughout. It has been a privilege and an honour to be the editors of this textbook as it reaches this important milestone; we echo a century of previous editors in hoping that this book will enthuse a new generation of doctors to become obstetricians and work to make pregnancy and childbirth an even safer and more fulfilling experience. Louise C Kenny Jenny E Myers 2017 Contributors Lucy C Chappell MB BChir, MRCOG, PhD NIHR Research Professor of Obstetrics King’s College London London, UK Anna L David MB ChB (Hons), FRCOG, PhD Professor and Consultant in Obstetrics and Maternal Fetal Medicine and Head of Research Institute for Women’s Health University College London London, UK Mark R Johnson MBBS, MRCP, MRCOG, PhD Professor of Clinical Obstetrics Imperial College School of Medicine Chelsea and Westminster Hospital London, UK Louise C Kenny MBChB (Hons), MRCOG, PhD Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University College Cork and Director The Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT) Cork, Ireland Fergus McCarthy MBBCh, BAO Dip, MSc, MRCPI, MRCOG, PhD Academic Clinical Lecturer King’s College London London, UK Deirdre J Murphy MSc, MD, FRCOG Professor of Obstetrics and Head of Department Trinity College Dublin and Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital Dublin, Ireland Jenny E Myers BMBS, BMedSci(Hons), MRCOG, PhD NIHR Clinician Scientist and Honorary Consultant in Obstetrics Maternal & Fetal Health Research Centre University of Manchester Manchester, UK Mark A Turner BSc, MBChB (Hons), DRCOG, MRCP(UK), MRCPCH, PhD Senior Lecturer in Neonatology University of Liverpool and Honorary Consultant Neonatologist Liverpool Women’s NHS Foundation Trust Liverpool, UK Andrew D Weeks MB ChB, MD, DCH, FRCOG Professor of International Maternal Health University of Liverpool and Honorary Consultant Obstetrician Liverpool Women’s NHS Foundation Trust Liverpool, UK David J Williams MB BS, PhD, FRCP Obstetric Physician Institute for Women’s Health University College London London, UK Abbreviations AA arachidonic acid/arterioarterial AABR automated auditory brainstem response AC abdominal circumference ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme aCL anticardiolipin antibody ACOG American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists ACR American College of Rheumatology ACTH adrenocorticotrophic hormone AED antiepilepsy drug AFI amniotic fluid index AFP alpha-fetoprotein AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ALT alanine aminotransferase AMP adenyl monophospate ANA antinuclear antibody ANNP advanced neonatal nurse practitioner aOR adjusted odds ratio A–P anterior–posterior APH antepartum haemorrhage APS antiphospholipid syndrome ARM artificial rupture of membranes ART antiretroviral therapy AS aortic stenosis AT antithrombin AV arteriovenous AZT azidothymidine, also known as zidovudine (ZDV) BCG bacillus Calmette-Guérin BMI body mass index BPD biparietal diameter bpm beats per minute BPP biophysical profile BV bacterial vaginosis CAP contraction-associated protein CB cerebellum CF cystic fibrosis CFM cerebral function monitoring CHAOS congenital high airways obstruction syndrome CKD chronic kidney disease CLD chronic lung disease (of prematurity) CMV cytomegalovirus CNS central nervous system COX cyclooxygenase CP cerebral palsy CPAP continuous positive airways pressure CPD cephalopelvic disproportion CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation CRH corticotrophin-releasing hormone CRL crown–rump length CRM clinical risk management CRP C-reactive protein CRS congenital rubella syndrome CSE combined spinal–epidural CSF cerebrospinal fluid CT computed tomography CTG cardiotocograph CTPA computed tomography pulmonary angiogram CVP central venous pressure CVS chorion villus sampling D&C dilation and curettage DAT direct antiglobulin testing DDAVP desmopressin DDH developmental dysplasia of the hip DMD Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy/disease-modifying drug DMSA dimercaptosuccinic acid DNA deoxyribonucleic acid DV ductus venosus DVT deep vein thrombosis ECG electrocardiogram ECV external cephalic version EDD estimated date of delivery (a)EEG (amplitude integrated) electroencephalography EF ejection fraction EFM electronic fetal monitoring EFW estimated fetal weight EIA enzyme immunoassay ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay EMQ extended matching question EON examination of the newborn ERCS elective repeat caesarean section ESBL extended spectrum β-lactamase ETT endotracheal tube EUA examination under anaesthesia FBC full blood count FBM fetal breathing movement FBS fetal scalp blood sampling
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