Observing our Hermanos de Armas: U.S. Military Attaches in Guatemala, Cuba and Bolivia, 1950-1964 (Latin American Studies (Routledge (Firm)).) PDF
Preview Observing our Hermanos de Armas: U.S. Military Attaches in Guatemala, Cuba and Bolivia, 1950-1964 (Latin American Studies (Routledge (Firm)).)
Advance Praise for Observing Our Hermanos de Armas: “This well-crafted and path-breaking study carefully reconstructs the roles played by U.S. military and naval attachés in America’s relations with three Latin American nations experiencing coups and revolutions in the 1950s and 1960s.” Peter Karsten, author of The Military in America “This book provides significant new information on the important role of military attachés in Latin America and makes a valuable contribution to the growing comparative literature on U.S. Cold War policies. His chapter on Bolivia lays to rest many of the rumors surrounding the role of Colonel Edward Fox in the coup of 1964.” Kenneth D.Lehman, author of Bolivia and the United States: A Limited Partnership “This book is a very valuable addition to the literature on Washington’s military intelligence capabilities and internal civil-military relations issues during three critically important Cold War movements in Latin America.” Daniel M.Masterson, author of Militarism and Politics in Latin America: Peru from Sanchez Cerro to Sendero Luminoso “One is impressed by the maturity and sophistication of this work, as well as by the extraordinary breadth and depth of the research. The author’s access to hitherto classified materials ensures the reader of fresh information and insights. All of this constitutes a well-organized and clearly written outstanding whole.” Charles D.Ameringer, author of U.S. Foreign Intelligence: The Secret Side of American History “As the United States navigates through the challenges of the twenty-first century, it will need competent military analysts to sift through mountains of information and produce useable assessments. Rob Kirkland’s book is a must-read for anyone concerned about the capabilities of those analysts or involved in educating and training them.” Colonel Robert A.Doughty, author of Warfare in the Western World: Military Operations Since 1871 “This study offers a comparative perspective on U.S. attachés in critical revolutionary situations in Latin America, with new insights derived from sources not usually available to the public. It should become a basic book for students of U.S.-Latin American relations.” Harold D.Sims, author of Sandinista Nicaragua: Pragmatism in a Political Economy in Formation “Kirkland has produced a fine scholarly contribution to the literature on the little understood and often overlooked intelligence role of the nation’s military attachés.” Richard R.Valcourt, Editor in Chief of the International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence L A S ATIN MERICAN TUDIES SOCIAL SCIENCES AND LAW Edited by David Mares University of California, San Diego A R S OUTLEDGE ERIES L A S S S L ATIN MERICAN TUDIES: OCIAL CIENCES AND AW David Mares, General Editor O O H A BSERVING UR ERMANOS DE RMAS: U.S. Military Attaches in Guatemala, Cuba, and Bolivia, 1950–1964 Robert O.Kirkland O O BSERVING UR H A ERMANOS DE RMAS U.S. Military Attachés in Guatemala, Cuba, and Bolivia, 1950–1964 Robert O.Kirkland ROUTLEDGE NEW YORK & LONDON Published in 2003 by Routledge 29 West 35th Street New York, NY 10001 www.routledge-ny.com Published in Great Britain by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE www.routledge.co.uk Copyright © 2003 by Taylor & Francis Books, Inc. This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2004. Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kirkland, Robert O., 1966– Observing our hermanos de armas: U.S. military attaches in Guatemala, Cuba, and Bolivia, 1950–1964/Robert O.Kirkland. p. cm.—(Latin American studies. Social sciences and law) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-415-94784-7 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Military attachés—United States. 2. Military attachés—Latin America. 3. Latin America— History—1948–1980. 4. United States—Military relations—Latin America. 5. Latin America— Military relations—United States. 6. United States—Foreign relations—Latin America. 7. Latin America—Foreign relations—United States. 8. Civil-military relations—Latin America—History– 20th century. I. Title. II. Latin American studies (Routledge (Firm)) III. Series: Latin American studies (Routledge (Firm). Social sciences and law. UB260.K57 2003 355'.0328’097309045—dc21 2003012743 ISBN 0-203-50795-9 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-57789-2 (Adobe eReader) ISBN 0-415-94784-7 (Print Edition) To Victoria and Grace vii Contents Acknowledgments xi Introduction 1 Chapter One The Attaché Corps in the Pre-Cold War Era, 1888–1945 13 Chapter Two The Attachés, Their Duties, Responsibilities, Education, 27 Training, and Attitudes, 1945–1964 Chapter Three U.S. Attachés, Guatemala, and the Overthrow of Jacobo Arbenz, 1950–1954 55 Chapter Four U.S. Attachés and the Cuban Revolution, 1952–1958 77 Chapter Five U.S. Attachés and the Bolivian MNR, 1958–1964 101 Conclusions 125 Appendix One Hypothesis: Why Potential Generals Don’t Want to Be Attachés 131 Appendix Two Expected Levels of Absolute Speaking and Reading 132 Proficiency in Languages Taught at the Foreign Service Institute Appendix Three Absolute Language Proficiency Ratings 133 Notes 135 Bibliography 163 Index 173 ix
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