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Nubians and the Nubian Language in Contemporary Egypt: A Case of Cultural and Linguistic Contact PDF

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NUBIANS AND THE NUBIAN LANGUAGE IN CONTEMPORARY EGYPT STUDIES IN SEMITIC LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS EDITED BY J. H. HOSPERS Professor of Semitic Languages and Literature and Archeology of the Near East in the University of Groningen xv ALEYA ROUCHDY NUBIANS AND THE NUBIAN LANGUAGE IN CONTEMPORARY EGYPT A CASE OF CULTURAL AND LINGUISTIC CONTACT y' s ' / 6 8' NUBIANS AND THE NUBIAN LANGUAGE IN CONTEMPORARY EGYPT A CASE OF CULTURAL AND LINGUISTIC CONTACT ALEYA ROUCHDY ^ s /68^' E.J. BRILL LEIDEN • NEW YORK • K0BENHAVN • KOLN 1991 The paper in this book meets the guidelines for performance and durability of the Com­ mittee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rouchdy, Aleya. Nubians and the Nubian language in contemporary Egypt: a case of cultural and linguistic contact / by Aleya Rouchdy. p. cm.—(Studies in Semitic language and linguistics, ISSN 0081-8461: 15) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 90-04-09197-1 (pbk.) 1. Nubian languages—Social aspects. 2. Languages in contact— Egypt. 3. Nubians—History. I. Title. II. Series. PL8571.R68 1989 496’. 5—dc20 90-19286 CIP ISSN 0081-8461 ISBN 90 04 09197 1 © Copyright 1991 by E.J. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or translated in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, microfiche or any other means without written permission from the publisher Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by E. J. Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to Copyright Clearance Center, 27 Congress Street, SALEM MA 01970, USA. Fees are subject to change. PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS nobichiassathabin djoro in kitabi agaddemetidjiri inagari nubi malleka inga agadimatitcher I present this book to all my Nubian Friends TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ................................................................................ ix Abbreviations ........................................................................................ xi Preface ..................................................................................................... xm SOCIOHISTORICAL REMARKS ................................................................ 1 1. Historical Overview ................................................................ 1 2. Conclusion ................................................................................ 9 Nubian in Sociolinguistic Perspective............................................ 11 1. Historical Overview ........... 11 2. The Process of Borrowing ..................................................... 29 3. Summary and Conclusion ..................................................... 32 Postscript ................................................................................................ 38 Preface to the Lexicon ......................................................................... 40 Lexicon: Fadicca and Matoki ............................................................ 44 Appendices ............................................................................................ 68 Maps ........................................................................................................ 73 Bibliography ........................................................................................... 76 Index ....................................................................................................... 84 AKNOWLEDGEMENTS The field work for this study was conducted during sabbatical year in Egypt (1978-79) and during the winter of 1985-86 under grants from the American Research Center in Egypt and the Social Research Center. The grants supplemented my sabbatical salary from Wayne State University. This assistance is gratefully acknowledged. I am especially grateful to Mohamad Fikiri of the Social Research Center at the American University in Cairo, whose constant support, advice, and assistance in arranging meetings with Nubian speakers made my field work much easier. I am also indebted to the other members of the Social Research Center, and particularly to Dr. Leila Shukri, the Center’s Director. I must also single out Mr. Mohyeddin Sherif, a speaker of Fadicca from Abu Simbel and Cairo, and Mr. Abdo Mirghani, a speaker of Matoki from Sayyal and Cairo, without whom this work could not have been accomplished. I also want to thank the members of the Nubian Club and the Society Genena Wa Shibaak in Cairo, among whom are the writers Mahmoud Shourbagi, Nour Gaasir, and Zakiya Muhammad Ahmad. I am also grateful to Mr. Mutwalli Badr, Sheikh Abdel Gelil Ali, the late Mr. Youssif Sumbag and his family, and to Dr. Bahr of Ein Shams University, all of whom provided insights into Nubian grammar. My thanks also go to Zeinab Gamal of the American University in Cairo, General Wahba Salih, Mr. al Kaashif, Mr. Hasan Fakhr Eddin and the famous Haj Taha of the Nubian of the village of Dar isslam, as well as to Haj Abdel Waahid, Abdel Wahab Goma, and to my assistant Amal Agab. I am grateful to Fouad Dan- darawi and to the members of his family in Cairo, and Abu Simbel, with whom I stayed and whose generosity and warmth I will always remember. My special thanks go to all the Nubian speakers who par­ ticipated in this study and whose names I cannot include here. Their warmth and generous cooperation made my research pleasurable and productive. I also wish to express my special gratitude to my former colleague Jane Hill, whose study of language death in Tlaxcalan Nahuatl intro­ duced me to the work of Nancy Dorian, whose work in turn inspired my initial research on Nubian. Parts of this research were summarized in two articles that appeared in Dorian’s volume Investigating Obsolescences: Studies in Language Death (Cambridge Press, 1989). She made a number of invaluable suggestions regarding these articles; however, all respon- sability for the shortcomings in this text is mine. X ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It remains to express my gratitude to my friends and colleagues and Mohamed Sawaie and Kenneth Brostrom for their critical readings of the first draft of the present work and for their valuable comments. Finally I want to thank my son, Amr Hafez, who retained his sense of humor while reading the entire manuscript, and to my husband Hani Fakhouri for his illuminating suggestions and constant support during my research in Egypt and later while I was preparing the manuscript. Finally, I would like to acknowledge the contribution of the College of Liberal Arts, Wayne State University for the publication of this manuscript, without which this volume would not have been possible.

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