NUTRITIONAL AND THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS FOR DIABETES AND METABOLIC SYNDROME This page intentionally left blank NUTRITIONAL AND THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS FOR DIABETES AND METABOLIC SYNDROME Edited by D B EBASIS AGCHI University ofHoustonCollege of Pharmacy, Houston, TX,USA N S AIR REEJAYAN University ofWyoming School ofPharmacy Laramie, WY, USA AMSTERDAM(cid:129)BOSTON(cid:129)HEIDELBERG(cid:129)LONDON NEWYORK(cid:129)OXFORD(cid:129)PARIS(cid:129)SANDIEGO SANFRANCISCO(cid:129)SINGAPORE(cid:129)SYDNEY(cid:129)TOKYO AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier 32JamestownRoad,LondonNW17BY,UK 225WymanStreet,Waltham,MA02451,USA 525BStreet,Suite1800,SanDiego,CA92101-4495,USA Firstedition2012 Copyright(cid:1)2012ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmittedinanyformor byanymeanselectronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwisewithoutthepriorwritten permissionofthepublisher.PermissionsmaybesoughtdirectlyfromElsevier’sScience&TechnologyRights DepartmentinOxford,UK:phone(+44)(0)1865843830;fax(+44)(0)1865853333;email:permissions@elsevier. com.Alternatively,visittheScienceandTechnologyBookswebsiteatwww.elsevierdirect.com/rightsfor furtherinformation Notice Noresponsibilityisassumedbythepublisherforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasa matterofproductsliability,negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationofanymethods,products, instructionsorideascontainedinthematerialherein.Becauseofrapidadvancesinthemedicalsciences, inparticular,independentverificationofdiagnosesanddrugdosagesshouldbemade BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress ISBN:978-0-12-385083-6 ForinformationonallAcademicPresspublications visitourwebsiteatelsevierdirect.com TypesetbyTNQBooksandJournalsPvtLtd. www.tnq.co.in PrintedandboundinUnitedStatesofAmerica 1213141516 10987654321 Dedicated toMy Beloved and Respected Teacher: ProfessorAmalenduBanerjee Debasis Bagchi This page intentionally left blank Contents 9. Roles of Environmental Pollution and Preface xi Pesticides in Metabolic Syndrome Contributors xv and Diabetes: The Epidemiological I Evidence 111 IVARL.FRITHSEN,CHARLESJ.EVERETT EPIDEMIOLOGY AND 10. Preventing Diabetes with Diet OVERVIEW and Exercise 125 1. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Overview 3 KARENZ.WALKER,KERINO’DEA ANDREAGERARDGONZALEZ,SALEHADI 2. Overview of Type 2 Diabetes 15 II JONATHANPINKNEY,JULIETOMLINSON, TYPES OF DIABETES AND ITS ELIZABETHSTENHOUSE CORRELATION WITH OTHER 3. Pathogenesis of Type 2 DiabetesdA DISEASES Comprehensive Analysis 29 11. The Role of Insulin Resistance in the JEFFUNGER Cardiorenal Syndrome 137 4. Managing the Broad Spectrum of JAYAP.BUDDINENI,ADAMWHALEY-CONNELL, Type 2 Diabetes 43 JAMESR.SOWERS 12. An Overview of Diabetic EVELYNEFLEURY-MILFORT Nephropathy 145 5. Prediabetes: Prevalence, Pathogenesis, KEIFUKAMI,SHO-ICHIYAMAGISHI and Recognition of Enhanced Risk 57 13. An Overview of Diabetes and ALOKK.GUPTA,AJAYMENON,MEGHANBRASHEAR, WILLIAMD.JOHNSON Ocular Health 159 6. Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in Youths: SHINTARONAKAO,YASUAKIHATA New Challenges to Overcome 77 14. An Overview of Diabetic NICOLASANTORO,COSIMOGIANNINI,SONIACAPRIO Retinopathy 177 7. Diabetes Pathophysiology: A Nutritional STEPHENG.SCHWARTZ,HARRYW.FLYNN,JR. Perspective 89 15. Role of Peripheral Neuropathy in the Development of Foot Ulceration and KEVINJ.ACHESON Impaired Wound Healing in Diabetes 8. Diabetes Mellitus: A Nursing Mellitus 185 Perspective 103 FRANCESCOTECILAZICH,THANHL.DINH, ANNN.JESSUP ARISTIDISVEVES vii viii CONTENTS 16. An Overview of Gestational V Diabetes 195 PREVENTION AND CHRISTOPHERFEDERICO,GABRIELLAPRIDJIAN TREATMENT 1: DIET, EXERCISE, SUPPLEMENTS AND III ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 24. Antioxidants, Healthy Diet, and Diabetes: MOLECULAR INSIGHTS OF Oxidative Stress and Nutrition in DIABETES AND METABOLIC Diabetes 299 SYNDROME DARIOPITOCCO,FRANCESCAMARTINI, 17. GeneeEnvironment Interaction in FRANCESCOZACCARDI,GIOVANNIGHIRLANDA the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes 211 25. Molecular Mechanisms of Diabetes KIAN-PENGGOH Prevention by Structurally Diverse 18. Epigenetics in the Pathophysiology Antioxidants 315 of Type 2 Diabetes 225 LUCYNAA.WOZNIAK,KATARZYNACYPRYK, CHARLOTTELING MARZENAWOJCIK 19. Targeting the Metabolic Syndrome 26. Cardioprotective Roles of Selenium and Type 2 Diabetes by Preventing in Diabetes 331 Inflammation 233 BELMATURAN,GUYVASSORT AMINARDESTANI,LUANSHU,KATHRINMAEDLER 27. Exercise and Physical Activity in the 20. Interleukin-18 in Metabolic Syndrome Prevention of Diabetes and Metabolic and Diabetes 253 Syndrome 341 MARIUSTRØSEID,HARALDARNESEN,INGEBJØRG SELJEFLOT CHERIL.GOSTIC,DAWNBLATT 28. An Overview on Nutraceuticals and Herbal Supplements for Diabetes and IV Metabolic Syndrome 355 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WADIEI.NAJM 21. Sleep, Hypertension, and Diabetes 267 29. Therapeutic Effect of Fucoxanthin on MICHELLEA.MILLER,FRANCESCOP.CAPPUCCIO Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 22. Roles of Pancreatic Cell Functions, Diabetes 367 Liver, Skeletal Muscle, and Adipose KAZUOMIYASHITA,SHOWNISHIKAWA, Tissues in Diabetes and Metabolic MASASHIHOSOKAWA Syndrome 279 30. Beneficial Effects of Chromium(III) and BEVERLYS.MU¨HLHA¨USLER Vanadium Supplements in Diabetes 381 23. Liver Disease: A Neglected Complication JOHNB.VINCENT of Diabetes Mellitus 289 31. Role of n-6 and n-3 Polyunsaturated MARCOARRESE,JUANPABLOARAB,JUANPABLO Fatty Acids in Type 2 Diabetes 393 ARANCIBIA,ROBERTOCANDIA,ARNOLDORIQUELME, FRANCISCOBARRERA JOSEE.GALGANI,PAMELAROJAS CONTENTS ix 32. Effects of Supplemental Fiber in Type 2 37. Antidiabetic Drugs for Elderly Diabetes Mellitus 405 Population 475 CANDISM.MORELLO,SARAHA.BAJOREK RAFFAELAMARFELLA,GIUSEPPEPAOLISSO 33. The Effects of Resveratrol on Diabetes and Obesity 413 VII JUANA.SANCHEZ,MAHESHTHIRUNAVUKKARASU, DIABETES IN ANIMALS AND NILANJANAMAULIK TREATMENT 34. Meal Plans for Diabetics: Caloric Intake, 38. Diabetes Mellitus in Animals: Diagnosis Calorie Counting, and Glycemic andTreatmentofDiabetesMellitusinDogs Index 431 and Cats 487 PAULINMOSZCZYNSKI,JANA.RUTOWSKI DEBORAHS.GRECO 35. Ayurveda and Metabolic Diseases: The 39. Overview of Diabetes Treatment in Whole is Greater than the Sum of the Animals 499 Parts 443 ERICAL.REINEKE AMRUTESHPURANIK,BHUSHANPATWARDHAN Appendix VI Living With Diabetes: A Running PREVENTION AND Commentary 513 TREATMENT 2: DRUGS AND Index 515 PHARMACEUTICALS Color Plates 36. The Evolution of Glucose-Lowering Drugs for Type 2 Diabetes 459 ANDREWJ.KRENTZ,ALANJ.SINCLAIR
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