Nutrition education material to address iron deficiency anemia in Kenya PDF
Preview Nutrition education material to address iron deficiency anemia in Kenya
SSaann JJoossee SSttaattee UUnniivveerrssiittyy SSJJSSUU SScchhoollaarrWWoorrkkss Master's Theses Master's Theses and Graduate Research 2008 NNuuttrriittiioonn eedduuccaattiioonn mmaatteerriiaall ttoo aaddddrreessss iirroonn ddeefificciieennccyy aanneemmiiaa iinn KKeennyyaa Patricia Kakunted San Jose State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses RReeccoommmmeennddeedd CCiittaattiioonn Kakunted, Patricia, "Nutrition education material to address iron deficiency anemia in Kenya" (2008). Master's Theses. 3549. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.xdx7-hqmm https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/3549 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Master's Theses and Graduate Research at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NUTRITION EDUCATION MATERIAL TO ADDRESS IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN KENYA A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Packaging San Jose State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science by Patricia Kakunted August 2008 UMI Number: 1459707 Copyright 2008 by Kakunted, Patricia All rights reserved. INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ® UMI UMI Microform 1459707 Copyright 2008 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 E. Eisenhower Parkway PO Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ©2008 Patricia Kakunted ALL RIGHTS RESERVED APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF NUTRITION, FOOD SCIENCE AND PACKAGING (jj&li& 6 JlMfrfe&l**— Clarie B. Hollenbeck, PhD, Thesis Advisor Lucy McProud, PhD, RD, Department Chair (jljAsSuJUh Cade Fields-Gardner, MS, RDyLD, CD Director of Services, The Cutting Edge APPROVED FOR THE UNIVERSITY vH ABSTRACT NUTRITION EDUCATION ON IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN KENYA, AFRICA by Patricia Kakunted This study tested nutrition educational materials designed to improve the ability to identify indigenous food sources of heme and non-heme, vitamin C, as well as proper cooking methods to increase bioavailability of these nutrients, to assist in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in Kenya, Africa. Pre/posttest questionnaires were used to assess change in knowledge among 80 participants including patients with HIV/AIDS, community health care workers, and nurses from three communities in Kenya (Voi, Mombassa, and Nairobi). The result demonstrated that 80% of the participants had knowledge of iron-rich foods, 48% of vitamin C rich-foods, and 32% of proper cooking method to maximize iron absorption. Although individuals had knowledge of iron-rich food sources, they had considerable less information on sources of vitamin C and almost no knowledge of cooking methods. Nutrition education materials/sessions should focus more on vitamin C rich food sources and proper cooking methods to retain nutrients. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Sincere thanks to my academic committee: Clarie Hollenbeck, PhD.; Cade Fields- Gardner, MS, RD, LD, CD; and Lucy McProud, PhD., RD. Dr. Hollenbeck, thanks for all the advice, wisdom, encouragement, and support. I could not have accomplished this without your support. Dr. McProud, whose support and contribution to this thesis is very much appreciated. Cade Fields-Gardner, for contributing significantly to this project and to the Nutrition and Food Science Department at San Jose State University. Your patience and vision to make the world a better place will change many lives. Thanks to my family for their infinite encouragement and understanding, especially Richard B. Gwananji for his endless support and love throughout my educational accomplishment. To Janet N. Gwananji, who inspired and instilled the values of education in me by placing herself as a good role model. Thanks to Judith N. King, whose unconditional support and love gave me so much encouragement. I thank my parents, especially my mother Fogam Najela Emerencia, who fought hard for my success. To all my friends: Dr. Nubia Kristen Kaba, Dr. Gabriel Asongwe, Dr. & Mrs. Martin Kwende, Dr. Charles Njinda, whose support and contribution towards my educational achievement will never be forgotten. v PREFACE The journal article was written and formatted according to the publication guidelines outlined by the Journal of the American Dietetic Association. The remainder of the project was written according to the publication manual of the American Psychological Association 5th edition, 2001. VI Table of Contents List of Tables CHAPTER I: Introduction and Review of the Literature Introduction Review of the Literature Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia Global Statistics on HIV/AIDS HIV and Anemia Strategies for Treating Iron Deficiency (ID) and Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) Blood Transfusion Iron Supplementation Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) Dietary Intervention Research Questions and Hypothesis Objective Theoretical Perspective/Conceptual Framework CHAPTER II: Journal Article Title page Abstract Introduction vii Page Methods 18 Results and Discussion 18 Conclusion 21 Acknowledgements 22 References 23 CHAPTER III: Summary and Recommendations 26 Summary and Recommendations 27 References 29 Appendixes 38 Appendix A. Institutional Review Board Approval: San Jose State University 39 Appendix B. Consent Form in Kiswahili 40 Appendix C. Consent Form in English 42 Appendix D. Letter of Collaboration from Marquette University 44 Appendix El. Pretest/Posttest Questionnaire for Nurses: English 45 Appendix E2. Pretest/Posttest Questionnaire for Patients and Community 47 Healthcare Workers: English Appendix E 3. Pretest/Posttest Questionnaire for Patient and Community 49 Healthcare Workers: Kiswahili Appendix Fl. Pamphlet on Iron Deficiency Anemia: English 51 Appendix F2. Pamphlet on Iron Deficiency Anemia: Kiswahili 53 vm
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