Nuclear Medicine Textbook: Methodology and Clinical Applications PDF
Preview Nuclear Medicine Textbook: Methodology and Clinical Applications
Duccio Volterrani Paola Anna Erba Ignasi Carrió H. William Strauss Giuliano Mariani Editors Nuclear Medicine Textbook Methodology and Clinical Applications 123 Nuclear Medicine Textbook Duccio Volterrani • Paola Anna Erba Ignasi Carrió • H. William Strauss Giuliano Mariani Editors Nuclear Medicine Textbook Methodology and Clinical Applications Editors Duccio Volterrani Paola Anna Erba Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine Department of Translational Research and Department of Translational Research and Advanced Technologies in Medicine and Surgery Advanced Technologies in Medicine and Surgery University of Pisa University of Pisa Pisa Pisa Italy Italy Ignasi Carrió H. William Strauss Hosp. Sant Pau, Nuclear Medicine Department Molecular Imaging and Therapy Department Autonomous University of Barcelona Cornell University Weill Barcelona New York, NY Spain USA Giuliano Mariani Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine Department of Translational Research and Advanced Technologies in Medicine and Surgery University of Pisa Pisa Italy ISBN 978-3-319-95563-6 ISBN 978-3-319-95564-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95564-3 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Preface There are few up-to-date books dealing with the Nuclear Medicine specialty as a discipline per se, i.e., intended as complete textbooks providing the rationale for understanding the physical, chemical, biological, and pathophysiological bases of all the applications of nuclear medicine in the routine clinical practice, including diagnosis and therapy. In addition to the expertise in therapy with radionuclides, the modern specialist in nuclear medicine must be a specialist in multimodality imaging. This requirement is the guiding con- cept throughout this multiauthor textbook (written by expert authors from Europe and the United States), which presents the spectrum of information required to become a practitioner of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging. The text presents the basic science of radiation physics, interaction of radiation with bio- logic systems, measuring devices for radiation detection and radionuclide imaging, synthesis and biodistribution of radiopharmaceuticals, and approaches to data recording and analysis that comprise the clinical applications of nuclear medicine in diagnosis and therapy. Each of the 51 chapters in this 1300 page text contains numerous graphs, tables, diagrams, and patient illustrations designed to meet the needs of students training for a career as practitioners, tech- nologists, physicists, and/or data analysts. Each chapter provides detailed learning objectives, comprehensive text, and visual material to provide the reader with the information necessary to understand the topic. In addition to the basic science and clinical material, chapters on Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging provide foundation knowledge to employ these important complementary, imaging techniques in hybrid imaging. To supplement the basic science and clinical applications of radionuclide imaging, the authors present current guidelines from international organizations on approved indications to perform specific procedures, recommendations on appropriate techniques to perform and interpret the procedures as well as recommendations from the International Commission on Radiation Protection to perform these procedures with the lowest recommended radiation bur- den to the patient and the clinical staff. In addition, case presentations in the clinical chapters illustrate the specific application of the radiopharmaceutical procedures. The clinical case presentations are supplemented by additional patient material, presented in Chaps. 47 and 48. These cases allow the reader to combine the clinical history, laboratory findings, radiographic and radionuclide findings to get acquainted with the most typical presentations for diagnosis or therapeutic plan to manage the patient. Developing this text has required the work of many people with different areas of expertise. The authors and editors want to offer special thanks to the numerous individuals from our publisher, Springer Publishing Co., for their work in typesetting, layout, and printing, to bring this project to fruition. Pisa, Italy Duccio Volterrani Pisa, Italy Paola Anna Erba Barcelona, Spain Ignasi Carrió New York, NY H. William Strauss Pisa, Italy Giuliano Mariani April 2019 v Contents Part I B asic Science 1 Fundamentals of Natural and Artificial Radioactivity and Interaction of Ionizing Radiations with Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Alberto Del Guerra and Daniele Panetta 2 Single-Photon-Emitting Radiopharmaceuticals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Federica Orsini, Erinda Puta, Federica Guidoccio, and Giuliano Mariani 3 Positron-Emitting Radiopharmaceuticals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Piero A. Salvadori, Elena Filidei, and Assuero Giorgetti 4 Radiopharmaceuticals for Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Federica Orsini, Federica Guidoccio, and Giuliano Mariani 5 Methods and Instrumentation for Measuring Radioactivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Maria Evelina Fantacci 6 General-Purpose Gamma Cameras, Dedicated Gamma Cameras, and Gamma-Probes for Radioguided Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Roberto Pani, Federica Guidoccio, Raffaele Scafè, Pat Zanzonico, and Giuliano Mariani 7 Image Acquisition and Processing with Gamma Cameras Including Integrated SPECT/CT and Dedicated Gamma Cameras . . . . . . . . . . 173 Duccio Volterrani, Federica Guidoccio, Giulia Puccini, and Sara Mazzarri 8 Principles of CT and MR imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Christian Bracco, Daniele Regge, Michele Stasi, Michela Gabelloni, and Emanuele Neri 9 PET/CT and PET/MR Tomographs: Image Acquisition and Processing . . . . . . 199 Nicola Belcari, Ronald Boellaard, and Matteo Morrocchi 10 Essentials of Quantitative Imaging with PET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Adriaan A. Lammertsma 11 Principles of Radiation Biology and Dosimetry for Nuclear Medicine Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 Massimo Salvatori, Amedeo Capotosti, and Luca Indovina 12 Radiation Protection for Patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 Lawrence T. Dauer, Sören Mattsson, Eliseo Vañó, and Yoshiharu Yonekura 13 Radiation Protection for Personnel and the Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 Antonio C. Traino 14 Essentials of CT Image Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 Davide Caramella, Matteo Revelli, and Alessandro Villa vii viii Contents 15 Essentials of MR Image Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 Davide Caramella and Fabio Chiesa 16 Image-Guided and Radioguided Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 Francesco Giammarile, Sergi Vidal-Sicart, Federica Orsini, Renato A. Valdés Olmos, and Giuliano Mariani Part II Organ/Apparatus-Specific Applications 17 Radionuclide Imaging for Non-tumor Diseases of the Brain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 Duccio Volterrani, Giampiero Giovacchini, and Andrea Ciarmiello 18 Hybrid Imaging for Tumors of the Brain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 Giampiero Giovacchini, Mattia Riondato, Patrizia Lazzeri, Elisa Borsò, Valerio Duce, Rossella Leoncini, Elisabetta Giovannini, and Andrea Ciarmiello 19 Hybrid Imaging of the Head and Neck Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 Alejandro Fernández and Valle Camacho 20 Radionuclide Imaging of Cardiovascular Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 Matteo Bauckneht, Flavia Ticconi, Roberta Piva, Riemer H. J. A. Slart, Alberto Nieri, Silvia Morbelli, Paola Anna Erba, Cecilia Marini, H. William Strauss, and Gianmario Sambuceti 21 Radionuclide Imaging of Benign Pulmonary Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499 Federica Guidoccio, Edoardo Airò, and Giuliano Mariani 22 Hybrid Imaging for Tumours of the Chest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523 Roberto C. Delgado Bolton and Adriana K. Calapaquí Terán 23 Hybrid Imaging for Breast Malignancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543 Federica Padovano, Giuliano Mariani, and Marco Ferdeghini 24 Hybrid Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy of Musculoskeletal Diseases . . . . . 571 Paola Anna Erba, Martina Sollini, Roberta Zanca, Roberto Boni, Lesley Flynt, Elena Lazzeri, Giuliano Mariani, and Torsten Kuwert 25 Hybrid Imaging of Melanoma and Other Cutaneous Malignancies . . . . . . . . . . 645 Montserrat Estorch 26 Hybrid Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy in Hemato-oncology . . . . . . . . . . . . 655 Paola Anna Erba, Martina Sollini, Roberto Boni, and Sara Galimberti 27 Hybrid Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy for Thyroid Disorders . . . . . . . . . . 707 Federica Guidoccio, Gayane Aghakhanyan, and Mariano Grosso 28 Hybrid Imaging in Non-thyroidal Endocrinological Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749 Duccio Volterrani, Federica Guidoccio, and Giuliano Mariani 29 Hybrid Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy of Neuroendocrine Tumors . . . . . . 767 Duccio Volterrani, Lisa Bodei, and Federica Guidoccio 30 Radionuclide Imaging of the Nephro- Urinary Tract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785 Duccio Volterrani, Federica Orsini, and Federica Guidoccio 31 Functional Imaging for Benign Conditions of the Gastrointestinal Tract . . . . . . 809 Gayane Aghakhanyan, Elisa Fiasconaro, Elisa Tardelli, Mariano Grosso, and Italia Paglianiti 32 Hybrid Imaging for Malignant Conditions of the Gastrointestinal Tract . . . . . . 841 Joan Duch and Albert Flotats Contents ix 33 Radionuclide Therapy for Tumors of the Liver and Biliary Tract . . . . . . . . . . . . 859 Federica Guidoccio, Giuseppe Boni, Duccio Volterrani, and Giuliano Mariani 34 Hybrid Imaging for Gynecologic Malignancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881 Elisa Lodi Rizzini, Elena Tabacchi, and Cristina Nanni 35 Hybrid Imaging for Male Malignancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899 Akram Al-Ibraheem, Abdullah S. Al Zreiqat, Serena Chiacchio, and Abedallatif A. AlSharif 36 Nuclear Medicine in Pediatrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925 Pietro Zucchetta and Diego De Palma 37 Hybrid Imaging of the Peripheral Lymphatic System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 951 Paola Anna Erba, Roberto Boni, Martina Sollini, Andrea Marciano, Rossella Di Stefano, and Giuliano Mariani 38 Molecular Guidance for Planning External Beam Radiation Therapy . . . . . . . . 977 Federica Orsini, Giovanna Pepe, Arturo Chiti, Giuseppe Roberto D’Agostino, Annibale Versari, Carlo Cavedon, Marco Ferdeghini, Paola Anna Erba, and Martina Sollini Part III Practice and Procedures (with Supplemental Online Files) 39 Radiopharmacy/Radiochemistry for Conventional Single-Photon Emitting and Therapeutic Radiopharmaceuticals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1009 Alessandra Boschi and Adriano Duatti 40 Radiopharmacy/Radiochemistry for Positron-Emitting Radiopharmaceuticals, Including Quality Assurance and Process Validation Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1019 Piero A. Salvadori 41 Recommendations for Conducting Clinical Trials with Radiopharmaceuticals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1039 Clemens Decristoforo and Serge K. Lyashchenko 42 Standard Operating Procedures for Quality Control of Gamma Cameras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1051 Angela Vaiano 43 Standard Operating Procedures for Quality Control of PET/CT and PET/MR Tomographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1061 Alessandra Zorz and Alessandro Scaggion 44 Standard Operating Procedures for Quality Control of Instrumentation for Radioguided Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1079 Angela Vaiano 45 Technical Aspects of Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry and Quantitative Computed Tomography for Assessment of Bone Mineral Density and Body Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1085 Pat Zanzonico 46 Current Practical Guidelines for the Most Common Nuclear Medicine Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1099 Irene Marini, Onelio Geatti, and H. William Strauss x Contents 47 Teaching Cases in Nuclear Medicine: Non-oncological Applications . . . . . . . . . .1139 Venanzio Valenza, Isabella Bruno, Daniela Di Giuda, Germano Perotti, Fabrizio Cocciolillo, Valerio Lanni, Lucia Leccisotti, Daria Maccora, and Valentina Scolozzi 48 Teaching Cases in Nuclear Medicine: Oncological Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . .1199 Laura Evangelista, Lucia Setti, Anna Rita Cervino, Gianluigi Ciocia, Lea Cuppari, Riccardo Vicinelli, and Emilio Bombardieri 49 Radiological Anatomy with CT: What the Nuclear Physician Should Know When Reading a PET/CT Scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1241 Davide Caramella, Matteo Revelli, and Alessandro Villa 50 Radiological Anatomy with MR: What the Nuclear Physician Should Know When Reading a PET/MR Scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1257 Davide Caramella and Fabio Chiesa 51 Interpreting and Reporting the Results of Radionuclide Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1279 H. William Strauss and Federica Orsini Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1297 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1305 Contributors Gayane Aghakhanyan Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Translational Research and Advanced Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy Edoardo Airò Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana Gabriele Monastero, Pisa, Italy Akram Al-Ibraheem Department of Nuclear Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan Abedallatif A. AlSharif Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan Abdullah S. Al Zreiqat Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan Matteo Bauckneht Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy Nicola Belcari Department of Physics “E. Fermi”, University of Pisa and INFN, Pisa, Italy Lisa Bodei Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA Ronald Boellaard Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Emilio Bombardieri Nuclear Medicine Department, Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo, Italy Scientific Direction, Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo, Italy Giuseppe Boni Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy Roberto Boni Nuclear Medicine Service, “Papa Giovanni XXIII” Hospital, Bergamo, Italy Elisa Borsò Nuclear Medicine Department, “S. Andrea” Hospital, La Spezia, Italy Alessandra Boschi Department of Morphology, Surgical and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy Christian Bracco Department of Medical Physics, Institute for Cancer research and Treatment, Candiolo, Turin, Italy Isabella Bruno Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy Adriana K. Calapaquí Terán Department of Pathology, University Hospital Marques de Valdecilla (HUMV), Santander, Cantabria, Spain Valle Camacho Nuclear Medicine Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain Amedeo Capotosti Department of Physics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy xi
The list of books you might like
