Obesity Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Treatment: A Multidisciplinary Approach

384 Pages·2014·3.274 MB·English

by  Ahima, Rexford S.

OBESITY EPIDEMIOLOGY,
PATHOGENESIS,
AND TREATMENT
A Multidisciplinary Approach

OBESITY EPIDEMIOLOGY,
PATHOGENESIS,
AND TREATMENT
A Multidisciplinary Approach
Edited by
Rexford S. Ahima, MD, PhD
Apple Academic Press
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ABOUT THE EDITOR
REXFORD S. AHIMA, MD, PhD
Dr. Rexford S. Ahima is a Professor of Medicine at the University of Penn-
sylvania. He received his BSc training at the University of London, MD
at the University of Ghana, and PhD in neuroscience at Tulane Univer-
sity in New Orleans, Louisiana, internship and residency training in inter-
nal medicine at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, and
clinical and research fellowships in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabo-
lism at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical
School, Boston. Dr. Ahima’s research is focused on the actions of adipose
hormones on energy homeostasis, and glucose and lipid metabolism. He
is an elected member of the American Society for Clinical Investigation
(ASCI), and the Association of American Physicians (AAP), and a fellow
of the American College of Physicians (ACP), and The Obesity Society
(TOS).

CONTENTS
Acknowledgment and How to Cite ..................................................xi
List of Contributors .......................................................................xiii
Introduction .................................................................................xxiii
1. Population Trends and Variation in Body Mass Index from 1971
to 2008 in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort ...................1
Jason P. Block, S.V. Subramanian, Nicholas A. Christakis,
and A. James O’Malley
2. Community Energy Balance: A Framework for Contextualizing
Cultural Infl uences on High Risk of Obesity in Ethnic Minority
Populations ................................................................................................19
Shiriki Kumanyika, Wendell C. Taylor, Sonya A. Grier, Vikki Lassiter,
Kristie J. Lancaster, Christiaan B. Morssink, and André M.N. Renzaho
3. A Genome-Wide Association Study on Obesity and Obesity-
Related Traits ............................................................................................57
Kai Wang, Wei-Dong Li, Clarence K. Zhang, Zuoheng Wang, Joseph T. Glessner,
Struan F. A. Grant, Hongyu Zhao, Hakon Hakonarson, and R. Arlen Price
4. Differences between Adiposity Indicators for Predicting
All-Cause Mortality in a Representative Sample of United
States Non-Elderly Adults .....................................................................71
Henry S. Kahn, Kai McKeever Bullard, Lawrence E. Barker,
and Giuseppina Imperatore
5. A New Body Shape Index Predicts Mortality Hazard Independently
of Body Mass Index ................................................................................101
Nir Y. Krakauer and Jesse C. Krakauer
6. Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obesity Phenotypes in the
General Population: The FIN-D2D Survey ..........................................127
Pia Pajunen, Anna Kotronen, Eeva Korpi-Hyövälti, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi,
Heikki Oksa, Leo Niskanen, Timo Saaristo, Juha T. Saltevo, Jouko Sundvall,
Mauno Vanhala, Matti Uusitupa, and Markku Peltonen
viii Contents
7. Liver and Muscle in Morbid Obesity: The Interplay of
Fatty Liver and Insulin Resistance ...................................................... 145
Mariana Verdelho Machado, Duarte M. S. Ferreira, Rui E. Castro, Ana Rita Silvestre,
Teresinha Evangelista, João Coutinho, Fátima Carepa, Adília Costa,
Cecília M. P. Rodrigues, and Helena Cortez-Pinto
8. Sarcopenia Exacerbates Obesity-Associated Insulin Resistance
and Dysglycemia: Findings from the National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey III ....................................................... 175
Preethi Srikanthan, Andrea L. Hevener, and Arun S. Karlamangla
9. Prevalence of Obesity and Associated Cardiovascular Risk:
The DARIOS Study ................................................................................191
Francisco Javier Félix-Redondo, María Grau, José Miguel Baena-Díez,
Irene R. Dégano, Antonio Cabrera de León, Maria Jesús Guembe,
María Teresa Alzamora,Tomás Vega-Alonso, Nicolás R. Robles,
Honorato Ortiz, Fernando Rigo, Eduardo Mayoral-Sanchez, Maria José Tormo,
Antonio Segura-Fragoso, and Daniel Fernández-Bergés
10. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Is a Predictor of Abnormal Glucose
Metabolism in Chronically Sleep Deprived Obese Adults ..................213
Giovanni Cizza, Paolo Piaggi, Eliane A. Lucassen, Lilian de Jonge, Mary Walter,
Megan S. Mattingly, Heather Kalish, Gyorgy Csako,
and Kristina I. Rother, for the Sleep Extension Study Group
11. Cluster Analysis of Obesity and Asthma Phenotypes ..........................233
E. Rand Sutherland, Elena Goleva, Tonya S. King, Erik Lehman,
Allen D. Stevens, Leisa P. Jackson, Amanda R. Stream,
John V. Fahy, and Donald Y. M. Leung
12. Diet, Physical Exercise and Cognitive Behavioral Training as a
Combined Workplace Based Intervention to Reduce Body Weight
and Increase Physical Capacity in Health Care Workers:
A Randomized Controlled Trial ............................................................251
Jeanette R. Christensen, Anne Faber, Dorte Ekner, Kristian Overgaard,
Andreas Holtermann, and Karen Søgaard
13. Reduction in Adiposity, β-Cell Function, Insulin Sensitivity,
and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Prospective Study among
Japanese with Obesity ............................................................................275
Maki Goto, Akemi Morita, Atsushi Goto, Kijo Deura, Satoshi Sasaki, Naomi Aiba,
Takuro Shimbo, Yasuo Terauchi, Motohiko Miyachi, Mitsuhiko Noda,
and Shaw Watanabe, for the SCOP Study Group
Contents ix
14. Bariatric Surgery: The Challenges with Candidate Selection,
Individualizing Treatment and Clinical Outcomes .............................291
K. J. Neff, T. Olbers, and C. W. le Roux
Author Notes ...........................................................................................327
Index ........................................................................................................337