Nutrition and Immunology PDF
Preview Nutrition and Immunology
Nutrition and Immunology Human Nutrition A COMPREHENSIVE TREATISE General Editors: Roslyn B. A/fin-Slater, University of California, Los Angeles David Kritchevsky, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia Volume 1 Nutrition: Pre- and Postnatal Development Edited by Myron Winick Volume 2 Nutrition and Growth Edited by Derrick B. Jelliffe and E. F. Patrice Jelliffe Volume 3A Nutrition and the Adult: Macronutrients Edited by Roslyn B. Alfin-Slater and David Kritchevsky Volume 3B Nutrition and the Adult: Micronutrients Edited by Roslyn B. Alfin-Slater and David Kritchevsky Volume 4 Nutrition: Metabolic and Clinical Applications Edited by Robert E. Hodges Volume 5 Nutrition and Behavior Edited by Janina R. Galler Volume 6 Nutrition, Aging, and the Elderly Edited by Hamish N. Munro and Darla E. Danford Volume 7 Cancer and Nutrition Edited by Roslyn B. A/fin-Slater and David Kritchevsky Volume 8 Nutrition and Immunology Edited by David M. Klurfeld A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher. Nutrition and Immunology Edited by David M. Klurfeld Wayne State University Detroit, Michigan SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC ISSN 0886-6848 ISBN 978-1-4613-6257-9 ISBN 978-1-4615-2900-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-2900-2 © 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Plenum Press, New York 1993 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1993 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 A11 rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher Contributors Adrianne Bendich • Hoffman-LaRoche Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110 John M. Daly • Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Uni versity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 Johanna T. Dwyer • Departments of Medicine and Community Health, Tufts Med ical School and School of Nutrition; Frances Stern Nutrition Center, New England Medical Center Hospitals; and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutri tion Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02130 Kent L. Erickson • Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616 Mark L. Failla • Department of Food, Nutrition, and Food Service Management, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412 G. Fernandes • Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78284 Pamela J. Fraker • Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 Aharon Friedman • Department of Animal Sciences, Hebrew University of Jeru salem, Rehovot, Israel 76-100 Cindy J. Fuller • Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 Beth A. Garvy • Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 S. Halken • Department of Pediatrics, Kolding Hospital, Kolding, Denmark A. Hvst • Department of Pediatrics, S0nderborg, Hospital, S0nderborg, Denmark v vi Contributors Neil E. Hubbard • Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616 S. Husby • Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Den mark Chithan Kandaswami • Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immu nology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203 Louis E. King • Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 David M. Klurfeld • Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202 Solo Kuvibidila • Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112 Carmen A. Medina • Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 Elliott Middleton, Jr. • Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immu nology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203 David Ode • Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Loui siana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112 Joseph R. Prohaska • Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uni versity of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812 H. Paul Redmond • Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 Daphne A. Roe • Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 Adria R. Sherman • Department of Nutritional Sciences, Cook College, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903 Benjamin V. Siegel • Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97201 David Sklan • Department of Animal Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel 76-100 Amanda T. Spear • Department of Nutritional Sciences, Cook College, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903 Jerry W. Spears • Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 Contributors vii Judith R. Stabel • National Animal Disease Center, ARS, United States Depart ment of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa 50010 ]. T. Venkatraman • Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78284 Raj P. Warrier • Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112 Lolie Yu • Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112 Preface Historically, nutrient deficiencies have been of greater concern than dietary excess. However, along with the realization that deaths due to certain diseases are more prevalent in affluent countries came the conclusion that nutritional excess is of equal or greater concern in many nations. Because immunologic reactions may play a role in development of both cancer and atherosclerosis, better understanding of these interre lated phenomena may lead to innovative ideas for control of these diseases. There has been considerable interest in the role various nutrients may play in regulating immunologic responses. This has been especially true as a possible mecha nism by which fat modulates growth of tumors in animals. Likewise, deficiency or excess of a number of other individual nutrients have been linked to altered immune responses. This volume of Human Nutrition-A Comprehensive Treatise details the effects of a number of nutrients on immunity. The first chapter covers questionable and fraudu lent claims linking nutrition and immunity. The next chapter examines several aspects of food allergy. Ensuing chapters focus on specific nutrients such as fat, cholesterol, arginine, vitamins C, A, and E, carotenoids, flavonoids, zinc, iron, copper, and sele nium. There are two chapters on total energy intake affecting immune response, one examining protein-energy malnutrition and the other describing the effects of food restriction in otherwise healthy animals. Although this volume does not attempt to cover all of the nutrients that have been shown to alter immune responses, it does represent an extensive review of our current knowledge in this area. It is hoped that greater appreciation of single nutrient effects and awareness of potential nutrient in teractions in immunologic studies will result from referral to this book. ix Contents Chapter 1 Nutrition, Immunology, and Quackery Johanna T. Dwyer 1 . Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2. Appeals of Questionable Therapies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Reasons for Concern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4. Factors Influencing the Use of Unproven Therapies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5. Evaluating Questionable Claims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 6. Common Forms of Nutritional Immunology Quackery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6.1. Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6.2. HIV and AIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6.3. Arthritis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 6.4. Food Allergies and Intolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 7. Collaboration between Nutritionists and Immunologists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 8. Dietary Counseling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 9. Helpful Steps in Acting to Limit Quackery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Chapter 2 Food Allergy S. Husby, S. Halken, and A. H(Jst I . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2. Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 3. Incidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 4. Clinical Manifestations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 4.1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 4.2. Gastrointestinal Tract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 xi
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