Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms 1992: Vol B66 Table of Contents

341 Pages·1992·68.1 MB·English

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VOLUME B66 Nos. 1, 2 To be followed by NIMBEU B66 (1, 2) 1-306 (1992)
MARCH (Il) 1992 Potty ISSN 0168-583X
| B65 Nos. 1-4
Nuclear Instruments
& Methods
in Physics Research
Editor-in-Chief: Kai Siegbahn
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Materials
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Editors: H. H. Andersen & L. E. Rehn
NH. Proceedings of the Third international Conference on
Chemical Analysis
Namur, Belgium, 8-12 July 1991
North-Holland
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH
Editor-in-Chief: Kai Siegbahn
SECTION B: BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
Editors: H.H. Andersen & L.E. Rehn
Editorial Board
M. AONO (Saitama) P. HEMMENT (Guildford) B. STRITZKER (Augsburg)
B.R. APPLETON (Oak Ridge) G.J.F. LEGGE (Melbourne) 1.S.T. TSONG (Tempe)
R.S. AVERBACK (Urbana) J.W. MAYER (Ithaca) E. UGGERH@J (Aarhus)
J.L. CAMPBELL (Guelph) P. MAZZOLDI (Padova) F. VAN DER VEEN (Amsterdam)
N.N. GERASIMENKO (Novosibirsk) S.T. PICRAUX (Albuquerque) Zhong-Lie WANG (Beijing)
G. GOTZ (Jena) P.B. PRICE (Berkeley) G. WEYER (Geneva)
J. GYULAI (Budapest) J.P. RIVIERE (Poitiers) Y. YAMAZAKI (Tokyo)
Information for Authors
Section B of Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research (NIM B) has been formed to provide a special forum for the
discussion of all aspects of the interaction of energetic beams with atoms, molecules and aggregate forms of matter. This includes
ion beam analysis and ion beam modification of materials as well as studies of the basic interaction mechanisms of importance for
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Prof. H.H. Andersen Dr. L.E. Rehn
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Published monthly Printed in The Netherlands
Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research
B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms
EDITORIAL BOARD
M. AONO (Saitama) S.T. PICRAUX (Albuquerque)
B.R. APPLETON (Oak Ridge) P.B. PRICE (Berkeley)
R.S. AVERBACK (Urbana) J.P. RIVIERE (Poitiers)
J.L. CAMPBELL (Guelph) B. STRITZKER (Augsburg)
N.N. GERASIMENKO (Novosibirsk) 1.S.T. TSONG (Tempe)
G. GOTZ (Jena) E. UGGERH@J (Aarhus)
J. GYULAI (Budapest) F. VAN DER VEEN (Amsterdam)
P. HEMMENT (Guildford) Zhong-Lie WANG (Beijing)
G.J.F. LEGGE (Melbourne) G. WEYER (Geneva)
J.W. MAYER (ithaca) Y. YAMAZAKI (Tokyo)
P. MAZZOLDI (Padova)
Nuclear Instruments
& Methods
in Physics Research
Editor-in-Chief: Kai Siegbahn
Section B
Beam
Interactions
with
Materials
and
Atoms
VOLUME B66
1992
Editors: H.H. Andersen & L.E. Rehn
North-Holland
© 1992 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. All rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the Publisher, Elsevier
Science Publishers B.V., Copyright & Permissions Department, P.O. Box 521, 1000 AM Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Special regulations for authors - Upon acceptance of an article by the journal, the author(s) will be asked to transfer
copyright to the publisher. This transfer will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information
Submission to this journal of an article implies the transfer of the copyright from the author(s) to the publisher and entails
the author's irrevocable and exclusive authorization of the publisher to collect any sums or considerations for copying or
reproduction payable by third parties (as mentioned in article 17 paragraph 2 of the Dutch Copyright Act of 1912 and in
the Royal Decree of June 20, 1974 (S. 351) pursuant to article 16b of the Dutch Copyright Act of 1912) and /or to act in or
out of Court in connection therewith
Special regulations for readers in the U.S.A. — This Journal has been registered with the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc
Consent is given for copying of articles for personal or internal use, or for the personal use of specific clients. This
consent is given on the condition that the copier pays through the Center the per-copy fee stated in the code on the first
page of each article for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. The appropriate
fee should be forwarded with a copy of the first page of the article to the Copyright Clearance Center, inc., 21 Congress
Street, Salem, MA 01970, U.S.A. If no code appears in an article, the author has not given broad consent to copy and
permission to copy must be obtained directly from the author. All articles published prior to 1981 may be copied for a
per-copy fee of US $02.25, also payable through the Center. (N.B. For review journals this fee is $0.25 per copy per
page.) This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as for general distribution, resale, advertising and
promotion purposes, or for creating new collective works. Special written permission must be obtained from the Publisher
for such copying
No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of
products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas
contained in the materials herein. Although all advertising material is expected to conform to ethical standards, inclusion
in this publication does not constitute a guarantee or endorsement of the quality or value of such product or of the claims
made of it by its manufacturer
This volume is printed on acid-free paper
Printed in The Netherlands
MICROANALYSIS OF LIGHT ELEMENTS
(HYDROGEN TO NEON)
USING CHARGED PARTICLE
ACCELERATORS
Proceedings of the Third International Conference on
Chemical Analysis
Namur, Belgium, 8—12 July 1991
Editor
G. DEMORTIER
LARN, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix
Namur, Belgium
NH
i
1992
NORTH-HOLLAND
The Manuscript of the Proceedings
was received by the Publisher: mid-October to mid-November 1991
Preface
rhe first meeting in the field of Chemical Analysis by Charged Particle Bombardment organized in
Namur was held in September 1971, only one year after the first proton beam was produced by our Van
de Graaff accelerator. Works and research at the LARN had begun in 1970. The LARN was created by
Professor G. Deconninck and all the staff members present from the start (i.e. 22 years ago) are still
there today: Prof. F. Bodart who conducts works on ion implantation, Mr. Y. Morciaux our powerful
technician, and myself. F. Bodart and myself are Ph.D. students of Prof. Deconninck, This basic staff has
then been progressively reinforced with Dr. G. Terwagne, also a Ph.D. of Prof. Deconninck, Mrs. Ch.
Honhon, our efficient secretary, and Mr. J. Nackers, our second technician. We also supervise 6 to 10
graduate and Ph.D. students permanently.
The subject of the 1971 meeting was very wide: all aspects of elemental analysis using charged particle
bombardment were accepted for presentation. They included: Auger spectroscopy, secondary ion mass
spectroscopy (SIMS), charged particle activation analysis, PIXE, PIGE, RBS, NRA, etc. This first
meeting was attended by 70 persons and the Proceedings were published in J. Radioanal. Chem. 12
(1972) 1-385.
The second meeting in September 1981 was entirely devoted to nuclear microprobes. Twenty-three
laboratories using a nuclear microprobe were represented and | think it was the first Symposium on
Nuclear Microprobes well before the First Official International Conference held in 1987 in Oxford.
With this more specific subject we also welcomed about 70 participants and the Proceedings were
published in Nucl. Instr. and Meth. 197 (1982) 1-258.
To keep a relatively low number of participants in order to encourage discussion, the field of the
present meeting was still narrower. We have only accepted papers relating to the analysis of very light
elements: from hydrogen to neon. The meeting took place the week following the Tenth International
Conference on lon Beam Analysis (IBA), Eindhoven, the Netherlands (Proceedings published in Nucl.
Instr. and Meth. B64 (1992)).
The subject of the next meeting (to be held in next millenium if we maintain the same interval of ten
years) has not yet been decided on but, in order to keep a low number of attendees, it is likely to be:
“The Analysis of Elements Emitting a y-ray Between 435 and 445 keV Under Charged Particle
Bombardment”. All the current participants will certainly be on our mailing list and will receive all
useful information in due time.
Four laboratories represented at both meetings of 1971 and 1981 have also sent attendees to our
recent conference
the Nuclear Center of Harwell, represented by Dr. J. McMillan,
the laboratory of the Ecole Normale Supérieure of Paris, represented by Dr. G. Amsel and several of
his students,
the School of Physics of the University of Birmingham, represented by Prof. L. Earwaker and three
coworkers,
the Study Centre for Atomic Energy of Saclay, with Ph. Massiot, J.P. Frontier, A. de Chateau-Thierry
and J. Tirira.
Other research staffs were represented for the second time: the Faure laboratory of South Africa (Dr. A.
Pillay), the Institute of Nuclear Physics of Villeurbanne (Dr. N. Moncoffre and Mr. B. Roux).
I thank the invited speakers who accepted to give a speech on each of the ten lightest elements. They
were selected for their qualification in the field, but also to get a varied range of different citizenships.
All of them were very enthusiastic in accepting my invitation. The speakers were: Dr. W. Lanford (USA)
Vili Preface
for hydrogen, Dr. F. Paszti (Hungary) for helium, Dr. J. Raisaénen (Finland) for lithium, Dr. N.
Moncoffre (France) for boron, Prof. R. Vis (Holland) for carbon, Prof. K. Bethge (Germany) for
nitrogen, Dr. D. Cohen (Australia) for oxygen, Dr. G. Coote (New Zealand) for fluorine, and Prof. G.
Deconninck (Belgium) for neon.
My special thanks are given to Prof. Deconninck, who is the appreciated teacher of all the LARN staff
for accepting a difficult subject: the analysis of neon. Neon is probably one of the less studied elements,
and it was certainly not an easy task for my friend Gaston to review the spare litterature on it. The
eleventh invited speaker was Dr. G. Amsel who suggested a contribution on Resonant Nuclear Reactions
on light elements with low energy beams and very high resolution. G. Amsel finally proposed to let Dr. I.
Vickridge, one of the coauthors, present the paper. Prof. L. Earwaker gave the address during the
conference banquet.
The LARN is part of the Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Namur. This University is
one of the oldest in Belgium, but the decision to deliver Ph.D.s dates only from the 60s. One goal of each
university is to give young scientists the opportunity to meet specialists in their own field. Thanks to two
main sponsors, the Crédit Communal de Belgique and NEW (Namur Europe Wallonie), who have
attributed ten grants covering the full registration fees of ten graduate or newly promoted Ph.D.
students. Several of them were faced with an international audience for the first time.
We also thank Charles Evans and Associates, Canberra, Cameca and Rivac Technology for their
financial support and the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, a Belgian foundation, for the
facilities given to invite well-known speakers.
All sessions were held in the historic building of the Arsenal. It was erected on the direction of
Vauban, the military architect of Louis the XIV, at the end of the 17th century. The inside of the
building was completely restored in 1982 and layed out as the university restaurant.
All the contributed papers were presented as posters, but we suggested that every one who wished
could give a short oral presentation. These presentations were limited to ten minutes, excluding
discussion. A lot of time was then let for discussion during the poster sessions. Each oral contributed
paper was given right after the invited speech on the subject.
Three workshops were also organized on subjects suggested in a questionnaire filled by the registered
participants before the meeting. The selection was not easy to make due to a large scattering of wishes.
The final choice made by the local committee was:
(a) The usefulness of analyses of light elements in metallurgy and the need for confident reference
samples. The discussion was organized by F. Degréve (Péchiney, France) and D. Cohen (ANSTO,
Australia).
(b) The second one, scheduled for an entire afternoon, was devoted to cross sections of various nuclear
reactions induced by the bombardment of light elements with charged particles. This workshop was
chaired by G. Amsel (Paris) and myself, with the efficient help of I. Vickridge (DSIR, Australia), G.
Battistig (Paris) and W. De Coster (IMEC, Heverlee). The summary was written by I. Vickridge and
is published as the last contribution in these Proceedings.
(c) The third one, coinciding with the last session of the meeting, was devoted to the analysis of
hydrogen, the element which has been chosen by more than 30 people of the audience. It was chaired
by W. Lanford (Albany, USA) and G. Ross (INRS Energie, Canada).
For the good organization of these workshops, each participant had the opportunity to fill in sheets to
specify his special wishes. During each workshop, each question and comment was written as a short
summary to be later summarized in a document distributed to all participants.
All the papers were submitted to two referees: one present at the meeting, the other one chosen in
the international community among users of IBA. | thank all of them for their pertinent advice and
specially Ms. H. Brading, Mr. M. Briggs and Prof. L. Earwaker for their valuable help for the correction
of the english in several contributions.
I have appreciated the active participation of each attendee. This five days meeting was suspended
during a half day for a barbecue and a short trip to Brussels. Several of the photographs are published in
this issue of NIM. I hope that this bound volume will be used in the future as a reference book for IBA
of light elements.