Object Lessons Object Lessons Th e Novel as a Th eory of Reference jami bartlett Th e University of Chicago Press Chicago and London (cid:2) jami bartlett is Th e University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 associate professor of Th e University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London English at the University © 2016 by Th e University of Chicago of California, Irvine. All rights reserved. Published 2016. Printed in the United States of America 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 1 2 3 4 5 isbn-1 3: 978- 0- 226- 36965-5 (cloth) isbn-1 3: 978- 0- 226- 36979-2 (e- book) doi: 10.7208/chicago/9780226369792.001.0001 An earlier version of chapter 1 fi rst appeared as “Meredith & Ends” in ELH 76, no. 3 (2009): 547–76. © 2009 Th e Johns Hopkins University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Bartlett, Jami, author. Title: Object lessons : the novel as a theory of reference / Jami Bartlett. Description: Chicago ; London : Th e University of Chicago Press, 2016. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifi ers: lccn 2015040307 | isbn 9780226369655 (cloth : alk. paper) | isbn 9780226369792 (e-book) Subjects: lcsh: English fi ction—History and c riticism. | Meredith, George, 1828–1909—Criticism and interpretation. | Th ackeray, William Makepeace, 1811–1863—Criticism and interpretation. | Gaskell, Elizabeth Cleghorn, 1810–1865—Criticism and interpretation. | Murdoch, Iris—Criticism and interpretation. Classifi cation: lcc pr821 .b37 2016 | ddc 823.009–dc23 lc record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015040307 Publication of this book has been aided by a grant from the Bevington Fund. Th is paper meets the requirements of ansi/niso z39.48– 1992 (Permanence of Paper). For Bob Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 1 Meredith & Ends 34 2 Th rowing Th ings in Th ack eray 66 3 Gaskell’s Lost Objects 102 4 Murdoch and the Monolith 122 Notes 155 Bibliography 169 Index 185 Acknowledgments Th is book began at the University of California, Berkeley, where I was lucky enough to meet Kent Puckett. Kent took on the challenge of advising me on this project when it was about something else, and saw it through to publication. More impor- tantly, he showed me how to write about reading with humor and warmth. Th at the book is complex, and that it is fi nished, I owe to him. I am grateful to Catherine Gallagher, Charles Al- tieri, and Michael Lucey for their rigorous engagement with the manuscript and its author at early stages. Th e remarkable work on nineteenth- century literature done by members of my cohort at Berkeley—especially Ryan McDermott, Leslie Walton Mon- stavicius, D. Rae Greiner, and Vlasta Vranjes—kept me engaged with the period while I read around it. Ryan McDermott read the entire manuscript, but even more valuable to me than the generosity of his feedback is the example of his brilliant prose. I believe that C. D. Blanton drafted the last line of the book. Object Lessons found a wealth of insightful readers at the Uni- versity of California, Irvine, each of whom made a signifi cant impact on the shape and character of its argument. Th e mem- bers of my reading group—Andrea Henderson, Michael Szalay, and Richard Godden—did nothing less than make the project a book. Th e stakes of my argument, its contribution to the fi eld,