ebook img

Nuclear Structure Far from Stability: New Physics and New Technology 2008 (International School of Physics) PDF

591 Pages·2008·15.69 MB·English
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview Nuclear Structure Far from Stability: New Physics and New Technology 2008 (International School of Physics)

Nuclear Structure far from Stability: New Physics and New Technology, Course CLXIX A. COVELLO et al., Editors IOS Press This page intentionally left blank SOCIETA` ITALIANA DI FISICA RENDICONTI DELLA SCUOLA INTERNAZIONALE DI FISICA “ENRICO FERMI” CLXIX Corso a cura di A. Covello, F. Iachello e R. A. Ricci Direttori del Corso e di G. Maino VARENNA SUL LAGO DI COMO VILLA MONASTERO 17 – 27 Luglio 2007 Struttura dei nuclei lontano dalla valle di stabilita`: nuova fisica e nuova tecnologia 2008 SOCIETA` ITALIANA DI FISICA BOLOGNA-ITALY ITALIAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF PHYSICS “ENRICO FERMI” Course CLXIX edited by A. Covello, F. Iachello and R. A. Ricci Directors of the Course and G. Maino VARENNA ON LAKE COMO VILLA MONASTERO 17 – 27 July 2007 Nuclear Structure far from Stability: New Physics and New Technology 2008 AMSTERDAM, OXFORD, TOKIO, WASHINGTON DC Copyright ⃝c 2008 by Societa` Italiana di Fisica All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN 978-1-58603-885-4 (IOS) ISBN 978-88-7438-041-1 (SIF) Library of Congress Control Number: 2008929438 Production Manager Copy Editor A. Oleandri M. Missiroli jointly published and distributed by: IOS PRESS ` SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA Nieuwe Hemweg 6B Via Saragozza 12 1013 BG Amsterdam 40123 Bologna The Netherlands Italy fax: +31 20 620 34 19 fax: +39 051 581340 Supported by Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) This page intentionally left blank INDICE A. Covello and F. Iachello – Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pag.XVII R. A. Ricci – Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XIX Gruppo fotografico dei partecipanti al Corso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX F. Iachello – Intellectual challenges at radioactive beam facilities . . . . . . . 1 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2. Dynamic symmetries and supersymmetries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3. Shape phase transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4. Critical symmetries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5. Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 W. Greiner and V. Zagrebaev – Superheavy and giant nuclear systems 13 Dedication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2. Nuclear shells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3. Adiabatic dynamics of heavy nuclear system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4. Deep inelastic scattering of heavy nuclei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 5. Low-energy collisions of transactinide nuclei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 6. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 R. A. Ricci – Phenomenological nuclear spectroscopy (a personal recollec- tion) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Introduction: Nuclear spectroscopy: an old story . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 1. The γ-scintillation era . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2. Nuclear spectroscopy with direct reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 3. Selection of nuclear states. In beam γ-ray spectroscopy. The advent of heavy-ion nuclear reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 4. The evolution of the nuclear-structure problem. The case of 1f7/2 spec- troscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 . 4 1. The revival of 1f7/2 spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 5. Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 VII VIII indice T. Aumann – Experimental program with rare-isotope beams at FAIR. . . . pag. 57 1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 2. The radioactive beam facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 3. Experiments with slowed-down and stopped beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 . 3 1. The low-energy branch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 . 3 2. High-resolution in-flight spectroscopy (HISPEC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 . 3 3. Decay spectroscopy (DESPEC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 . 3 4. The advanced trapping system MATS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 . 3 5. The Laser-spectroscopy experiment LASPEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 4. Scattering experiments with high-energy rare-ion beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 . 3 4 1. Reactions with Relativistic Radioactive Beams (R B) . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 . 4 2. Collective multipole response of proton-neutron asymmetric nuclei . . 69 5. Experiments with stored and cooled beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 . 5 1. Isomeric Beams, Lifetimes, and Masses (ILIMA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 . 5 2. Reactions at internal targets in the NESR (EXL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 . 5 3. Electron scattering with short-lived nuclei (ELISe) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 . 5 4. The Antiproton-Ion-Collider AIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 6. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 S. Gales – SPIRAL2 at GANIL: A world leading ISOL facility for the next decade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 2. Description of the project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 3. Performances of the SPIRAL2 facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 . 3 1. Intense stable beams from LINAG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 . 3 2. The radioactive ion production system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 4. Selected examples of the scientific opportunities at SPIRAL2 . . . . . . . . . . . 87 5. Construction of the facility and International Collaborations . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 6. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 K. Riisager – The ISOLDE facility and HIE-ISOLDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 2. Production of radioactive beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 . 2 1. REX-ISOLDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 3. Physics with low-energy beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 . 3 1. Nuclear masses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 . 3 2. Nuclear moments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 . 3 3. Beta decay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 . 3 4. Nuclear astrophysics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 4. Physics with accelerated beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 . 4 1. Miniball experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 . 4 2. Transfer experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 5. The HIE-ISOLDE project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 indice IX T. Motobayashi – RIKEN RI Beam Factory and its research opportunities pag. 101 1. Nuclei far from the stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 2. Fast RI beam and new experimental methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 3. RI Beam Factory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 . 3 1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 . 3 2. Status of RIBF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 . 3 3. New experimental installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 4. Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Steven C. Pieper – Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of light nuclei . . . 111 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 2. Hamiltonians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 . 2 1. Argonne vij . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 . 2 2. Illinois Vijk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 . 2 3. What makes nuclear structure? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 3. Quantum Monte Carlo methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 4. Variational Monte Carlo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 . 4 1. The one-body part of ΨT , Φ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 . 4 2. Representing ΨT in the computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 . 4 3. A variational Monte Carlo calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 . 4 4. Accuracy of VMC energies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 5. Green’s function Monte Carlo—General description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 . 5 1. The short-time propagator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 . 5 2. Problems with nuclear GFMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 . 5 2.1. Limitation on H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 . 5 2.2. Fermion sign problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 . 5 2.3. Mixed estimates extrapolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 . 5 3. A simplified GFMC calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 . 5 4. Examples of GFMC propagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 6. Results for energies of nuclear states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 . 10 10 6 1. Ordering of states in Be and B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 . 6 2. Charge dependence and isospin mixing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 . 6 3. Can modern nuclear Hamiltonians tolerate a bound tetraneutron? . . 135 7. GFMC for scattering states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 8. Coordinate- and momentum-space densities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 . 8 1. RMS radii and one-body densities of helium isotopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 . 8 2. Is an alpha-particle in a sea of neutrons still an alpha-particle? . . . . . 141 . ′ 8 3. Two-nucleon knockout—(e, e pN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 9. Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 P. Navra´til – Ab initio no-core shell model calculations for light nuclei . . 147 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 2. Ab initio no-core shell model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 . 2 1. Hamiltonian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 . 2 2. Basis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 . 2 3. Effective interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.