Nuclear Simulation: Proceedings of an International Symposium and Workshop, October 1987, Schliersee, West Germany

366 Pages·1987·8.414 MB·English

by  M. R. Heller (auth.), Moshe R. Heller (eds.)

Moshe R. Heller
(Editor)
CONTl\.OL DATA
Nuclear Simulation
Proceedings of an
International Symposium and Workshop
October 1987, Schliersee, West Germany
With 107 Figures
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York
London Paris Tokyo
The lntemational Nuclear Simulation Symposium and
Mathematical Modelling Workshop
Initiated, sponsored and oranized by:
Control Data GmbH, West Germany
Co-Sponsors:
Gesellschafi nir Reaktorsicherheit (GRS)
The Society for Computer Simulation (SCS)
Editor:
Moshe R. Heller, Control Data GmbH, FRG
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-83223-9 c-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-83221-5
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-83221-5
Ubl"ll)' of Congress c.talQ&inl-in·Publieation Data
Nuclear simulation.
Proceedings of the International NuciearSimu]ation Symposium
and Mathematical Modelling Worksl\op;
sponsored by Control Data GmbH, GC5ellsdiafl. flir Reaktorsicherheit,
and the Society for CompulerSimulation.
I. Nuclear engineering _S imulation methods _ Congresses.
2. Nuclear engincerinl-Mathematical models -Congresses.
]. International Nuclear Simulation Symposium
and Mathematical Modelli", Workshop (1987: Sdlliersce,(krmany)
II. Heller, Moshe R.
III.Control Data GmbH.
IV. Society for Computer Simulation.
V. GeselbdJafi. fUrReaktorsidlerheit.
TK9OO6.N827 ]987 621.48 87·23461
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2161/3020 S-43210
"For the best and safest method of
philosophizing we should say seems
to be, first to inquire deligently into
the properties of things, and of
establishing these properties by
experiment, and then to proceed more
slowly to hypothesis for the
explanation of them."
ISAAC NEWTON, 1670
Preface
Welcome to Bavaria - Germany and to the INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR SIMULATION
SYMPOSIUM AND MATHEMATICAL MODELLING WORKSHOP. A triennial international
conference jointly promoted by Control.Data, GRS and SCS, which takes
place at Schliersee, a small town near the Alps.
The aim of the Symposium is to cover most of the aspects of nuclear
modelling and simulation in theory and practice, to promote the exchange
of knowledge and experience between different international research
groups in this field, and to strengthen the international contact between
developers and users of modelling and simulation techniques.
On the occasion of the Symposium people of scientific and engineering
disciplines will meet to discuss the state-of-the-art and future
activities and developments.
A large number of contributed papers has been strictly examined and
selected by the papers committee to guarantee a high international
standard.
The book contains the accepted papers which will be presented at the
Symposium. The papers have been classified according to the following
topics:
1. HARDWARE TOOLS
2. SIMULATION-SOFTWARE-TOOLS
3. PLANT ANALYSER
4. REACTOR CORE
5. NUCLEAR WASTE
Authors from 9 countries will meet at the Symposium. They work for
Industrial Companies, Universities and the Research and Development
Institutes so that a broad spectrum of simulation activities is covered:
Theory and application, hardware and software, research and operations.
The editor is greatful to the authors for making possible the publication
of this book, and especially to WOLFGANG F. WERNEB, for the selection of
the papers and the contribution to the success of the Symposium.
Mr. VON HAGEN and Ms. RAUFELDER of Springer-Verlag for the excellent
publication of the proceedings to whom I would like to extend my thanks.
My thanks also go to all of the Control Data people and specially to
Ms. JULIE ESCH who have been involved beyond everyday's work in the
promotion of the Symposium.
Munich, October 1987 M. R. Heller
Table of Contents
Introduction
Simulation "In the Core" (M. R. Heller) .................................. 1
The Role of Symbolic Processing in Supercomputing (R. White) ............. 4
The ETA10 Supercomputer System (C. D. Swanson) .......................... 13
Mathematical Problems in the Simulation of Reactor Plants
(W. F. Werner) .......................................................... 24
Nuclear Power Plant Transient Analysis (G. Breiling) .................... 44
Development of an Advanced Thermal Hydraulics Model for Nuclear
Power Plant Simulation (R. Moffett) ..................................... 56
Finite Element Analysis in Computational Fluid Mechanics
(A. J. Baker) ........................................................... ?3
Prediction of Fluid Behaviour during Reactor Transient
Analysis using Coupled 10 and 3D Models (D. Kirkcaldy,
P.J. Phelps, N. Rhodes) ................................................ 106
ENEA Nuclear Power Plant Engineering Simulator: Mathematical
Models, Performances, Opportunities of Usage (G. M. Mancini,
A. Mattucci) ........................................................... 124
The State of Mathematical Modeling for Power Plant Training
Simulators (L. R. Foulke) .............................................. 138
Concepts and Realization of the KWU Nuclear Plant Analyzer
(H. Moritz, R. Hummel) ................................................. 162
The Design, Development and Operation of a Compact Nuclear
Power Plant Simulator (M. F. Lynch, E. Grimm) .......................... 1??
Design and Analysis of Nuclear Processes with the Apros
(M. Hanninen, E. K. Puska, P. Nystrom) ................................• 188
The Role of Simulation in Control System Design/Modification
(Sen-I Chang, Shih-Jen Wang, Min-Song Lin) ............................. 205
x
USNRC's Nuclear Plant Analyzer: Engineering Simulation Capa-
bilities in the 1990's (E. T. Laats) ................................... 223
CASMO-3/SIMULATE-3 Core Follow Calculations on Oskarshamn 3
(K. Ekberg, S. Lundberg) ............................................... 235
CASMO-3/MBS Benchmark Calculations on RINGHALS PWR
(E. B. Jonsson, M. Eriksson, C. Holmlund, G. Nordstrom) ................ 262
3-D Full Core Calculations for the Long-Term Behaviour of
PWR's (H.-J. Winter, K. Koebke, M. R. Wagner) .......................... 272
Numerical Methods for Advanced LWR Core Simulators (R. Boer,
H. Finnemann) .......................................................... 290
Evaluation of Systematically Derived Neutron Kinetics Models
(A. V. F. Dias, A. F. Henry) ........................................... 308
Computer Simulation of the Long-Term Stability of a Nuclear
Waste Repository in a Salt Dome (M. Wallner) ........................... 326
Response of Underground Openings to Dynamic Loadings
(H.-J. Alheid, K.-G. Hinzen, A. Honecker, W. Sarfeld) .................. 344
Rotated Title Index .................................................... 356
Author Index ........................................................... 357
Introduction
Simulation "In the Core"
M. R. Heller
Control Data GmbH, Munchen, W-Germany
Befo~e the widespread use of the digital machines, relationships and
activities in the scientific-engineering approach were largely deter
mined by the human mind, its formalization and analytic powers. The
scientist or engineer who approaches a real world process tries to
gain insight or an understanding of the phenomena on the process under
study. Today after Chernobyl, which exploded in the world's worst nuclear
accident on 26 April 1986. The desire to prove that the errors which led
to it will never be repeated is understandable, but the main impression
left by the shuttered villages and abandoned fields in which bushes are
begining to sprout is the length of the time necessary to eradicate the
consequences of the original accident.
One of the very powerful methods consists in trying to obtain an abstract
or formal model or representation of the accident (process). The activity
is defined as mod e 1 b u i 1d in g and for mal i z a -
t ion In essence the procedure requires abstraction and simplifi-
cation. Simplification is necessary to restrict the complexity of the
representation. One only chooses those properties within given boundaries
of space or time which are believed to be connected with each other but
unconnected with other properties or other parts of the wo~ld. Basically
the model builder proceeds by hypothesis, induction and deduction.
The complete body of methods is called modelling methodology.
Modelling itself is for a part still considered as an art. There are a
large number of factors that come into play. The representation process
involves almost always "inter- or extrapolation". Certainly, a large
body of methodology is objective and mathematically sound. Many tools
are well-defined and clearly stated. Statistical techniques and para-
2
meter estimation procedures have a firm logical basis, but standard
techniques cannot solve all problems. The final product is the result
of careful trade-off's between existing facts, decision on the choice
of representative details, careful experiment~l work and its interpre
tation. Examples of such issues relate to the choice of formalisms, the
a
evaluation of the validity of priori facts, the required level of
descriptive details etc.
It has sometimes been said that systems with automatic support devices
are far better off than a system with a crew that has to evaluate threat
and then take precautions; the automation is thought to be faster and
without having THE TROUBLE WITH HESITATION BETWEEN STEPS to be taken.
Mod e 1 i n t e g rat ion is introduced; different descriptions
of the same real world process are compared, screened for consistency
and integrated into a whole. This activity is a basic step in scientific
work, especially in the process of developing a theory and working out
general principles. The formal model, though a simplified representation
of reality, always summarizes a vast amount of information, comprising
facts, axioms and hypotheses. If its validity is high or in other words
if its descriptive quality is good, it can be used to obtain useful know
ledge on the system under study. In this sense a model can be seen as an
extremely compact and useful extension of a data base containing loose
pieces of data. With modern computerized receivers and possibly computer
controlled system arrays A HIGHLY EDUCATED OPERATOR CAN LOOK THROUGH
DENSE ENVIRONMENT and give decision-makers correct information.
The s i m u 1 a t ion act i v i t y, being the experimentation
with models, supports not only the model utilization but the model
building as well. The introduction of computational devices requires
provisions for suitable man-machine communication. The nature of this
communication has its impact on the modelling methodology. Man is
especially apt in reasoning and in reuognizing patterns; his computat
tional powers however are limited. A process modelbase is built up,
composed of several candidate models, "primitives" and combinded ones,
with their own features. The creation and testing of an extensive variety
of such models is of key importance and relies upon an efficient use of
advanced parallel processing and supercomputing. At present there are