Nuclei with Z = 1 - 29

4626 Pages·2012·16.072 MB·English

by  S. I. Sukhoruchkin, Z. N. Soroko (auth.), H. Schopper (eds.)

New
Series
Numerical Data
and Functional Relationships
in Science and Technology
GROUP I VOLUME 25
Excited
Elementary
Particles,
Nuclear States
Nuclei and Atoms
SUBVOLUME A
Nuclei with Z = 1 − 29
123
Lanndolt-Börrnstein
Nummerical Dataa and Functiional Relatioonships in SScience andd Technologgy
New Series

Grooup I: Eleementaryy Particlees, Nuclei and Atooms
Vollume 25

Excited NNucllear Stattes

Subbvolume A
Z
Nucclei with = 1 – 229

S.I. Sukhoruuchkin, ZZ.N. Sorooko

and

A.MM. Sukhoovoj, V.AA. Khitrov

Editted by H. SSchopper
ISSN 1615-1844 (Elementary Particles, Nuclei and Atoms)

ISBN 978-3-642-22797-4 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Naturwissenschaften und Technik, Neue Serie
Vol. I/25A: Editor: H. Schopper
At head of title: Landolt-Börnstein. Added t.p.: Numerical data and functional relationships in science and technology.
Tables chiefly in English.
Intended to supersede the Physikalisch-chemische Tabellen by H. Landolt and R. Börnstein of which the 6th ed. began publication in 1950 under title:
Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Physik, Chemie, Astronomie, Geophysik und Technik.
Vols. published after v. 1 of group I have imprint: Berlin, New York, Springer-Verlag
Includes bibliographies.
1. Physics--Tables. 2. Chemistry--Tables. 3. Engineering--Tables.
I. Börnstein, R. (Richard), 1852-1913. II. Landolt, H. (Hans), 1831-1910.
III. Physikalisch-chemische Tabellen. IV. Title: Numerical data and functional relationships in science and technology.
QC61.23 502'.12 62-53136

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Editor
H. Schopper
CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
e-mail: [email protected]
Authors
S.I. Sukhoruchkin Z.N. Soroko
Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute
188300 Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia 188300 Gatchina, Leningrad District, Russia
e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction Introduction
Tables of Excited Nuclear States Tables of Excited Nuclear States

Contributors to Introduction

A.M. Sukhovoj V.A. Khitrov
The Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) The Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)
141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected]
Capture (cid:2)-Ray Cascade Measurements in Capture (cid:2)-Ray Cascade Measurements in JINR
JINR (Dubna) (Dubna)

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Preface to I/25
Several volumes have been published during the past years in this Series presenting data on nuclear
excited states. New recently developed experimental methods have allowed obtaining a surprisingly large
amount of additional information on atomic nuclei which justify the publication of this additional volume.
Its five Subvolumes contain the data of excited states of nuclei with increasing number of Z. As in
previous volumes a part of the higher exited states is not included in the printed version but is collected in
the Supplement which can be accessed electronically. In Table 1 of each Subvolume the number of levels
in the printed version and the Supplement is shown.

In addition to the data tables the Subvolumes contain some chapters on the new experimental methods or
the evaluation of the data. Of particular importance are data obtained by gamma spectroscopy following
neutron capture and gamma scattering. Many new interesting data on isomeric states have been observed
which will be treated in a special chapter.

The knowledge of data of atomic nuclei is interesting for both, theoretical and practical applications. The
many-body complex of nuclei is still not understood in detail and cannot be derived from the basis of
QCD. And nuclear technology in its various forms will play a considerable role for many years to come.

I should like to thank the authors who have become well known experts in their field for their careful
work and their flexibility to comply with the wishes of the editor and publisher. Thanks are also due to
the members of the Landolt-Börnstein editorial staff and the production department of the publisher who
have made major contributions to the successful production of this volume.

Geneva, December 2011 The Editor
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 General remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Isomers and nuclear collective excitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3 Recent trents in the theory of nuclear structure and nucleon interactions . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3.1 Tensor force effects in nuclear excitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3.2 Tensor force effects in light nuclei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.3.3 Nonstatistical effects in excitations of middle-weight nuclei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.3.4 Nonstatistical effects in nuclei around lead and conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.4 Capture (cid:2)-ray cascade measurements in JINR (Dubna) (A.M. SUKHOVOJ, V.A. KHITROV) . . 19
1.4.1 Methods of neutron capture (cid:2)-ray measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.4.2 Spectroscopic information from the summation of amplitudes of coinciding pulses from
Ge-detectors (SACP method) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.4.3 Construction of (cid:2)-decay scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.4.4 Method for the deteremination of the population of levels in cascades . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.5 Data presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.6 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
1.7 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

1-Hydrogen Li-11 . . . . . . . 35 B-16 . . . . . . . 45
H-4 . . . . . . . . 29 Li-13 . . . . . . . 35 B-17 . . . . . . . 45
H-5 . . . . . . . . 29 B-18 . . . . . . . 45
4-Beryllium
H-6 . . . . . . . . 29
Be-6 . . . . . . . 36 6-Carbon
H-7 . . . . . . . . 29
Be-7 . . . . . . . 36 C-8 . . . . . . . . 46
2-Helium Be-8 . . . . . . . 36 C-9 . . . . . . . . 46
He-3 . . . . . . . 30 Be-9 . . . . . . . 37 C-10 . . . . . . . 46
He-4 . . . . . . . 30 Be-10 . . . . . . . 38 C-11 . . . . . . . 46
He-5 . . . . . . . 30 Be-11 . . . . . . . 39 C-12 . . . . . . . 47
He-6 . . . . . . . 31 Be-12 . . . . . . . 40 C-13 . . . . . . . 47
He-7 . . . . . . . 31 Be-13 . . . . . . . 40 C-14 . . . . . . . 48
He-8 . . . . . . . 32 Be-14 . . . . . . . 40 C-15 . . . . . . . 50
He-9 . . . . . . . 32 C-16 . . . . . . . 50
5-Boron
He-10 . . . . . . . 32 C-17 . . . . . . . 51
B-7 . . . . . . . . 41
C-18 . . . . . . . 51
3-Lithium B-8 . . . . . . . . 41
C-19 . . . . . . . 51
Li-4 . . . . . . . . 33 B-9 . . . . . . . . 41
C-20 . . . . . . . 51
Li-5 . . . . . . . . 33 B-10 . . . . . . . 42
Li-6 . . . . . . . . 33 B-11 . . . . . . . 42 7-Nitrogen
Li-7 . . . . . . . . 34 B-12 . . . . . . . 44 N-10 . . . . . . . 52
Li-8 . . . . . . . . 34 B-13 . . . . . . . 44 N-11 . . . . . . . 52
Li-9 . . . . . . . . 35 B-14 . . . . . . . 44 N-12 . . . . . . . 52
Li-10 . . . . . . . 35 B-15 . . . . . . . 45 N-13 . . . . . . . 53
VIII Contents
N-14 . . . . . . . 54 11-Sodium Si-30 . . . . . . . 158
N-15 . . . . . . . 58 Na-18 . . . . . . . 103 Si-31 . . . . . . . 162
N-16 . . . . . . . 59 Na-19 . . . . . . . 103 Si-32 . . . . . . . 162
N-17 . . . . . . . 60 Na-20 . . . . . . . 103 Si-33 . . . . . . . 163
N-18 . . . . . . . 60 Na-21 . . . . . . . 104 Si-34 . . . . . . . 163
N-19 . . . . . . . 61 Na-22 . . . . . . . 105 Si-35 . . . . . . . 163
N-20 . . . . . . . 61 Na-23 . . . . . . . 105 Si-36 . . . . . . . 163
N-21 . . . . . . . 61 Na-24 . . . . . . . 110 Si-37 . . . . . . . 164
N-22 . . . . . . . 61 Na-25 . . . . . . . 115 Si-38 . . . . . . . 164
Na-26 . . . . . . . 115 Si-40 . . . . . . . 164
8-Oxygen
Na-27 . . . . . . . 116 Si-42 . . . . . . . 164
O-12 . . . . . . . 62
Na-28 . . . . . . . 117
O-13 . . . . . . . 62 15-Phosphorus
Na-29 . . . . . . . 117
O-14 . . . . . . . 62 P-27 . . . . . . . 165
Na-30 . . . . . . . 118
O-15 . . . . . . . 63 P-28 . . . . . . . 165
Na-31 . . . . . . . 118
O-16 . . . . . . . 63 P-29 . . . . . . . 165
Na-33 . . . . . . . 118
O-17 . . . . . . . 66 P-30 . . . . . . . 166
O-18 . . . . . . . 67 12-Magnesium P-31 . . . . . . . 167
O-19 . . . . . . . 68 Mg-20 . . . . . . 119 P-32 . . . . . . . 169
O-20 . . . . . . . 69 Mg-21 . . . . . . 119 P-33 . . . . . . . 169
O-21 . . . . . . . 69 Mg-22 . . . . . . 119 P-34 . . . . . . . 170
O-22 . . . . . . . 70 Mg-23 . . . . . . 122 P-35 . . . . . . . 170
O-23 . . . . . . . 70 Mg-24 . . . . . . 124 P-36 . . . . . . . 170
O-24 . . . . . . . 70 Mg-25 . . . . . . 128 P-37 . . . . . . . 171
Mg-26 . . . . . . 132 P-39 . . . . . . . 171
9-Fluorine
Mg-27 . . . . . . 134 P-41 . . . . . . . 171
F-15 . . . . . . . 71
Mg-28 . . . . . . 135 P-43 . . . . . . . 171
F-16 . . . . . . . 71
Mg-29 . . . . . . 136
F-17 . . . . . . . 71 16-Sulfur
Mg-30 . . . . . . 136
F-18 . . . . . . . 72 S-27 . . . . . . . 172
Mg-31 . . . . . . 136
F-19 . . . . . . . 82 S-28 . . . . . . . 172
Mg-32 . . . . . . 137
F-20 . . . . . . . 83 S-29 . . . . . . . 172
Mg-33 . . . . . . 137
F-21 . . . . . . . 84 S-30 . . . . . . . 172
Mg-34 . . . . . . 137
F-22 . . . . . . . 84 S-31 . . . . . . . 173
Mg-36 . . . . . . 137
F-23 . . . . . . . 84 S-32 . . . . . . . 176
F-24 . . . . . . . 85 13-Aluminium S-33 . . . . . . . 176
F-25 . . . . . . . 85 Al-22 . . . . . . . 138 S-34 . . . . . . . 185
F-26 . . . . . . . 85 Al-23 . . . . . . . 138 S-35 . . . . . . . 186
F-27 . . . . . . . 85 Al-24 . . . . . . . 138 S-36 . . . . . . . 187
Al-25 . . . . . . . 140 S-37 . . . . . . . 187
10-Neon
Al-26 . . . . . . . 142 S-38 . . . . . . . 188
Ne-16 . . . . . . . 86
Al-27 . . . . . . . 143 S-39 . . . . . . . 188
Ne-17 . . . . . . . 86
Al-28 . . . . . . . 149 S-40 . . . . . . . 188
Ne-18 . . . . . . . 86
Al-29 . . . . . . . 150 S-41 . . . . . . . 188
Ne-19 . . . . . . . 87
Al-30 . . . . . . . 150 S-42 . . . . . . . 189
Ne-20 . . . . . . . 89
Al-31 . . . . . . . 150 S-43 . . . . . . . 189
Ne-21 . . . . . . . 95
Al-32 . . . . . . . 151 S-44 . . . . . . . 189
Ne-22 . . . . . . . 97
Al-33 . . . . . . . 151 S-46 . . . . . . . 189
Ne-23 . . . . . . . 99
Al-34 . . . . . . . 151
Ne-24 . . . . . . . 100 17-Chlorine
Al-35 . . . . . . . 151
Ne-25 . . . . . . . 101 Cl-31 . . . . . . . 190
Ne-26 . . . . . . . 101 14-Silicon Cl-32 . . . . . . . 190
Ne-27 . . . . . . . 102 Si-24 . . . . . . . 152 Cl-33 . . . . . . . 191
Ne-28 . . . . . . . 102 Si-25 . . . . . . . 152 Cl-34 . . . . . . . 193
Ne-30 . . . . . . . 102 Si-26 . . . . . . . 152 Cl-35 . . . . . . . 195
Ne-31 . . . . . . . 102 Si-27 . . . . . . . 153 Cl-36 . . . . . . . 196
Si-28 . . . . . . . 156 Cl-37 . . . . . . . 196
Si-29 . . . . . . . 157 Cl-38 . . . . . . . 198
Contents IX
Cl-39 . . . . . . . 200 Ca-48 . . . . . . . 249 V-53 . . . . . . . 361
Cl-40 . . . . . . . 201 Ca-49 . . . . . . . 255 V-54 . . . . . . . 362
Cl-41 . . . . . . . 201 Ca-50 . . . . . . . 256 V-55 . . . . . . . 362
Cl-42 . . . . . . . 202 Ca-51 . . . . . . . 257 V-57 . . . . . . . 363
Cl-43 . . . . . . . 202 Ca-52 . . . . . . . 257 V-58 . . . . . . . 363
Cl-44 . . . . . . . 202 Ca-53 . . . . . . . 257 V-60 . . . . . . . 363
Cl-45 . . . . . . . 202
21-Scandium 24-Chromium
18-Argon Sc-38 . . . . . . . 258 Cr-45 . . . . . . . 364
Ar-32 . . . . . . . 203 Sc-39 . . . . . . . 258 Cr-46 . . . . . . . 364
Ar-33 . . . . . . . 203 Sc-40 . . . . . . . 258 Cr-47 . . . . . . . 364
Ar-34 . . . . . . . 203 Sc-41 . . . . . . . 258 Cr-48 . . . . . . . 365
Ar-35 . . . . . . . 203 Sc-42 . . . . . . . 259 Cr-49 . . . . . . . 367
Ar-36 . . . . . . . 204 Sc-43 . . . . . . . 263 Cr-50 . . . . . . . 371
Ar-37 . . . . . . . 205 Sc-44 . . . . . . . 266 Cr-51 . . . . . . . 375
Ar-38 . . . . . . . 206 Sc-45 . . . . . . . 267 Cr-52 . . . . . . . 382
Ar-39 . . . . . . . 208 Sc-46 . . . . . . . 280 Cr-53 . . . . . . . 384
Ar-40 . . . . . . . 209 Sc-47 . . . . . . . 281 Cr-54 . . . . . . . 386
Ar-41 . . . . . . . 210 Sc-48 . . . . . . . 285 Cr-55 . . . . . . . 390
Ar-42 . . . . . . . 213 Sc-49 . . . . . . . 285 Cr-56 . . . . . . . 391
Ar-43 . . . . . . . 213 Sc-50 . . . . . . . 291 Cr-57 . . . . . . . 393
Ar-44 . . . . . . . 214 Sc-51 . . . . . . . 292 Cr-58 . . . . . . . 393
Ar-45 . . . . . . . 214 Sc-52 . . . . . . . 293 Cr-59 . . . . . . . 394
Ar-46 . . . . . . . 215 Sc-53 . . . . . . . 293 Cr-60 . . . . . . . 394
Ar-47 . . . . . . . 215 Sc-54 . . . . . . . 293 Cr-61 . . . . . . . 394
Ar-48 . . . . . . . 215 Sc-56 . . . . . . . 293 Cr-62 . . . . . . . 394
Cr-64 . . . . . . . 394
19-Potassium 22-Titanium
K-35 . . . . . . . 216 Ti-41 . . . . . . . 294 25-Manganese
K-36 . . . . . . . 216 Ti-42 . . . . . . . 294 Mn-47 . . . . . . 395
K-37 . . . . . . . 216 Ti-43 . . . . . . . 294 Mn-48 . . . . . . 395
K-38 . . . . . . . 216 Ti-44 . . . . . . . 294 Mn-49 . . . . . . 395
K-39 . . . . . . . 218 Ti-45 . . . . . . . 298 Mn-50 . . . . . . 396
K-40 . . . . . . . 223 Ti-46 . . . . . . . 299 Mn-51 . . . . . . 397
K-41 . . . . . . . 224 Ti-47 . . . . . . . 307 Mn-52 . . . . . . 399
K-42 . . . . . . . 230 Ti-48 . . . . . . . 312 Mn-53 . . . . . . 400
K-43 . . . . . . . 231 Ti-49 . . . . . . . 318 Mn-54 . . . . . . 404
K-44 . . . . . . . 231 Ti-50 . . . . . . . 323 Mn-55 . . . . . . 405
K-45 . . . . . . . 232 Ti-51 . . . . . . . 329 Mn-56 . . . . . . 407
K-46 . . . . . . . 232 Ti-52 . . . . . . . 330 Mn-57 . . . . . . 413
K-47 . . . . . . . 232 Ti-53 . . . . . . . 331 Mn-58 . . . . . . 416
K-48 . . . . . . . 233 Ti-54 . . . . . . . 331 Mn-59 . . . . . . 418
K-49 . . . . . . . 233 Ti-55 . . . . . . . 332 Mn-60 . . . . . . 418
K-50 . . . . . . . 233 Ti-56 . . . . . . . 332 Mn-61 . . . . . . 419
Ti-57 . . . . . . . 332 Mn-62 . . . . . . 419
20-Calcium
Ti-58 . . . . . . . 332 Mn-63 . . . . . . 419
Ca-36 . . . . . . . 234
Mn-64 . . . . . . 419
Ca-37 . . . . . . . 234 23-Vanadium
Ca-38 . . . . . . . 234 V-43 . . . . . . . 333 26-Iron
Ca-39 . . . . . . . 235 V-44 . . . . . . . 333 Fe-48 . . . . . . . 420
Ca-40 . . . . . . . 237 V-45 . . . . . . . 333 Fe-49 . . . . . . . 420
Ca-41 . . . . . . . 240 V-46 . . . . . . . 334 Fe-50 . . . . . . . 420
Ca-42 . . . . . . . 240 V-47 . . . . . . . 335 Fe-51 . . . . . . . 420
Ca-43 . . . . . . . 241 V-48 . . . . . . . 338 Fe-52 . . . . . . . 421
Ca-44 . . . . . . . 241 V-49 . . . . . . . 341 Fe-53 . . . . . . . 423
Ca-45 . . . . . . . 242 V-50 . . . . . . . 346 Fe-54 . . . . . . . 425
Ca-46 . . . . . . . 246 V-51 . . . . . . . 353 Fe-55 . . . . . . . 428
Ca-47 . . . . . . . 246 V-52 . . . . . . . 358 Fe-56 . . . . . . . 433
X Contents
Fe-57 . . . . . . . 440 Co-64 . . . . . . . 473 Ni-71 . . . . . . . 512
Fe-58 . . . . . . . 441 Co-65 . . . . . . . 474 Ni-72 . . . . . . . 512
Fe-59 . . . . . . . 444 Co-66 . . . . . . . 474 Ni-74 . . . . . . . 512
Fe-60 . . . . . . . 445 Co-67 . . . . . . . 474 Ni-76 . . . . . . . 512
Fe-61 . . . . . . . 446 Co-68 . . . . . . . 474
29-Copper
Fe-62 . . . . . . . 447 Co-70 . . . . . . . 474
Cu-57 . . . . . . . 513
Fe-63 . . . . . . . 447
28-Nickel Cu-58 . . . . . . . 513
Fe-64 . . . . . . . 447
Ni-52 . . . . . . . 475 Cu-59 . . . . . . . 515
Fe-65 . . . . . . . 448
Ni-53 . . . . . . . 475 Cu-60 . . . . . . . 517
Fe-66 . . . . . . . 448
Ni-54 . . . . . . . 475 Cu-61 . . . . . . . 517
Fe-67 . . . . . . . 448
Ni-55 . . . . . . . 475 Cu-62 . . . . . . . 520
Fe-68 . . . . . . . 448
Ni-56 . . . . . . . 476 Cu-63 . . . . . . . 522
27-Cobalt Ni-57 . . . . . . . 478 Cu-64 . . . . . . . 522
Co-50 . . . . . . . 449 Ni-58 . . . . . . . 480 Cu-65 . . . . . . . 523
Co-52 . . . . . . . 449 Ni-59 . . . . . . . 492 Cu-66 . . . . . . . 529
Co-53 . . . . . . . 449 Ni-60 . . . . . . . 494 Cu-67 . . . . . . . 532
Co-54 . . . . . . . 450 Ni-61 . . . . . . . 501 Cu-68 . . . . . . . 533
Co-55 . . . . . . . 451 Ni-62 . . . . . . . 503 Cu-69 . . . . . . . 533
Co-56 . . . . . . . 462 Ni-63 . . . . . . . 503 Cu-70 . . . . . . . 533
Co-57 . . . . . . . 465 Ni-64 . . . . . . . 504 Cu-71 . . . . . . . 534
Co-58 . . . . . . . 467 Ni-65 . . . . . . . 505 Cu-72 . . . . . . . 534
Co-59 . . . . . . . 471 Ni-66 . . . . . . . 509 Cu-73 . . . . . . . 535
Co-60 . . . . . . . 472 Ni-67 . . . . . . . 510 Cu-74 . . . . . . . 535
Co-61 . . . . . . . 472 Ni-68 . . . . . . . 510 Cu-75 . . . . . . . 535
Co-62 . . . . . . . 472 Ni-69 . . . . . . . 511 Cu-76 . . . . . . . 535
Co-63 . . . . . . . 473 Ni-70 . . . . . . . 511
3 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537
Supplement (complete sets of data) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . www.springermaterials.com
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-22798-1
Excited Nuclear States 1
Introduction
General remarks
This volume I/25A is the firstone in the seriesof five reportson propertiesof theexcited states of
all nuclei. It contains data on the excited states of nuclei with Z=1 to 29 derived from all nuclear
reactions, including data for nuclei situated far from the line of stability. Earlier the data on
parameters of nuclear bound states excited in the reactions with charged particles were presented
in subvolumes LB I/19B1,2,3 [06Sc0C, 07Sc0A, 07Sc0B], LB I/19C [08Sc0A] and LB I/18ABC
[02Sc0A, 03Sc0A, 04Sc0A]. Since that time many data appeared from the measurements and
evaluations ENSDF [05Tu0A] and XUNDL [05Ba0A]. There is an increasing role of measurements
of reactions with neutrons and γ-rays not fully considered in previous compilations. Properties
of the unbound states seen as neutron/charged particle resonances were collected earlier in LB
I/16BC [98Sc0A, 04BrZU], LB I/19A1,2 [04Sc0B, 05Sc0A] and LB I/24 [09Sc0A]. In this volume
I/25Awecollectednewdatapublishedin2005-2010andnewinterpretationsofnuclearexcitations.
Numbers of excited states in this volume are given in Table 1 as a ratio N /N where N , N are
b s b s
numbers of levels in the book and in the Supplement.
This compilation of properties of nuclear excited states is motivated by scientific and practical
applications of nuclear data. Properties of isomeric states are important in applications and are
considered in Chapter 2 of this volume. The scientific importance of nuclear data is connected to
the development of nuclear theoretical models [09La22, 06Wi07, 02Wi14]. The modern trend in
nucleartheoryconsistsintheso-called“abinitio”approach[01Pi07,01Pi16]wherethefundamental
nucleon interaction is the starting point in calculations of properties of all nuclei. A. Arima,
J.SchifferandT.Otsukainreviewsinthe2007InternationalNuclearPhysicsConference[08Ar05,
08Sc11, 08Ot04] showed an important role of the idea by H. Yukawa about the pion-exchange
mechanisminmodernnucleartheory. Thetensorforceasadirectconsequenceofthepion-exchange
mechanism is responsible for many observed regularities in nuclear excitations [07Ot03, 05Ot03,
10Ot01, 10Ot03] and it is considered in Chapter 3 of this volume. The progress in the theory
connected with the Effective Field Theory (EFT) suggested by S. Weinberg and with lattice QCD
calculations of gluon quark-dressing effects was discussed in LB I/22A.
The recent ab-initio approach in the theory and the understanding of the important role of
the pions-exchange permitted calculations of properties of light nuclei important for astrophysics.
TheseapplicationsofnucleardatawerereviewedbyG.Mathews,H.SchatzandD.Dean[08Ma27,
09Sc17, 08De21]. The nuclear physics input in calculations of astrophysical reaction rates is pre-
sentedbyC.Iliadiset al. [10Il05]. Exoticmodesofexcitationsareconsideredin[07Pa17, 06Pe35].
Theoretical aspects of the application of nuclear data in astrophysical calculations are considered
by P. Descouvemont [10De0A, 10Ad02] in LB I/25B.
Nucleon clustering effects are discussed in [08De07, 06Ma72, 08Fu06, 09Fu16, 08Fu14, 06Fu09,
04To15, 11Su14, 10Fr03, 10Ka0A]. Such topics in the nuclear theory as the supersymmetry and
an interconnection with QCD are considered in [09IaZZ, 09Ep0A, 97VaZZ]. For the development
of new trends in the theory a great number of experimental data is still needed. Two kinds of
methodsusingneutralinitialparticlescanbeexploited,namely,γ-scatteringandneutroncapture.
Thefirstclassofexperimentswasconductedatleastinfourlaboratories,inoverwhelmingmajority
attheStuttgartDYNAMITRON,attheS-DALINACatDarmstadt,theELBEfacilityatDresden,
andatTUNL(DukeUniversity)[06Kn02, 05Sc0B, 08BoZK,08Sh23]. Descriptionsofthefacilities
and the resultsobtained attheDYNAMITRON Stuttgart and atELBE Dresdenare presentedby
U. Kneissl and A. Zilges in LB I/25B and E. Grosse and A.R. Junghans in LB I/25D.
A great number of new excited states were measured in neutron capture experiments. The
method of γγ spectra measurements used in JINR by A. Sukhovoy and V.A. Khitrov [10Su21] is
considered in Chapter 4 of the present volume. Other results of capture γ-ray measurements are
described by I. Tomandl in LB I/25C.
Landolt-B¨ornstein DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-22798-11
New Series I/25A (cid:2)cSpringer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2012