Nutrition and Psychiatric Disorders (Nutritional Neurosciences) PDF
Preview Nutrition and Psychiatric Disorders (Nutritional Neurosciences)
Nutritional Neurosciences Wael Mohamed Firas Kobeissy Editors Nutrition and Psychiatric Disorders Nutritional Neurosciences SeriesEditor MohamedEssa,SultanQaboosUniversity,Qaboos,Oman This book series aims to publish volumes focusing on both basic and clinical researchinthefieldofnutritionalneurosciencewithafocusondelineatingtheeffect of nutrition on brain function and behavior. The books will examine the role of different nutrients, food agents and supplements (both macro and micro) on brain health,neurodevelopment,neurochemistry,andbehaviour.Thebookswillexamine the influence of diet, including phytochemicals, antioxidants, dietary supplements, food additives, and other nutrients on the physiology and metabolism of neurons, neurotransmittersandtheirreceptors,cognition,behavior,andhormonalregulations. Thebookswillalsocover theinfluenceofnutrients anddietarysupplements on the management of neurological disorders. It details the mechanism of action of phytonutrientsonsignalingpathwayslinkedwithproteinfolding,aggregation,and neuroinflammation. The books published in the series will be useful for neurosci- entists, nutritionists, neurologists, psychiatrists, and those interested in preventive medicine. (cid:129) Wael Mohamed Firas Kobeissy Editors Nutrition and Psychiatric Disorders Editors WaelMohamed FirasKobeissy BasicMedicalScienceDepartment, DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecular KulliyyahofMedicine Genetics InternationalIslamicUniversityMalaysia AmericanUniversityofBeirut (IIUM) Beirut,Lebanon Kuantan,Pahang,Malaysia ISSN2730-6712 ISSN2730-6720 (electronic) NutritionalNeurosciences ISBN978-981-19-5020-9 ISBN978-981-19-5021-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5021-6 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSingapore PteLtd.2022 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseof illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors, and the editorsare safeto assume that the adviceand informationin this bookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Indeeprespectandwithtruelove,Iwouldlike todedicatethisbooktomybestfriend,forever and always, MYSELF. Wael Mohamed Pahang Malaysia To my mentor and colleague, the chair of the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsattheAmericanUniversityofBeirut, Professor Julnar Usta, whose honesty and knowledge touch the heart and mind of everyone working with her, I dedicate this humble work. Firas Kobeissy Beirut Lebanon Foreword Ourunderstandingoftheroleofnutritioninmentalhealthcontinuestoexpand.This bookstandsoutindescribingtheintricaterelationshipbetweenfoodandthecentral nervoussystembyexploringthemostrecentresearchabouttheeffectsofnutrition on psychiatric disorders. The food we eat impacts our brain and how we feel. Nutritional patterns may improve or worsen our mood and sense of well-being. A healthy diet, particularly a traditional Mediterranean diet, appears to confer some level of protection against depression. Certain nutritional deficiencies or excesses mightexacerbatepsychiatricsymptoms,whereasanadequatedietcanhelpbalance theadverseeffectsofcertainmedications. Thevagusnerveconnectsthegutandbrain,actingasthemainmodulatorofthe gut-brain axis. Along with the human microbiome, the gut-brain axis provides insights into the connection between diet and disease, whether it is an organic or psychiatric illness. From this perspective, nutritional psychiatry is a novel research area and an emerging opportunity for clinical intervention in the treatmentofpsychiatricdisorders. This book brings together the work of experts in the field of psychiatry and highlightswhatisknownabouttherolesoffoodandnutritioninmentalhealth.The first volume elaborates on basic concepts and research, discussing the role of nutrition in brain functioning, the nutrition and modulation of cognition and emo- tions, how specific diets can affect the treatment of neuropsychiatric injuries, the impactofmalnutritiononbraindevelopment,andhownutritionimpactsneurotrans- mitterfunctioning,andlastlyprovidesinsightsonnutritionalomicsinschizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease. The second volume of this book is clinically oriented, looking at the intersection between nutrition and specific psychiatric disorders, specifically discussing the role of zinc in depression and its treatment, nutrition and depression, nutrition and obsessive-compulsive disorder, caffeine and mental health, chocolate consumption and mental health, food addiction, nutrition and anxiety disorders, nutrition and substance use disorders, and lastly nutrition and schizophrenia. The two volumes cover both basic and translational research on nutritionandmentalhealth. vii viii Foreword This unique book presents a solid foundation for scholars and practitioners interested in the intertwining aspects of psychiatric disorders and nutrition. It is mygreathonortobepartofthiswork,whereinDr.Mohamed(MenoufiaUniversity andInternationalIslamicUniversity)andDr.Kobeissy(theAmericanUniversityof Beirut and the University of Florida) have gathered to deliver one of the most updated presentations on nutritional psychiatry. By providing a state-of-the-art summary of the role of food in brain function and mental health, this book seeks tocontributetoandimpacttheclinicalmanagementofourpatients.Thisbookoffers a timely comprehensive review for basic scientists, graduate and medical students, clinicalresearchers,andmedicalandmentalhealthprofessionalswithaninterestin nutritionalpsychiatry. DepartmentofPsychiatryand SamerElHayek,MD BehavioralSciences, UniversityofMiami–JacksonHealth System,Miami,FL,USA Preface “Tostudythephenomenonofdiseasewithoutbooksistosailanunchartedsea,whileto studybookswithoutpatientsisnottogotoseaatall” WilliamOsler(1849–1919) Recently,theimpactofnutritionandfoodintakehasbeenhighlyinvestigatedto studyitsimpactonourbrainfunctionanditsdevelopmentasitwasshownthatthe diet we take will determine the outcome of certain brain disorders, such as brain injury and stroke. Along with its effects on cardiovascular diseases and cancer development, nutrition and diet have been shown to be involved in preserving our mental cognitive function and behavior. Recent studies have implicated the devel- opment or exacerbation of certain neuropsychiatric disorders to imbalance in our nutritionalintakeanddiet,suchasthedevelopmentofobsessive-compulsivedisor- der(OCD),bipolardisorder,depression,andschizophrenia. These findings have been driven by the revolutionary application of different “omics”fieldsanditsapplicationtothestudyofthecentralnervoussystem(CNS), which broadened our understanding of fundamental neurobiological processes and has enabled the identification of proteins and pathways related to the complex molecularmechanismsunderlyingvariousdiseasesoftheCNS.Infact,thefieldof proteomics has a subdiscipline of “psychoproteomics” that evaluates the role of protein alterations in neuropsychiatric disorders. In addition, the fields of metabolomicsandmicrobiomeassessmenthavestudiedtheroleofthegutserotonin secretion and how its implication by “good” bacteria is contributing to our sleep cycle,moods,andpain.Surveyingtheliterature,wehavenoticedthatthereisahuge gap in knowledge that discusses psychiatric health and the role of nutrition in modulating its development. We are not implying that changes to our daily diet maybeanalternativesubstituteformentalhealthintervention,suchasmedicationor psychoanalysis; however, what we aim from this work is to highlight the role of healthydietandsoundnutritioninalleviatingcertainpsychiatricsymptoms.Coming from the background in the areas of neuropsychiatric health research, the editors (Drs. Mohammed and Kobeissy) decidedto collaborate with other colleagues with expertise in areas of psychiatric disorders and nutrition to have a comprehensive ix x Preface book entitled “Nutrition and Psychiatric Disorders,” which includes 16 chapters dividedintotwosections. Inthefirst section, entitled“Food,Brain Function, andBehavior,”we havesix chapters that describe various outcomes and effects of nutrition on brain functions (HebaMansour)andcognitiveandemotionalchanges(RasoulGhasemi)aswellas describethedifferentkindsofdietsandtheircrosstalktodiseaseoutcomes(Fatima Dakroub). This section continues to evaluate the effect of malnutrition on brain development (Pranshul Sethi) and how neurotransmitter changes are implicated in dietintake(SumitKumar).Thissectionisconcludedbydiscussingtheroleofomics and its role in assessing changes in schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease (Sumit Kumar). The second section of the book focuses on nutrition-psychiatric disorder cross talk. We are excited to have a number of chapters that dissect how nutrition imbalance, whether vitamins, caffeine, and carbs, would modulate several known neuropsychiatric disorders. In the first chapter, we discuss the zinc relation to depression levels (Samer El Hayek). In the next chapter, nutrition and depression (Ramdas Ransing) are evaluated in terms of mechanisms and interaction; this is followedbyanelegantchapterbyDr.SamerElHayeketal.,wheretheyelaborateon nutritionaldeficiencyanditsrelationtoobsessive-compulsivedisorder.Otherareas ofdiscussionareintroducedinvolvingfoodaddictionandcraving,whereDr.Ahmed Radwandiscussestheroleofcaffeine,mentalwell-being,andpsychiatricdisorders. Interestingly,thefollowingchapterdiscussesthebiopsychologyofchocolatecrav- ing(LauraOrsolini)followedbyanotheroverviewchapterdiscussingfoodaddiction (SamerElHayek).Thissectionisconcludedwiththreechaptersdiscussingnutrition in relation to anxiety disorders (Ramli Musa), substance use disorders (Zehra Batool),andfinallynutritionandschizophrenia(HebaMansour). Overall, this new book provides updated and novel concepts in the field of psychiatry and its relation to the food intake. The new compilation will be of high interest among researchers and clinical scientists involved in psychiatry, nutrition, andbiochemistry. Finally, we thank all the authors for their significant effort in writing such excellentchaptersforthisnewedition.Wearealsosincerelygratefultoeachauthor fortheirpatienceduringthecompilationandfinaleditingofthisbook. Pahang,Malaysia WaelMohamed Beirut,Lebanon FirasKobeissy
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