Nursing Drug Handbook 2012

1570 Pages·2011·10.19 MB·English

by  Lippincott & Co.

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Staff The clinical treatments described and recommended
in this publication are based on researchand consulta-
Publisher tion with nursing, medical, and legal authorities. To the
J.Christopher Burghardt best of our knowledge, these procedures refllect cur-
rently accepted practice. Nevertheless, they can’t be
Nursing Officer considered absolute and universal recommendations.
Judith A.Schilling McCann, RN, MSN For individual applications, all recommendations must
be considered in light of the patient’s clinical condition
Clinical Director
and, before administration of new or infrequently used
Joan M.Robinson, RN, MSN drugs, in light of the latest package-insert information.
Clinical Project Manager The authors and publisher disclaim any responsibility
for any adverse effects resulting from the suggested
Lorraine Hallowell, RN, BSN, RVS procedures, from any undetected errors, or from the
Clinical Editors reader’s misunderstanding of the text.
Lisa Morris Bonsall, RN, CRNP, MSN
Janet Rader, RN, BSN ©2012 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. All rights
reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part
Dorothy Terry, RN of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
Product Director or transmitted, in any form or by any means—elec-
David Moreau tronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or other-
wise—without prior written permission of the publisher,
Product Manager except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles
Diane Labus and reviews and testing and evaluation materials
provided by the publisher to instructors whose
Editor schools have adopted its accompanying textbook. For
Karen C.Comerford information, write Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 323
Norristown Road, Suite 200, Ambler, PA 19002-2756.
Copy Editors
Heather Ditch, Mary T.Durkin Printed in China.
Editorial Assistants
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Creative Director ISSN 0273-320X
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ISBN-10: 1-60913-619-5
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Contents
Anatomy of a monograph....................................………… inside front cover
Contributors and consultants..........……………………………………………vi
How to use Nursing2012 Drug Handbook® ......…………………………….vii
Quick guide to special symbols, logos, and highlighted terms ........………xi
Guide to abbreviations........……………………………………………………xii
General information
1. Drug actions, interactions, and reactions ..............……………………………1
2. Drug therapy across the lifespan................……………………………………5
3. Safe drug administration..........………………………………………………13
4. Selected drug classifications............…………………………………………19
Alphabetical listing of drugs by generic name........……………………59
Appendices....………………………………………………………………1422
Pregnancy risk categories ......…………………………………………………1422
Controlled substance schedules..........…………………………………………1422
Quick guide to combination drugs..........………………………………………1423
Common combination drugs: Indications and dosages..............………………1428
Vaccines and toxoids: Indications and dosages..............………………………1448
Vitamins and minerals: Indications and dosages................……………………1459
Therapeutic drug monitoring guidelines............………………………………1468
Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and common drug interactions ............................1476
Drugs that prolong the QTc interval ..........……………………………………1478
Dialyzable drugs ........…………………………………………………………1479
Abbreviations to avoid........……………………………………………………1483
Herbal supplements........………………………………………………………1485
Drugs that shouldn’t be crushed or chewed............……………………………1492
Avoiding common drug errors: Best practices and prevention..............………1495
Pediatric drugs commonly involved in drug errors............……………………1498
Elder care medication tips..........………………………………………………1501
Additional new drugs: Indications and dosages ............………………………1502
Index …………………………………………………………………………1505
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Contributors and consultants
Steven R.Abel,PharmD,FASHP Michael A.Mancano,RPh,PharmD
Assistant Dean for Clinical Programs Clinical Associate Professor/Associate
Bucke Professor & Head Chairman
Department of Pharmacy Practice Department of Pharmacy Practice
Purdue University College of Pharmacy Temple University School of Pharmacy
W. Lafayette, Ind. Philadelphia
Lawrence Carey,PharmD Chijioke Okafor,PharmD
Associate Program Director, Physician Medical Science Liaison
Assistant Program Bristol-Myers Squibb
Philadelphia University Plainsboro, N.J.
Jason C.Cooper,PharmD Keith M.Olsen,PharmD,FCCP,FCCM
Clinical Pharmacist/Clinical Assistant Professor and Chair
Professor Department of Pharmacy Practice
Medical University of South Carolina University of Nebraska Medical Center
Charleston Omaha
Jennifer Faulkner,PharmD,BCPP Christine K.O’Neil,PharmD,BCPS,CGP,
Director of Education, Pharmacy Service FCCP
Central Texas Veterans Health Care System Professor
Temple Duquesne University School of Pharmacy
Pittsburgh
Julie Ann Genuario,BS Pharm
Staff Pharmacist Melissa Rinaldi,RPh,PharmD
Pottstown (Pa.) Memorial Medical Center Clinical Pharmacist
ExcelleRx
Tatyana Gurvich,PharmD Philadelphia
Clinical Pharmacologist
USC School of Pharmacy Suzzanne Tairu,PharmD
Los Angeles, Calif. Medical Science Liaison
UCB Pharma Inc.
Toshal S.Hallowell,BS Pharm Atlanta
Staff Pharmacist
Edward M. Kennedy Community Health Rachel Clark Vetri,PharmD,BCOP
Center Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice
Worcester, Mass. Temple University School of Pharmacy
Philadelphia
Collette Bishop Hendler,RN,MS,CCRN,
CIC Christopher S.Wisniewski,PharmD,BCPS
Infection Control Nurse Assistant Professor
Abington (Pa.) Memorial Hospital Department of Clinical Pharmacy &
Outcome Sciences
Shelly Ikeme,PharmD,MPH,MBA South Carolina College of Pharmacy—
Immunoscience Medical Science-Research
MUSC Campus
Liaison
Clinical Pharmacist, Medication Use
Bristol-Myers Squibb
Policy and Informatics
New York
Medical University of South Carolina
Patrick J.Kiel,PharmD,BCPS Charleston
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist—
Hematology/Stem Cell Transplant
Indiana University Simon Cancer Center—
Clarian Health
Indianapolis
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How to use Nursing2012 Drug Handbook®
The best-selling nursing drug guide for Introductory chapters
more than 30 years, Nursing Drug Hand- Chapter 1, “Drug actions, interactions, and
bookis meticulously reviewed and updated reactions,” explains how drugs work in the
annually by pharmacists and nurses to in- body. It provides a general overview of
clude the most current, relevant informa- drug properties (absorption, distribution,
tion that practicing nurses and students metabolism, and excretion) and other sig-
need to know to administer medications nificant factors affecting drug action (in-
safely in any health care setting. As in pre- cluding protein binding, patient’s age, un-
vious editions, Nursing2012 Drug Hand- derlying disease, dosage form, and route
bookemphasizes nursing and safety aspects and timing of administration). Also dis-
of drug administration without attempting cussed are drug interactions, adverse reac-
to replace detailed pharmacology texts. tions, and toxic reactions. Chapter 2, “Drug
Only the most essential information is in- therapy across the lifespan,” discusses the
cluded, and helpful graphic symbols, logos, danger associated with indiscriminant use
and highlighting draw special attention to of drugs during pregnancy and breast-feed-
critical details that can’t be overlooked. Re- ing and the special precautions women
freshingly redesigned, this 32nd edition en- should take when medications are neces-
sures easy readability and even quicker ac- sary. This chapter also covers the unique
cess to content that busy nurses need on the challenges of giving drugs to children and
go, with larger type and a brand-new alpha- elderly patients and offers practical sugges-
betically arranged format. tions on how to minimize problems with
these special populations. Chapter 3, “Safe
New to this edition drug administration,” explores the ongoing
In this enhanced 32nd edition, look for involvement of governmental and non-
these exciting new changes: governmental organizations weighing in on
●Alphabetical format—complete generic drug safety issues and the necessary meas-
drug entries (monographs) arranged A to Z, ures nurses must take to prevent medication
with tabbed pages for quick retrieval of in- errors from occurring.
formation Chapter 4, “Selected drug classifica-
●Thoroughly updated text with over 1,025 tions,” summarizes the indications, ac-
generic and 3,300 brand names listed, 823 tions, and contraindications and cautions
comprehensive drug monographs, and 26 of more than 60 drug classes represented
generic drugs newly approved by the in Nursing2012 Drug Handbook.Generic
FDA—over 3,000 clinical changes in all drugs within each class are also listed, al-
●New introductory chapter covering safe lowing nurses to quickly identify and
drug administration—includes communica- compare similar drugs when patients can’t
tion and education improvements, the use tolerate or don’t respond to a particular
of technologies, and additional strategies to drug.
reduce drug errors
●3 new safety-related appendices addressing Drug monographs
best practices to avoid or prevent drug errors, Each generic drug monograph in
pediatric drugs commonly involved in drug Nursing2012 Drug Handbookincludes the
errors, and elder care medication tips most pertinent clinical information nurses
●Fresh, appealing design with larger type, must know to administer medications safe-
crisper headings, highlighted backgrounds ly, monitor for potential interactions and
(for generic drug headings and I.V. infor- adverse effects, implement necessary care
mation), and easy-to-spot logos and icons measures, and provide appropriate patient
(such as black box warnings and alerts) teaching. Entries are arranged alphabetical-
●Expanded color Photoguide insert, with ly, with the generic drug name prominently
actual-sized images of 398 tablets and capsules. displayed—along with its “tall man”
vii
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viii How to use Nursing2012 Drug Handbook®
lettering (if applicable), pronunciation, cor- elderly patients or those with renal or he-
responding brand (or trade) names, thera- patic impairment.
peutic class, pharmacologic class, and
pregnancy risk category—on a shaded Administration
background for quick and easy identifica- Here, readers will find guidelines for safely
tion. Banners or symbols to identify new administering drugs by all applicable
FDA-approved drugs, drugs that warrant a routes, including P.O., I.V., I.M., subcuta-
special safety alert, or drugs that appear in neous, ophthalmic, inhalational, topical,
the color photoguide are also included in rectal, vaginal, transdermal, and buccal. A
this highlighted area. special screened background highlights I.V.
Specific information for each drug is administration guidelines (including specif-
then systematically organized under the ic instructions on how to reconstitute, mix,
headings below. Special icons and logos and store I.V. medications) and potential
may be used throughout, as warranted, to I.V. incompatibilities.
point out the drug’s safety concerns. For
example, a clinical alert logo (t) pro- Action
vides important advice about life-threat- This section succinctly describes the mech-
ening effects associated with the drug or anism of action—that is, how the drug pro-
its administration; a black box warning vides its therapeutic effect. For example,
( Black Box Warning) represents a specif- although all antihypertensives lower blood
ic warning issued by the FDA. (See pressure, they don’t all do so by the same
Anatomy of a monograph, on the inside process. Also included, in table form, are
book cover, for a visual guide to the vari- the onset, peak (described in terms of effect
ous symbols that may appear within a or peak blood level), and duration of drug
drug entry.) action for each route of administration, if
data are available or applicable. Values
Available forms listed are for patients with normal renal func-
This section lists the preparations available tion unless otherwise specified. The drug’s
for each drug (for example, tablets, cap- half-life is also provided when known.
sules, solutions for injection) and specifies
available dosage forms and strengths. Adverse reactions
Dosage strengths specifically available in In this section, adverse reactions to each
Canada are designated with a dagger (†). drug are listed according to body system.
Preparations that may be obtained over the The most common adverse reactions (those
counter, without a prescription, are marked experienced by at least 10% of people tak-
with an open diamond ((cid:3)). ing the drug in clinical trials) appear in italic
type; less common reactions (1% to 9%)
Indications & dosages are in roman type; life-threatening reac-
General dosage information for adults and tions appear in bold italictype; and reac-
children is found in this section. Dosage in- tions that are common and life-threatening
structions reflect current trends in therapeu- are in BOLDCAPITALLETTERS.
tics and can’t be considered absolute or
universal. For individual patients, dosage Interactions
instructions must be considered in light of Within this section, readers can find each
the patient’s condition. drug’s confirmed, clinically significant in-
Indications and dosages that aren’t ap- teractions with other drugs (additive ef-
proved by the FDA are followed by a fects, potentiated effects, and antagonistic
closed diamond ((cid:4)). It should be noted effects); herbs; foods; beverages; and
that only evidence-based off-label uses are lifestyle behaviors (such as alcohol use, sun
included in this edition. An “Adjust-a- exposure, or smoking). Interactions with a
dose” logo appearing within this section rapid onset are highlighted in color; inter-
indicates the need for a special dosage ad- actions with a delayed onset are in bold
justment for certain patients, such as type.