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NUÑEZ AGUILAR, NOEMI 2017-18 P PDF

85 Pages·2017·1.42 MB·English
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Tutora Dra. Alicia Maestro Garriga Departament de Ingenieria Química y Química Analítica Secció de Ingenieria Química Treball Final de Grau Study of the influence of Buchi encapsulator input variables on properties of formed alginate beads. Estudio de la influencia de las variables de entrada del encapsulador Buchi en las propiedades de las esferas de alginato formadas. Noemí Núñez Aguilar June 2018 Aquesta obra està subjecta a la llicència de: Reconeixement–NoComercial-SenseObraDerivada http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc- nd/3.0/es/ No temas a las dificultades, lo mejor surge de ellas. Rita Levi–Montalcin En primer lugar, quiero agradecer a mi tutora la Doctora Alicia Maestro y a mi compañera de laboratorio Sharmaine Atencio, con las que he compartido muchas horas de trabajo y que me han ayudado y apoyado en todo momento. También quiero dar las gracias a los doctores José María Gutiérrez, Carmen González y Esther Santamaría por sus recomendaciones y apoyo. Y finalmente quiero dar las gracias a toda mi familia que me ha ayudado y apoyado en todo momento a lo largo de toda la carrera. CONTENTS SUMMARY i RESUMEN iii 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. MICROENCAPSULATION AND ITS APPLICATIONS 1 1.2. SODIUM ALGINATE AND ITS USE FOR THE MICROENCAPSULATION 3 1.3. BUCHI ENCAPSULATOR MODEL B-390 1.4. VARIABLES INVOLVED IN THE PRODUCTION OF ALGINATE 5 CAPSULES 5 1.4.1. Concentration of Alginate Solution 5 1.4.2. Concentration of calcium chloride 6 1.4.3. Pressure 6 1.4.4. Nozzle size 6 1.4.5. Electrode 7 1.4.6. Amplitude of vibration 7 1.4.7. Valve position 7 1.4.8. Frequency 8 2. OBJECTIVES 9 3. MATERIAL AND METHODS 11 3.1. MICROENCAPSULATION AND ITS APPLICATIONS 11 8 Núñez Aguilar, Noemí 3.1.1 Components for solutions 11 3.1.2 Equipment 11 3.1.2.1. Optika microscopy Italy 12 3.2 METHODOLOGY 12 3.2.1 Preparation of stock alginate solution 12 3.2.2 Preparation of stock calcium chloride 12 3.2.3 Production of Alginate Beads using BÜCHI-390 Encapsulator 13 3.2.4 Measurement of Flow Rate of Alginate Solution During Encapsulation 13 3.3 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 14 3.3.1 Factorial design 15 3.3.2 Factorial design at two levels 15 3.3.3 Central composite design (CCD) 17 3.3.4 Analysis of the design of experiments 18 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 23 4.1 COMPARE POPULATIONS 23 4.1.1 Comparison of flow rate measurements 23 4.1.2 Comparation of populations for size measurement 24 4.1.3 Comparison of populations: size population 25 4.2 ESTABLISHING THE RANGE 25 4.2.1. Selection of the Constant Parameters for Microencapsulation Process 25 4.2.2 Procedure to set the working range 27 4.3 TWO-LEVEL FACTORIAL DESIGN: INFLUENCE AND EFFECTS OF THE VARIABLES 29 4.3.1 Interactions between variables 29 4.3.2 Central composite design for two factors 32 4.3.3 Treatment of experimental results 34 4.3.4 Model validation using confidence and prediction intervals 39 4.4 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AT 25 DEGREES 42 4.4.1 Establishing the experimental range 43 4.4.2 Treatment of experimental result 45 4.4.2 Model validation using confidence and prediction intervals 50 5. CONCLUSIONS 53 REFERENCES AND NOTES 55 APPENDICES 58 APPENDIX 1: FIRST DESIGN 61 APPENDIX 2: SECOND DESIGN (25 DEGREES) 65

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Antioxidants like vitamins, phenol, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins retard or inhibit oxidation of lipids and prevent certain diseases (Kris-Etherton et
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