Nuclei with Z = 30 - 47

4414 Pages·2012·14.79 MB·English

by  S. I. Sukhoruchkin, Z. N. Soroko (auth.), H. Schopper (eds.)

New
Series
Numerical Data
and Functional Relationships
in Science and Technology
GROUP I VOLUME 25
Excited
Elementary
Particles,
Nuclear States
Nuclei and Atoms
SUBVOLUME B
Nuclei with Z = 30 − 47
123
Lanndolt-Börrnstein
Nummerical Dataa and Functiional Relatioonships in SScience andd Technologgy
New Series

Grooup I: Eleementaryy Particlees, Nuclei and Atooms
Vollume 25

Excited NNucllear Stattes

Subbvolume B
Z
Nucclei with = 30 –– 47

S.I. Sukhoruuchkin, ZZ.N. Sorooko

and

P. DDescouveemont, UU. Kneissl, A. Zilgges

Editted by H. SSchopper
ISSN 1615-1844 (Elementary Particles, Nuclei and Atoms)

ISBN 978-3-642-22929-9 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Naturwissenschaften und Technik, Neue Serie
Vol. I/25B: Editor: H. Schopper
At head of title: Landolt-Börnstein. Added t.p.: Numerical data and functional relationships in science and technology.
Tables chiefly in English.
Intended to supersede the Physikalisch-chemische Tabellen by H. Landolt and R. Börnstein of which the 6th ed. began publication in 1950 under title:
Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Physik, Chemie, Astronomie, Geophysik und Technik.
Vols. published after v. 1 of group I have imprint: Berlin, New York, Springer-Verlag
Includes bibliographies.
1. Physics--Tables. 2. Chemistry--Tables. 3. Engineering--Tables.
I. Börnstein, R. (Richard), 1852-1913. II. Landolt, H. (Hans), 1831-1910.
III. Physikalisch-chemische Tabellen. IV. Title: Numerical data and functional relationships in science and technology.
QC61.23 502'.12 62-53136

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SPIN: 8006 2455 63/3020 - 5 4 3 2 1 0 – Printed on acid-free paper
Editor
H. Schopper
CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
e-mail: [email protected]
Authors
S.I. Sukhoruchkin Z.N. Soroko
Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute
188300 Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia 188300 Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia
e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction Introduction
Tables of Excited Nuclear States Tables of Excited Nuclear States

Contributors to Introduction

P. Descouvemont U. Kneissl
Physique Nucléaire Théorique et Schulstr. 2
Physique Mathématique 61209 Echzell, Germany
Université Libre de Bruxelles e-mail: [email protected]
1050 Brussels, Belgium Formerly:
e-mail: [email protected] Institut für Strahlenphysik
Cluster Models in Nuclear Astrophysics Universität Stuttgart
70569 Stuttgart, Geramy
The Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence Method
A. Zilges
Institut für Kernphysik
Universität zu Köln
50937 Köln, Germany
e-mail: [email protected]
The Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence Method

Landolt-Börnstein
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Preface to I/25
Several volumes have been published during the past years in this Series presenting data on nuclear
excited states. New recently developed experimental methods have allowed obtaining a surprisingly large
amount of additional information on atomic nuclei which justify the publication of this additional volume.
Its five Subvolumes contain the data of excited states of nuclei with increasing number of Z. As in
previous volumes a part of the higher exited states is not included in the printed version but is collected in
the Supplement which can be accessed electronically. In Table 1 of each Subvolume the number of levels
in the printed version and the Supplement is shown.

In addition to the data tables the Subvolumes contain some chapters on the new experimental methods or
the evaluation of the data. Of particular importance are data obtained by gamma spectroscopy following
neutron capture and gamma scattering. Many new interesting data on isomeric states have been observed
which will be treated in a special chapter.

The knowledge of data of atomic nuclei is interesting for both, theoretical and practical applications. The
many-body complex of nuclei is still not understood in detail and cannot be derived from the basis of
QCD. And nuclear technology in its various forms will play a considerable role for many years to come.

I should like to thank the authors who have become well known experts in their field for their careful
work and their flexibility to comply with the wishes of the editor and publisher. Thanks are also due to
the members of the Landolt-Börnstein editorial staff and the production department of the publisher who
have made major contributions to the successful production of this volume.

Geneva, December 2011 The Editor
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 General remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 The Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence Method (U. KNEISSL, A. ZILGES) . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2.1 Cross Sections, Transition Widths, and Reduced Transition Probabilities . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2.2 Angular Distributions and Spin Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2.3 Parity Assignments, Polarization Observables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2.4 K-Number Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.2.5 NRF-Facilities and Experimental Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.2.6 Topics in Nuclear Structure Physics Studied by NRF-Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.3 Cluster models in nuclear astrophysics (P. DESCOUVEMONT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.3.2 Cross sections and reaction rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.3.2.1 Cross sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.3.2.2 Reaction rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.3.3 Theoretical models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.3.3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.3.3.2 Microscopic cluster theories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.3.3.3 The potential model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.3.3.4 The phenomenological R-matrix method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.3.3.5 The DWBA method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.3.3.6 Indirect methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.3.4 Specific applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.3.4.1 Application of the RGM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.3.4.2 Application of the potential method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.3.4.3 Application of the R-matrix method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.3.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1.3.6 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.4 Data presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
1.5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
1.6 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

30-Zinc Zn-66 . . . . . . . 47 Zn-74 . . . . . . . 57
Zn-59 . . . . . . . 33 Zn-67 . . . . . . . 51 Zn-75 . . . . . . . 58
Zn-60 . . . . . . . 33 Zn-68 . . . . . . . 51 Zn-76 . . . . . . . 58
Zn-61 . . . . . . . 33 Zn-69 . . . . . . . 52 Zn-77 . . . . . . . 59
Zn-62 . . . . . . . 35 Zn-70 . . . . . . . 52 Zn-78 . . . . . . . 59
Zn-63 . . . . . . . 37 Zn-71 . . . . . . . 53 Zn-80 . . . . . . . 59
Zn-64 . . . . . . . 38 Zn-72 . . . . . . . 57
Zn-65 . . . . . . . 41 Zn-73 . . . . . . . 57
VIII Contents
31-Gallium As-71 . . . . . . . 109 Br-87 . . . . . . . 171
Ga-61 . . . . . . . 60 As-72 . . . . . . . 113 Br-88 . . . . . . . 171
Ga-62 . . . . . . . 60 As-73 . . . . . . . 114 Br-92 . . . . . . . 171
Ga-63 . . . . . . . 60 As-74 . . . . . . . 115
36-Krypton
Ga-64 . . . . . . . 61 As-75 . . . . . . . 116
Kr-72 . . . . . . . 172
Ga-65 . . . . . . . 62 As-76 . . . . . . . 117
Kr-73 . . . . . . . 173
Ga-66 . . . . . . . 70 As-77 . . . . . . . 117
Kr-74 . . . . . . . 174
Ga-67 . . . . . . . 70 As-78 . . . . . . . 118
Kr-75 . . . . . . . 175
Ga-68 . . . . . . . 71 As-79 . . . . . . . 119
Kr-76 . . . . . . . 176
Ga-69 . . . . . . . 72 As-80 . . . . . . . 119
Kr-77 . . . . . . . 178
Ga-70 . . . . . . . 72 As-81 . . . . . . . 120
Kr-78 . . . . . . . 180
Ga-71 . . . . . . . 73 As-82 . . . . . . . 121
Kr-79 . . . . . . . 182
Ga-72 . . . . . . . 75 As-83 . . . . . . . 121
Kr-80 . . . . . . . 183
Ga-73 . . . . . . . 76 As-84 . . . . . . . 121
Kr-81 . . . . . . . 184
Ga-74 . . . . . . . 77
34-Selenium Kr-82 . . . . . . . 185
Ga-75 . . . . . . . 77
Se-67 . . . . . . . 122 Kr-83 . . . . . . . 186
Ga-76 . . . . . . . 78
Se-68 . . . . . . . 122 Kr-84 . . . . . . . 187
Ga-77 . . . . . . . 78
Se-69 . . . . . . . 122 Kr-85 . . . . . . . 188
Ga-78 . . . . . . . 79
Se-70 . . . . . . . 124 Kr-86 . . . . . . . 188
Ga-79 . . . . . . . 79
Se-71 . . . . . . . 125 Kr-87 . . . . . . . 188
Ga-80 . . . . . . . 80
Se-72 . . . . . . . 125 Kr-88 . . . . . . . 190
Ga-81 . . . . . . . 80
Se-73 . . . . . . . 127 Kr-89 . . . . . . . 191
Ga-82 . . . . . . . 80
Se-74 . . . . . . . 128 Kr-90 . . . . . . . 191
Ga-84 . . . . . . . 80
Se-75 . . . . . . . 132 Kr-91 . . . . . . . 192
32-Germanium Se-76 . . . . . . . 133 Kr-92 . . . . . . . 192
Ge-61 . . . . . . . 81 Se-77 . . . . . . . 135 Kr-93 . . . . . . . 193
Ge-64 . . . . . . . 81 Se-78 . . . . . . . 137 Kr-94 . . . . . . . 193
Ge-65 . . . . . . . 81 Se-79 . . . . . . . 142 Kr-95 . . . . . . . 193
Ge-66 . . . . . . . 82 Se-80 . . . . . . . 144 Kr-96 . . . . . . . 193
Ge-67 . . . . . . . 83 Se-81 . . . . . . . 146
37-Rubidium
Ge-68 . . . . . . . 83 Se-82 . . . . . . . 149
Rb-73 . . . . . . . 194
Ge-69 . . . . . . . 86 Se-83 . . . . . . . 150
Rb-74 . . . . . . . 194
Ge-70 . . . . . . . 86 Se-84 . . . . . . . 150
Rb-75 . . . . . . . 195
Ge-71 . . . . . . . 87 Se-85 . . . . . . . 152
Rb-76 . . . . . . . 198
Ge-72 . . . . . . . 92 Se-86 . . . . . . . 152
Rb-77 . . . . . . . 199
Ge-73 . . . . . . . 97 Se-88 . . . . . . . 152
Rb-78 . . . . . . . 200
Ge-74 . . . . . . . 98
35-Bromine Rb-79 . . . . . . . 201
Ge-75 . . . . . . . 99
Br-69 . . . . . . . 153 Rb-80 . . . . . . . 204
Ge-76 . . . . . . . 100
Br-70 . . . . . . . 153 Rb-81 . . . . . . . 205
Ge-77 . . . . . . . 101
Br-71 . . . . . . . 153 Rb-82 . . . . . . . 208
Ge-78 . . . . . . . 101
Br-72 . . . . . . . 155 Rb-83 . . . . . . . 209
Ge-79 . . . . . . . 102
Br-73 . . . . . . . 156 Rb-84 . . . . . . . 213
Ge-80 . . . . . . . 103
Br-74 . . . . . . . 157 Rb-85 . . . . . . . 216
Ge-81 . . . . . . . 103
Br-75 . . . . . . . 158 Rb-86 . . . . . . . 216
Ge-82 . . . . . . . 104
Br-76 . . . . . . . 159 Rb-87 . . . . . . . 217
Ge-83 . . . . . . . 104
Br-77 . . . . . . . 160 Rb-88 . . . . . . . 217
Ge-84 . . . . . . . 104
Br-78 . . . . . . . 161 Rb-89 . . . . . . . 219
Ge-85 . . . . . . . 104
Br-79 . . . . . . . 163 Rb-90 . . . . . . . 220
33-Arsenic Br-80 . . . . . . . 165 Rb-91 . . . . . . . 220
As-65 . . . . . . . 105 Br-81 . . . . . . . 167 Rb-92 . . . . . . . 221
As-66 . . . . . . . 105 Br-82 . . . . . . . 168 Rb-93 . . . . . . . 221
As-67 . . . . . . . 105 Br-83 . . . . . . . 169 Rb-94 . . . . . . . 223
As-68 . . . . . . . 106 Br-84 . . . . . . . 169 Rb-95 . . . . . . . 223
As-69 . . . . . . . 106 Br-85 . . . . . . . 170 Rb-96 . . . . . . . 224
As-70 . . . . . . . 109 Br-86 . . . . . . . 171 Rb-98 . . . . . . . 224
Contents IX
38-Strontium 40-Zirconium Mo-86 . . . . . . 346
Sr-76 . . . . . . . 225 Zr-80 . . . . . . . 287 Mo-87 . . . . . . 347
Sr-77 . . . . . . . 225 Zr-81 . . . . . . . 287 Mo-88 . . . . . . 348
Sr-78 . . . . . . . 226 Zr-82 . . . . . . . 288 Mo-89 . . . . . . 349
Sr-79 . . . . . . . 226 Zr-83 . . . . . . . 289 Mo-90 . . . . . . 349
Sr-80 . . . . . . . 228 Zr-84 . . . . . . . 290 Mo-91 . . . . . . 350
Sr-81 . . . . . . . 229 Zr-85 . . . . . . . 292 Mo-92 . . . . . . 352
Sr-82 . . . . . . . 232 Zr-86 . . . . . . . 292 Mo-93 . . . . . . 358
Sr-83 . . . . . . . 233 Zr-87 . . . . . . . 294 Mo-94 . . . . . . 361
Sr-84 . . . . . . . 234 Zr-88 . . . . . . . 294 Mo-95 . . . . . . 364
Sr-85 . . . . . . . 236 Zr-89 . . . . . . . 295 Mo-96 . . . . . . 366
Sr-86 . . . . . . . 236 Zr-90 . . . . . . . 295 Mo-97 . . . . . . 369
Sr-87 . . . . . . . 236 Zr-91 . . . . . . . 304 Mo-98 . . . . . . 371
Sr-88 . . . . . . . 237 Zr-92 . . . . . . . 306 Mo-99 . . . . . . 380
Sr-89 . . . . . . . 245 Zr-93 . . . . . . . 307 Mo-100 . . . . . . 382
Sr-90 . . . . . . . 246 Zr-94 . . . . . . . 309 Mo-101 . . . . . . 390
Sr-91 . . . . . . . 247 Zr-95 . . . . . . . 310 Mo-102 . . . . . . 391
Sr-92 . . . . . . . 247 Zr-96 . . . . . . . 314 Mo-103 . . . . . . 392
Sr-93 . . . . . . . 248 Zr-97 . . . . . . . 316 Mo-104 . . . . . . 392
Sr-94 . . . . . . . 250 Zr-98 . . . . . . . 317 Mo-105 . . . . . . 394
Sr-95 . . . . . . . 251 Zr-99 . . . . . . . 318 Mo-106 . . . . . . 395
Sr-96 . . . . . . . 252 Zr-100 . . . . . . 319 Mo-107 . . . . . . 396
Sr-97 . . . . . . . 254 Zr-101 . . . . . . 320 Mo-108 . . . . . . 396
Sr-98 . . . . . . . 255 Zr-102 . . . . . . 321 Mo-109 . . . . . . 397
Sr-99 . . . . . . . 255 Zr-103 . . . . . . 322 Mo-110 . . . . . . 397
Sr-100 . . . . . . 256 Zr-104 . . . . . . 323
43-Technetium
Sr-101 . . . . . . 256
41-Niobium Tc-86 . . . . . . . 398
Sr-102 . . . . . . 256
Nb-82 . . . . . . . 324 Tc-87 . . . . . . . 398
39-Yttrium Nb-83 . . . . . . . 324 Tc-88 . . . . . . . 398
Y-78 . . . . . . . 257 Nb-84 . . . . . . . 324 Tc-89 . . . . . . . 399
Y-79 . . . . . . . 257 Nb-85 . . . . . . . 325 Tc-90 . . . . . . . 399
Y-80 . . . . . . . 257 Nb-86 . . . . . . . 326 Tc-91 . . . . . . . 400
Y-81 . . . . . . . 259 Nb-87 . . . . . . . 328 Tc-92 . . . . . . . 401
Y-82 . . . . . . . 260 Nb-88 . . . . . . . 329 Tc-93 . . . . . . . 402
Y-83 . . . . . . . 262 Nb-89 . . . . . . . 329 Tc-94 . . . . . . . 406
Y-84 . . . . . . . 263 Nb-90 . . . . . . . 330 Tc-95 . . . . . . . 408
Y-85 . . . . . . . 264 Nb-91 . . . . . . . 331 Tc-96 . . . . . . . 411
Y-86 . . . . . . . 266 Nb-92 . . . . . . . 332 Tc-97 . . . . . . . 413
Y-87 . . . . . . . 268 Nb-93 . . . . . . . 333 Tc-98 . . . . . . . 416
Y-88 . . . . . . . 270 Nb-94 . . . . . . . 336 Tc-99 . . . . . . . 417
Y-89 . . . . . . . 271 Nb-95 . . . . . . . 337 Tc-100 . . . . . . 419
Y-90 . . . . . . . 279 Nb-96 . . . . . . . 339 Tc-101 . . . . . . 420
Y-91 . . . . . . . 279 Nb-97 . . . . . . . 340 Tc-102 . . . . . . 421
Y-92 . . . . . . . 280 Nb-98 . . . . . . . 341 Tc-103 . . . . . . 421
Y-93 . . . . . . . 280 Nb-99 . . . . . . . 341 Tc-104 . . . . . . 422
Y-94 . . . . . . . 282 Nb-100 . . . . . . 342 Tc-105 . . . . . . 422
Y-95 . . . . . . . 282 Nb-101 . . . . . . 342 Tc-106 . . . . . . 423
Y-96 . . . . . . . 283 Nb-102 . . . . . . 343 Tc-107 . . . . . . 423
Y-97 . . . . . . . 283 Nb-103 . . . . . . 344 Tc-108 . . . . . . 424
Y-98 . . . . . . . 284 Nb-104 . . . . . . 344 Tc-109 . . . . . . 425
Y-99 . . . . . . . 284 Nb-105 . . . . . . 345 Tc-110 . . . . . . 426
Y-100 . . . . . . 285 Nb-106 . . . . . . 345 Tc-111 . . . . . . 426
Y-101 . . . . . . 286 Tc-112 . . . . . . 426
42-Molybdenum
Y-102 . . . . . . 286 Tc-113 . . . . . . 426
Mo-84 . . . . . . 346
Mo-85 . . . . . . 346
X Contents
44-Ruthenium Rh-102 . . . . . . 465 Pd-116 . . . . . . 514
Ru-88 . . . . . . . 427 Rh-103 . . . . . . 467 Pd-117 . . . . . . 515
Ru-89 . . . . . . . 427 Rh-104 . . . . . . 473 Pd-118 . . . . . . 516
Ru-90 . . . . . . . 427 Rh-105 . . . . . . 475 Pd-120 . . . . . . 516
Ru-91 . . . . . . . 428 Rh-106 . . . . . . 478 Pd-121 . . . . . . 516
Ru-92 . . . . . . . 428 Rh-107 . . . . . . 479 47-Silver
Ru-93 . . . . . . . 428 Rh-108 . . . . . . 480 Ag-94 . . . . . . . 517
Ru-94 . . . . . . . 429 Rh-109 . . . . . . 480 Ag-95 . . . . . . . 517
Ru-95 . . . . . . . 430 Rh-110 . . . . . . 481 Ag-96 . . . . . . . 517
Ru-96 . . . . . . . 431 Rh-111 . . . . . . 482 Ag-97 . . . . . . . 517
Ru-97 . . . . . . . 433 Rh-112 . . . . . . 483 Ag-98 . . . . . . . 518
Ru-98 . . . . . . . 435 Rh-113 . . . . . . 483 Ag-99 . . . . . . . 518
Ru-99 . . . . . . . 436 Rh-114 . . . . . . 484 Ag-100 . . . . . . 519
Ru-100 . . . . . . 438 Rh-115 . . . . . . 484 Ag-101 . . . . . . 520
Ru-101 . . . . . . 441 Rh-116 . . . . . . 484 Ag-102 . . . . . . 520
Ru-102 . . . . . . 442 Ag-103 . . . . . . 521
46-Palladium
Ru-103 . . . . . . 444 Ag-104 . . . . . . 523
Pd-92 . . . . . . . 485
Ru-104 . . . . . . 446 Ag-105 . . . . . . 525
Pd-93 . . . . . . . 485
Ru-105 . . . . . . 447 Ag-106 . . . . . . 526
Pd-94 . . . . . . . 485
Ru-106 . . . . . . 448 Ag-107 . . . . . . 531
Pd-95 . . . . . . . 486
Ru-107 . . . . . . 448 Ag-108 . . . . . . 533
Pd-96 . . . . . . . 487
Ru-108 . . . . . . 449 Ag-109 . . . . . . 534
Pd-97 . . . . . . . 487
Ru-109 . . . . . . 451 Ag-110 . . . . . . 535
Pd-98 . . . . . . . 489
Ru-110 . . . . . . 452 Ag-111 . . . . . . 535
Pd-99 . . . . . . . 490
Ru-111 . . . . . . 453 Ag-112 . . . . . . 537
Pd-100 . . . . . . 491
Ru-112 . . . . . . 454 Ag-113 . . . . . . 538
Pd-101 . . . . . . 492
Ru-113 . . . . . . 455 Ag-114 . . . . . . 538
Pd-102 . . . . . . 494
Ru-114 . . . . . . 455 Ag-115 . . . . . . 538
Pd-103 . . . . . . 495
Ag-116 . . . . . . 539
45-Rhodium Pd-104 . . . . . . 497
Ag-117 . . . . . . 540
Rh-91 . . . . . . . 456 Pd-105 . . . . . . 499
Ag-118 . . . . . . 540
Rh-92 . . . . . . . 456 Pd-106 . . . . . . 501
Ag-119 . . . . . . 541
Rh-93 . . . . . . . 457 Pd-107 . . . . . . 503
Ag-120 . . . . . . 541
Rh-94 . . . . . . . 457 Pd-108 . . . . . . 504
Ag-121 . . . . . . 541
Rh-95 . . . . . . . 458 Pd-109 . . . . . . 506
Ag-122 . . . . . . 541
Rh-96 . . . . . . . 459 Pd-110 . . . . . . 508
Ag-123 . . . . . . 542
Rh-97 . . . . . . . 460 Pd-111 . . . . . . 510
Ag-125 . . . . . . 542
Rh-98 . . . . . . . 461 Pd-112 . . . . . . 510
Ag-129 . . . . . . 542
Rh-99 . . . . . . . 461 Pd-113 . . . . . . 511
Rh-100 . . . . . . 463 Pd-114 . . . . . . 512
Rh-101 . . . . . . 464 Pd-115 . . . . . . 513
3 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543
Supplement (complete sets of data) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . www.springermaterials.com
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-22930-5
Excited Nuclear States 1
Introduction
General remarks
Thisvolume I/25B isthesecondonein theseriesof fivereportson propertiesof theexcited states
of all nuclei. It contains data on the excited states of nuclei with Z=30 to 47 derived from all nu-
clear reactions, including data for nuclei situated far from the line of stability. Earlier the data on
parameters of nuclear bound states excited in the reactions with charged particles were presented
in subvolumes LB I/19BC and LB I/18ABC. Since that time many data appeared from the mea-
surements and evaluations ENSDF and XUNDL. There is an increasing role of measurements of
reactionswithneutronsandγ-raysnotfullyconsideredinpreviouscompilations. Propertiesofthe
unbound states seen as neutron/charged particle resonances were collected earlier in LB I/16BC,
LBI/19A1,2andLBI/24. InthisvolumeI/25Bwecollectednewdatapublishedin2005-2010and
new interpretations of nuclear excitations. Numbers of excited states in this volume are given in
Table 1 as a ratio N /N where N , N are numbers of levels in the book and in the Supplement.
b s b s
This compilation of properties of nuclear excited states is motivated by scientific and practical
applications of nuclear data. Properties of isomeric states are important in applications and are
considered in LB I/25A (Chapter 2). The scientific importance of nuclear data is connected
to the development of nuclear theoretical models. The modern trend in nuclear theory consists
in the so-called “ab initio” approach where the fundamental nucleon interaction is the starting
point in calculations of properties of all nuclei. A. Arima and J. Schiffer in reviews in the 2007
International Nuclear Physics Conference showed the important role of the idea by H. Yukawa
aboutthepion-exchangemechanisminthemodernnucleartheory. Itwasalsodiscussedinreviews
byT.Otsuka,D.DeanandW.Weise. Thetensorforceasadirectconsequenceofthepion-exchange
mechanism is responsible for many observed regularities in nuclear excitations. It is considered
in LB I/25A (Chapter 3). The progress in the theory connected with the Effective Field Theory
(EFT)suggestedbyS.WeinbergandwithlatticeQCDcalculationsofgluonquark-dressingeffects
is discussed also in LB I/25A (Chapter 3), and in LB I/22A (Chapter 1).
Nuclei comprise 99.9% of all baryonic matter in the Universe and are the fuel that burns
in stars. The recent ab-initio approach in the theory and the understanding of the important
role of the pions-exchange permitted calculations of the properties of light nuclei important for
astrophysics. These applications of nuclear data were reviewed by G. Mathews and H. Schatz.
The nuclear physics input in calculations of astrophysical reaction rates is presented by C. Iliadis.
Theoretical aspects of the application of nuclear data in astrophysical calculations are considered
by P. Descouvemont in Chapter 3 of the present volume.
For the development of new trends in the theory a great number of experimental data is still
needed. Twokindsofmethodsusingneutralinitialparticlescanbeexploited,namely,γ-scattering
and neutron capture. The first class of experiments was performed at least in four laboratories,
in overwhelming majority at the Stuttgart DYNAMITRON, at the S-DALINAC at Darmstadt,
the ELBE facility at Dresden, and at TUNL (Duke University). In two chapters descriptions of
the facilities and the results obtained at the DYNAMITRON Stuttgart and at ELBE Dresden
are presented by U. Kneissl and A. Zilges (Chapter 2 of the present volume), and E. Grosse and
A.R. Junghans (LB I/25D).
A great number of new excited states were measured in neutron capture experiments. The
methodofγγ spectrameasurementsusedinJINRandotherresultsofcaptureγ-raymeasurements
are described by A.M. Sukhovoy and V.A. Khitrov in LB I/25A (Chapter 4), and I. Tomandl in
LB I/25C, respectively.
Landolt-B¨ornstein DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-22930-51
New Series I/25B (cid:2)cSpringer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2012