Numerical field model simulation of full-scale fire tests in a closed spherical/cylindrical vessel using advanced computer graphics techniques. PDF
Preview Numerical field model simulation of full-scale fire tests in a closed spherical/cylindrical vessel using advanced computer graphics techniques.
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California THESIS NUMERICAL FIELD MODEL SIMULATION OF FULL-SCALE FIRE TESTS IN A CLOSED SPHERICAL/CYLINDRICAL VESSEL USING ADVANCED COMPUTER GRAPHICS TECHNIQUES by Timothy G. McCarthy SEPTEMBER 1991 Thesis Advisor: M.D. Kelleher Approved for public release: Distribution is unlimited Unclassified CURITYCLASSIFICATIONOFTHIS PAGE FormApproved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMBNo070*^188 a. REPORTSECURITYCLASSIFICATION 1b. RESTRICTIVEMARKINGS Unclassified a.SECURmrCLASSIFICATIONAUTHORITY 3.DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITYOF REPORT Approved for pxoblic release D.DECLASSIFICATION/DOWNGRADINGSCHEDULE Distribution is unlimited PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORTNUMBER(S) 5.MONfTORINGORGANIZATION REPORTNUMBER(S) a.NAME OF PERFORMINGORGANIZATION 6b.OFFICE SYMBOL 7a.NAME OF MONITORINGORGANIZATION ^aval Postgraduate School (ItapplicableM)E Naval Postgraduate School c.ADDRESS (aiy.StateandZIPCode} 7b.ADDRESS(Oty. State,andZIPCode) Monterey, CA 93943-5000 Monterey, CA 93943-5000 I a.NAME OF FUNDING/SPONSORING 8b.OFFICE SYMBOL 9. PROCUREMENT INSTRUMENTIDENTIFICATIONNUMBER ORGANIZATION (Itapplicable) c.ADDRESS (City.State,andZIPCode) 10. SOURCE OF FUNDING NUMBER PROGRAM PROJECT TASK WORKUNIT ELEMENTNO. NO. NO. ACCESSIONNO. 1.TITLE (IncludeSecurityClassification) NUMERICAL FIELD MODEL SIMULATION OF FULL-SCALE FIRE TESTS IN A CLOSED SPHERICAL/CYLINDRICAL VESSEL JSING ADVANCED COMPUTER GRAPHICS TECHNIQUES PERSONALAUTHORS 2. riMOTHY G. MCCARTHY 3a.TYPE OF REPORT 13b.TIMECOVERED 14. DATEOF REPORT (Year.Month. Day) IS. PAGECOUNT blaster' s Thesis FROM TO SEPTEMBER 1991 157 5.SUPPLEMENTARYNOTATION rhe views expressed are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy Dr position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government 7 COSATICODES 16. SUBJECTTERMS (Continueonreverseitnecessaryandidentitybyblocknumbers) field model, fire simulation, fire modeling, lELD GROUP SUB-GROUP numerical fire model, fires in enclosed vessels, enclosed fires 9.ABSTRACT (Continueonreverseitnecessaryandidentitybyblocknumbers) Personnel and equipment casualties, caused by shipboard fires have adversely affected Dverall readiness of the U.S. Navy for centuries. Understanding the phenomena of fire in enclosed spaces, such as those found on surface ships and submarines, will greatly enhance the Navy's ability :o combat or prevent them. This computer model was developed for use in conjunction with Fire-1, an experimental fire chamber test facility at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C. It is a three-dimensional finite difference model which includes the phenomena of conduction, :urbulence, global pressure correction, surface radiation and strong buoyancy flows. Given specific iata on heat release, it predicts velocities, temperatures, pressures, densities and viscosities .hroughout its geometry. It has been reasonably validated by comparison with experiments in Fire-1. Advanced graphics techniques, such as color contouring and three-dimensional vector field plotting, lave been applied to rr.ake output data more informative. This model, if easily modified to more specific geometries, r.ay become a useful tool for naval architects in the design of the fire safe ship. D.XDXISUTNRCILBAUSTSIIOFNI/EAVDA/IULNALBIIMLIITTEYDOF ABSTSRAAMCETAS RPT DTICUSERS 21.AuBnSTcRlAaCTsSsEiCUfRiITeYdCLASSIFICATION 2a.NAMEOF RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUAL 22b.TELEPHONE (IncludeAreaCode) 22cOFFICE SYMBOL M.D. Kelleher (408) 646-2530 ME/Kk > Form 1473. JUN 86 Previouseditions are obsolete. SECURITyCLASSIPiCATlONOFTHISPAGE S/N 0102-LF-014-6603 Unclassified i Approved for public release: Distribution is unlimited Numerical Field Model Simulation of Full-Scale Fire Tests in a Closed Spherical/Cylindrical Vessel Using Advanced Computer Graphics Techniques by Timothy G. ^McCarthy Lieutenant, United States Navy B.S.M.E., University of Rochester, Rochester, N.Y., 1984 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING from the NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL SEPTEMBER 1991 r\ ABSTRACT Personnel and equipment casualties, caused by shipboard fires have adversely affected overall readiness of the U.S. Navy for centuries. Understanding the phenomena of fire in enclosed spaces, such as those found on surface ships and submarines, will greatly enhance the Navy's ability to combat or prevent them. This computer model was developed for use in conjunction with Fire-1, an experimental fire chamber test facility at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C. It is a three-dimensional finite difference model which includes the phenomena of conduction, turbulence, global pressure correction, surface radiation and strong buoyancy flows. Given specific data on heat release, it predicts velocities, temperatures, pressures, densities and viscosities throughout its geometry. It has been reasonably validated by comparison with experiments in Fire-1. Advanced graphics techniques, such as color contouring and three-dimensional vector field plotting, have been applied to make output data more informative. This model, if easily modified to more specific geometries, may become a useful tool for naval architects in the design of the fire safe ship. Ill I > 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. BACKGROUND 1 B. COMPUTER MODELING 3 C. FIRE-1 TEST FACILITY 5 D. THE COMPUTER PROGRAM 8 II. DESCRIPTION OF NUMERICAL MODEL 11 A. GOVERNING EQUATIONS 11 B. INITIAL AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS 13 1. Initial Conditions 13 2. Boundary Conditions 13 C. MODELS OF PHYSICAL PHENOMENA 14 1. Wall Conduction Model 14 2. Turbulence Model 15 3. "Surface Radiation Model 17 III. FINITE VOLUME CALCULATIONS 18 A. INTRODUCTION 18 B. CONTROL VOLUME ANALYSIS 20 C. INTEGRATION OF THE CONSERVATION EQUATIONS 23 . . D. DISCRETIZATION OF THE CONTINUITY EQUATION 24 . . .... E. DISCRETIZATION OF THE ENERGY EQUATION 27 ... F. DISCRETIZATION OF THE MOMENTUM EQUATION 39 G. PRESSURE CORRECTION 47 1. Global Pressure Correction 47 2. Local Pressure Correction 49 IV. NUMERICAL PROCESS 52 A. INTRODUCTION 52 B. SOLUTION PROCESS 55 C. GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS 57 V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 65 A. CONCLUSIONS 65 B. RECOMMENDATIONS 65 APPENDIX 67 IV
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