Nutrition and Disease Management for Veterinary Technicians and Nurses

270 Pages·2015·2.55 MB·English

by  Ann Wortinger

Nutrition and Disease Management for
Veterinary Technicians and Nurses

Nutrition
and Disease
Management
for Veterinary
Technicians
and Nurses
SECOND EDITION
By Ann Wortinger and Kara M. Burns
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1 2015
Contents
Preface,vii Section3: FeedingManagementof
DogsandCats
Acknowledgements,ix
AbouttheCompanionWebsite,xi 18 FeedingRegimensforDogsandCats,93
19 BodyConditionScoring,99
Section1: BasicsofNutrition 20 PregnancyandLactationinDogs,103
1 NutrientsandEnergy,3 21 PregnancyandLactationinCats,107
2 Water,9 22 NeonatalPuppiesandKittens,110
3 Carbohydrates,12 23 GrowthinDogs,113
4 Fats,16 24 GrowthinCats,118
5 ProteinandAminoAcids,20 25 AdultMaintenanceinDogs,121
6 Vitamins,24 26 AdultMaintenanceinCats,124
7 Minerals,33 27 FeedingtheHealthyGeriatricDogandCat,128
8 DigestionandAbsorption,38 28 PerformanceandDogs,133
9 EnergyBalance,42 29 NutritionalRequirementsofCats,139
10 NutritionCalculations,48 30 NutritionMyths,144
31 NutritionalSupport,149
Section2: NutritionalRequirements
32 AssistedFeedinginDogsandCats,157
ofDogsandCats
11 HistoryandRegulationofPetFoods,55
Section4: NutritionalManagement
12 PetFoodLabels,59
ofDisease
13 NutrientContentofPetFoods,65
33 NutritionalManagementof
14 TypesofPetFoods,71 GastrointestinalDisorders,169
15 RawFoodDiets:FactversusFiction,76 34 HepaticDisease,175
16 AdditivesandPetFoodPreservatives,80 35 WeightManagement,179
17 HomemadeDiets,85 36 FelineLowerUrinaryTractDisease,186
v
vi Contents
37 Dermatology,192 Section5: FeedingManagementof
OtherSpecies
38 Endocrinology,197
43 Avian,227
39 Cancer,202
44 SmallPetMammals,234
40 RefeedingSyndrome,208
45 Equine,240
41 CardiacDisease,212
42 Musculoskeletal,217 Index,247
Preface
Nutritionisanareaofveterinarymedicinethatisvery fortunatetohaveanumberofveterinarianswhowere
easyforthetechniciantohaveanactiverolein.Many willingtoexplainthepointsIdidn’tunderstand,tocor-
of the commercial food producers have even concen- rectmewhenImisunderstoodaconceptandtodirect
tratedoneducatingtechniciansonnutrition.Thereare metoareasthatImayfindinteresting.Withoutthem,I
nutritiontracksatmostnationalconferences,aswellas wouldhavehadamuchmoredifficulttimeunderstand-
on-linelearningprograms. ing and utilizing nutrition in our day-to-day practice.
Aswithanyotherareaofeducation,youstillneedto Afterall,thatistheultimategoalofnutritionisn’tit?
knowthebasicstounderstandwhatisbeingtaught,and My goal in writing this book was to provide a book
unfortunatelythisisoftennotaddressedfortechnicians. for a technician that was both relevant and technical
Whilechemistry,microbiologyandmatharerequiredat butunderstandableandusable.Thisisnotadummied
mostschools,eventhesedonotadequatelyaddressbasic down version of a veterinary nutrition book, but one
animalnutrition.Weallaretaughtthebasicnutrientsin thatfocusesontheuniqueinterestsoftechniciansand
adiet:water,protein,fatsandcarbohydrates, buthow howweusenutritioninpracticeandathome.Forthe
dotheyworktogether,whathappenstotheminsidethe second edition I have asked my good friend and part-
bodyandwhatchangesoccurwithagingordisease? nerinnutrition,KaraBurnstoprovideherspinondis-
So where does this leave a technician who wants to easemanagementandalternatespeciesnutrition.Iam
knowmoreaboutnutrition,whowantstoreallyunder- veryexcitedtohaveKarahelpingtoimprovethesecond
standwhatisgoingoninsidetheanimal?Usuallythey edition.
start by going through the available veterinary nutri- The book is organized into five sections. The first
tionbooks,ifyouaren’toverwhelmedandterrifiedby section addresses the basics of nutrition by looking at
the first chapter it’s a miracle. These books are often energy and nutrients, how the individual nutrients of
moredetailedthanatechnicianneedsorwantstoknow; water,carbohydrates,fats,proteins,vitaminsandmin-
you tend to get lost in these details and miss the basic eralsareutilizedbythebody,digestionsandabsorption
points.Ifyougotohumannutritionbooks,thesedonot of these nutrients and finally energy balance. Section
addresstheuniquenutritionalneedsofourmostcom- 2 covers nutritional requirements for cats and dogs by
mon species, dogs, cats, horses, birds and pocket pets, going through the history and regulation of pets food,
though they can often address basic nutrition in a less understandinghowtoreadpetfoodlabels,understand-
technicalmanner.Somepeopleenrollinanonlinepro- ing nutrient content and types of foods and how they
gram,butthebasicsarestilloftenmissingfromtheseand differ,andevaluatingrawfooddiets,preservativesand
referencingtheselateroncanbedifficult.Ilovehaving homemade diets. Section 3 covers different feeding
reference books available whenever I have a question regimens, body condition scoring both definition and
or need clarification on a point of interest, and I often use, and takes feeding from pregnancy and lactation
have questions and need clarification. Many commer- through neonatal, growth and adult maintenance
cialfoodproducersalsoprovidetechnicalhelplines,but feedingandintogeriatrics.Section3alsocoversfeeding
you still need to understand the basics before you can for performance animals, special feeding requirement
askforclarification! forcats,nutritionmyths,theuseofnutritionalsupport
Ihaveplowedthroughnutritionbooksfromthevery and assisted feeding techniques. Section 4 is new and
basic pet owner books to the extremely technical vet- coversnutritionalmanagementofdisease,lookingatGI
erinarybooks;allofthemhavesomethingtooffer,but disease, hepatic disease, weight management, FLUTD
willyoureadlongenoughtounderstandit?Iwasvery and others. The final section, also new, addresses the
vii
viii Preface
feedingmanagementofotherspecies,includinghorses, therapeuticuse.Youwillhaveabetterunderstandingof
birds, and pocket pets. Each section will build on the basicdigestion,nutrientusebythebodyandhowfood
information covered in previous sections, allowing for canaffectourpatientsfromthepre-natalperiodthrough
practicaluseoftheinformationlearned. theirdeath(hopefullymanyyearsdowntheline).And
My cats and chickens are not thrilled when I start lastly that you will bring nutrition into your practice
calculating caloric intake, nutrient distribution or anduseittoimprovethequalityofcarethatisprovided
metabolizable energy. I am sure that Kara’s varied pet to your patients. Nutrition is an ever-evolving field in
population feels much the same way, but they too veterinary medicine, and I hope this book serves as a
will ultimately benefit from our knowledge, as have steppingstoneforfuturelearning.KaraandIlovevet-
innumerableclients,patients,co-workersandstudents. erinarynutritionandwehopethatyouwillcometolove
Myhopeisthatthroughthisbookyoutowillcome ittoo!
to appreciate the important role nutrition plays in
AnnWortinger
veterinary medicine, both through prevention and