Nuclear Materials Safety Management Volume II

247 Pages·1999·7.637 MB·English

by  Leslie J. Jardine (auth.), Leslie J. Jardine, Mikhail M. Moshkov (eds.)

Nuclear Materials Safety Management Volume II
NATO Science Series
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Series 1: Disarmament Technologies - Voi. 27
Nuclear Materials Safety
Management Volume II
edited by
Leslie J. Jardine
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,
Livermore, California, U.S.A.
and
Mikhail M. Moshkov
v.G. Khlopin Radium Institute,
St. Petersburg, Russia
Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
Nuclear Materials Safety Management Volume"
St. Petersburg, Russia
8-10 June 1998
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-0-7923-5891-6 ISBN 978-94-011-4501-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-4501-5
Printed on acid-free paper
AII Rights Reserved
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1999
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in
any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by
any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright
owner.
CONTENTS
Preface
Leslie J. Jardine ....................................................................................................... vii
Acknowledgments
Leslie J. Jardine and Mikhail M Moshkov .............................................................. .ix
WELCOME AND INTRODUCTION
Opening Remarks
Leslie J. Jardine ........................................................................................................ 1
OVERVIEWS AND PERSPECTIVES
Russian Viewpoint on the Safety of Nuclear Materials
V. A. Gubanov .......................................................................................................... 3
U.S. Perspectives on Nuclear Materials Safety
Terry R. Lash ............................................................................................................ 9
The RF Regulators' View ofNuclear Materials Safety
A. M Dmitriyev and A. 1. Kislov ............................................................................. 1 7
Medical Provision of Radiation Safety While Handling Radioactive Substances
Svetlana G. Monastyrskaia ..................................................................................... 21
Summary of Nuclear Materials Safety ARW in Amarillo and its Relationship to this
Workshop
K. L. Peddicord, Leonard N. La=arev, Leslie J. Jardine ........................................... 2 5
vi Contents
REACTOR SAFETY AND MOX FUELS
Cooperative Efforts to Improve the Safety of Soviet-Designed Nuclear Power Plants
Laurin R. Dodd ...................................................................................................... 3 1
Research on Nuclear Criticality Safety and Accident Risk Evaluation for Nuclear Fuel
Cycle Facilities
S. K. Kou=mine,B. G. Rya=anov, V. 1. Sviridov, V. V. Frolov. ................................... 43
Safety and the French-German-Russian Trilateral MOX Fabrication Facility in Russia:
DEMOX
G. Brähler, J Pierre, Evgeni. I. Tyurin, L.I. Petrova ............................................... 53
Safety of the Belgonucleaire MOX Fabrication Plant
Yvon Vanderborck, Jean van Vliet ........................................................................... 6 I
Ensuring the Safety of MOX Fuel Transport
A. V. Afanassiev, A. L. La=arev, N. S. Tikhonov, A. I. Tokarenko ............................ 7 3
Safety Problems for Long-Term Underground Storage and Final Disposal of Nuclear
Materials
T. A. Gupalo, V. P. Beygul, R. T. Islamov ............................................................... 79
VITRIFICATION SAFETY WITH EXTRAPOLATIONS TO PLUTONIUM
Safety Issues of Russian EP-500 Ceramic Melter and the Feasibility of Its Usage to
Vitrify Pu-Containing Materials
G. B. Borisov, A. S. Polyakov, 0. A. Mansourov ..................................................... 85
French Vitrification Process Safety Issues
Pierre Hubert. ......................................................................................................... 9 5
British Vitrification Process Safety Issues
C. J Thompson .................................................................................................... 105
DWPF Vitrification Safety Issues
F. Beranek. ........................................................................................................... 1 13
Contents vii
MOL Vitrification Process (PAMELA) Safety Issues
JejClaes ............................................................................................................... 117
PLUTONIUM PROCESSING SAFETY ISSUES OF IMMOBILIZATION IN
CERAMICS
Safety Problems of Plutonium Management and its Immobilization in trystal
Mineral-like Fonns
E. B. Anderson, B. E. Burakov, E. /. Ilyenko ......................................................... 129
Safety Issues of V.S. Ceramic Process for Excess Plutonium Immobilization
Chin W. Ma, Leslie J. Jardine, Guy A. Armantrout ................................................ 137
SAFETY OF PLUTONIUM PROCESSING OPERATIONS AND SUUTDOWN
Safety Problems Related to the Operation and Shutdown of Radiochemical
Production
Yu. A. Revenko, Yu. P. Sorokin, N. N. Sergeyev. .................................................... 149
The Problem of Fire and Explosion Safety in Radiochemical Production Processes
Ye. R. Na=in, G. M Zachinyayev, and G. F. Yegorov ........................................... 157
Safety Issues Associated with Safe Shutdown and Operation of Plutonium Processing
Plants
C. J. Thompson .................................................................................................... 165
V.S. DOE Safety Knowledge Base: Its Integration and Vtilization
Fred E. Witmer ..................................................................................................... 1 75
DEVELOPMENT OF A NUCLEAR MATERIALS SAFETY PROGRAM
FOR TUE YEAR 2000
Establishing a Basis for a Vnited States-Russian Federation Multi-year Program in
Nuclear Materials Safety
Paul F. Krumpe .................................................................................................... 189
viii Contents
The University-to-University Components
K. L. Peddicord, Paul Nelson, Marvin L. Adams, David R. Boyle, Andrew
McFarland, John Poston, Emile Schweikert, Max Roundhil, Carl Beard, V V
Khromov, V Klimanov, V Bolyatko, E. Kryuchkov, Y. Ka=ansky, I Vorobyova ..... 197
The Master of Science Graduate Program in Nuclear Material Safe Management
V V Khromov, E.F. Kryuchkov, VI Savander, NI Geraskin, A.N Chmelev, K.L.
Peddicord, David R. Boyle, Paul Nelson, Carl Beard. ........................................... 20 1
University Contributions to Research in Nuclear Materials Safety
Marvin L. Adams, Igor Carron, Andrew R. McFarland, Paul Nelson, Emile A.
Schweikert, Carl A. Beard, Victor V Bolyatko, Edward F. Kryuchkov, Hani
Mahmassani, John C. Rodgers, D. Max Roundhill. ............................................... 207
The Lab-to-Institute Components-RF View
Leonard N. La=arev .............................................................................................. 221
The Lab-to-Institute Components-U.S. View
Leslie J Jardine .................................................................................................... 227
Possible Approaches for a Lab-to-Lab Program Plan
Chin W. Ma and Leslie J Jardine .......................................................................... 233
Approaches to Prioritizing the Lab-to-Lab Program
Mary Young, Dave Carlson ................................................................................... 239
SUMMARY AND CLOSING DISCUSSION
Workshop Summary and Wrap-up: Panel and Participant Discussions
Leslie J Jardine, K. L. Peddicord, M Moshkov, L. N La=arev .............................. 243
INDEX OF AUTHORS AND TITLES .................................................................. 24 7
GLOSSARY .......................................... '" ............................................................. 2 51
PREFACE
LESLIE J. JARDINE
Lmvrence Livermore National LaboratOlY
Livermore, CA 94551 U.S.A.
The Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) on Nuc1ear Materials Safety
held lune 8-10, 1998, in St. Petersburg, Russia, was attended by 27 Russian experts
from 14 different Russian organizations, seven European experts from six different
organizations, and 14 V.S. experts from seven different organizations. The ARW was
conducted at the State Education Center (SEC), a former Minatom nuc1ear training
center in St. Petersburg. Thirty-three technical presentations were made using
simultaneous translations.
These presentations are reprinted in this volume as a formal ARW
Proceedings in the NATO Science Series. The representative technical papers
contained here cover nuc1ear material safety topics on the storage and disposition of
excess plutonium and high enriched uranium (HEU) fissile materials, inc1uding
vitrification, mixed oxide (MOX) fuel fabrication, plutonium ceramics, reprocessing,
geologic disposal, transportation, and Russian regulatory processes.
This AR W completed discussions by experts of the nuc1ear materials safety
topics that were not covered in the previous, companion ARW on Nuc1ear Materials
Safety held in Amarillo, Texas, in March 1997. These two workshops, when viewed
together as a set, have addressed most nuc1ear material aspects of the storage and
disposition operations required for excess HEV and plutonium (see Fig. 1, Opening
Remarks). As a result, specific experts in nuclear materials safety have been
identified, know each other from their participation in the two ARW interactions,
and have developed a partial consensus and dialogue on the most urgent nuclear
materials safety topics to be addressed in a formal bilateral program on the subject. A
strong basis now exists for maintaining and developing a continuing dialogue between
Russian, European, and V.S. experts in nuc1ear materials safety that will improve the
safety of future nuc1ear materials operations in all the countries involved because of
the positive synergistic effects of focusing these diverse backgrounds of nuc1ear
experience on a common objective-the safe and secure storage and disposition of
excess fissile nuc1ear materials.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
LESLIE J. JARDINE
Lmvrence Livermore National Laboratory
Livermore, CA 94551, USA.
MIKHAIL M. MOSHKOV
V G. Khlopin Radium Institute
28, 2-nd Murinsky Ave., St. Petersburg, Russia 194021
This Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) generated a second timely
important interaction on the topic of nuc1ear materials safety management for the
disposition of excess weapons plutonium and high enriched uranium. The first AR W,
held in March 1997 in Amarillo, Texas, was documented in a companion ARW
volume. These two volumes form asound foundation upon which to build future
interactions and multi-lateral programs that can enhance the safety of the disposition
of excess fissile materials no longer required by the United States and Russia.
The authors are grateful for financial support from the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization (NATO) through a Disarmament Program Advanced Research
Workshop grant (DISRM-ARW-970483), the United States Department of Energy
(U.S. DOE), the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Atomic Energy (Minatom)
and the Amarillo National Resource Center for Plutonium (ANRCP). Without this
support, this ARW and the invaluable exchanges between ARW participants from
NA TO countries and Russia would not have been possible. The authors want t 0
specifically thank Nancy Schulte, NATO, for her continued encouragement to
organize and conduct this ARW.
The authors appreciate the outstanding assistance of the organizing
committee, whose other members were K. L. Peddicord, Texas A&M University;
Leonard N. Lazarev, V. G. Khlopin Radium Institute; and Fred Witmer and Paul
Krumpe, U.S. Department of Energy. The endless encouragement and enthusiasm of
Lee Peddicord are specifically acknowledged, as are the efforts of Leonard Lazarev,
which inc1uded coordinating all aspects of the Russian technical participation in the
ARW.