Novel Superconductivity PDF
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NOVEL SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NOVEL SUPERCONDUCTIVITY Edited by Stuart A. Wolf Naval Research Laboratory Washington, D.C. and Vladimir Z. Kresin Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data International Workshop on Novel Mechanisms of Superconductivity (1987: Berkeley, Calif.) Novel superconductivity. "Proceedings of the International Workshop on Novel Mechanisms of Superconduc tivity, held June 22-26,1987, in Berkeley, California"-T.p. verso. Includes bibliographies and index. 1. Superconductivity-Congresses. I. Wolf, Stuart, A. II. Kresin, Vladimir, Z. III. Title. QC612.S8l57 1987 537.6'23 87-25731 ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-9076-6 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-1937-5 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4613-1937-5 Cover illustrations are taken from "Magnetization of Superconducting Ba(Y, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er, Yb) CuO Systems" by Sang Boo Nam, Sae Woo Nam, and Jean Ok Nam, pages 993-1002. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Novel Mechanisms of Superconductivity, held June 22-26, 1987, in Berkeley, California © 1987 Plenum Press, New York Softcover I-eprint ofthe hal-dcover lst edition 1987 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher International Workshop on Novel Mechanisms of Superconductivity Organizing Committee R. Brandt, Office of Naval Research E. Edelsack, Office of Naval Research V. Kresin, Chairman, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory N. E. Phillips, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley S. A. Wolf, Naval Research Laboratory Local Committee A. Stacy, University of California, Berkeley P. Yu, University of California, Berkeley A. Zettl, University of California, Berkeley Program Committee M. L. Cohen, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley T. Geballe, Stanford University D. Gubser, Naval Research Laboratory W. A. Little, Stanford University International Advisory Board J. Bardeen (USA) G. Deutcher (Israel) D. Finnemore (USA) H. Fukuyama (Japan) V. Ginzburg (USSR) D. Jerome (France) Proceedings V. Kresin S. A. Wolf Sponsor: Office of Naval Research PREFACE The Novel Mechanisms of Superconductivity Conference was initially conceived in the early part of 1986 as a small, 2-1/2 day workshop of 40-70 scientists, both theorists and experimentalists interested in exploring the possible evidence for exotic, non phononic superconductivity. Of course, the historic discoveries of high temperature oxide superconductors by Bednorz and Mftller and the subsequent enhancements by the Houston/Alabama groups made such a small conference impractical. The conference necessarily had to expand, 2-1/2 days became 4-1/2 days and superconductivity in the high Tc oxides became the largest single topic in the workshop. In fact, this conference became the first major conference on this topic and thus, these proceedings are also the first maj or publication. However, heavy fermion, organic and low carrier concentration superconductors remained a very important part of this workshop and articles by the leaders in these fields are included in these proceedings. Ultimately the workshop hosted rearly 400 scientists, students and media including representatives from the maj or research groups in the U.S., Europe, Japan and the Soviet Union. Al though the potential applications of the high Tc have captured the attention of the media, the discoveries were made by the scientists doing basic research and it is the basic science that was covered by this workshop. In fact, this meeting became a kind of celebration of the history of superconductivity and the quest for high Tc. Many of the scientists involved in prior major events were present at this workshop as well as the maj or scientists of the present breakthroughs as can be seen from the program. In this spirit, the first article in this proceedings traces the rather rocky road to our present state. There are many people and organizations responsible for the success of a conference and we thank the Office of Naval Research for their foresight in supporting us even before the monumentous discoveries. We thank the Lawrence Berkeley Lab and Materials and Chemical Sciences Division for hosting this meeting. We would also like to thank Michael Suhr, Harry Lam, Yougtae Kim, Renata Wentzcovitch and Steve Fahy, students of U. C. Berkeley, and Kathie Shaughnessy of the Naval Research Laboratory, for their help in the preparation of this mmuscript. We are grateful to the Berkeley Marina Marriot for their help, and cooperation during our growing pains. Finally, we thank Cris Meyer and Kathy Pepe, without whom this conference would not have happened. Stuart A. Wolf and Vladimir Z. Kresin vii CONTENTS The Rocky Road to High Temperature Superconductivity. .... ... ....... 1 E.A. Ede1sack, D.U. Gubser, and S.A. Wolf I. OONVENTIOHAL SYSTEMS Electric Field Modulation of Low Electron Density Thin Film Superconductors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 A.F. Hebard and A.T. Fiory Superconductivity at Contact of Ultrathin Gold Films with Amorphous Germanium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 B. Dwir and G. Deutscher Superconductivity in Thin Films of Au/Si by Ion Implantation... .... 29 N. Jisrawi, W.L. McLean, and N.G. Stoffel Test of the Tc-Predictions Using the Rigid Band Model for Refractory Compounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 E.L. Haase and J. Ruzicka Superconductivity and Metal Clusters..... ... ... .... ... ... .... ...... 47 W.D. Knight Proximity Effect and Anderson Localization.... .... ................. 51 H. Fukuyama Superconductivity and Disorder in Low Carrier Density La-S...... ... 61 A. Kapitu1nik, A. Dent, T.H. Geba11e and J.H. Kaufman Bounds on Superconducting Properties in E1iashberg Theory... ....... 73 J.P. Carbotte Disorder-Induced Pair Breaking in Superconductors... .... .... ....... 83 T.R. Lemberger and S.G. Lee Flux Lattice Melting in Amorphous Composite In/lnOx Thin Film Superconductors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 P.L. Gammel, A.F. Hebard, and D.J. Bishop Evidence for Non-Phonic Superconductivity in Nb3Ge... ... ..... ...... 95 K.E. Kihlstrom, P.D. Hovda, V.Z. Kresin, and S.A. Wolf ix II. <E.CANIC SUPERCONDUCTORS One-Dimensional Correlations in Organic Superconductors: Magnetism and Superconductivity ........................................ 103 D. Jbrome and F. Creuzet Anisotropic Superconductivity and NMR Relaxation Rate in Organic Superconductors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 135 Y. Hasegawa and H. Fukuyama Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation in the Organic Superconductor (TMTSF) 2 Cl04 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 141 M. Takigawa, H. Yasuoka, G Saito, Y. Maniwa, and T. Takahashi Electronic Band Structure and Point-Contact Spectroscopy of the Organic Superconductor P-(BEDT-TTF)2I3'" .................... 149 M. Weger, J. Kubler, and D. Schweitzer The Origin of Pairing Interaction in Organic Superconductors ....... 159 C. Bourbonnais Synthesis, Structure and Properties of BEDT-TTF Derivatives ........ 171 P.J. Nigrey, B. Morosin and J.F Kwak On the Possibility of High-Temperature Superconductivity in Organic Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 181 J.J. Ladik and T.C. Collins III. HEAVY FERKIONS Heavy Electron Superconductivity ................................. ,. 187 H.R. Ott Heavy Electron Superconductivity: From lK to 90K to ? ............. 201 C.J. Pethick and D. Pines Critical Fields of UBe13 Films ..................................... 215 J.H. Kang, J.Maps, and A.M. Goldman Kondo Lattices: Possible Mechanism for a Non-Phonon Superconductivity, Magnetic-Field-Induced Superconductivity.. 223 O. HudAk Heavy Fermion Properties and their Relation to Electron Band Theory 233 W.E. Pickett Ultrasonic Invatigation of Novel Superconducting Systems ........... 243 M. Levy, A Schenstrom, K.J. Sun, B.K. Sarma Phenomenology of Superconductivity and Magnetic Order in Heavy Fermi Liquids and Narrow-Band Metals. '" ..................... 253 ~.E. DeLong Proximity Effects Between Conventional and Unconventional Superconductors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 A.J. Mills, D. Rainer, J. Sauls x Charge Imbalance Relaxation as a Probe of Anisotropic Heavy Fermion Superconductors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 275 L. Coffey and T.R. Lemberger Effects of Mass Enchantment on Cooper Pairing in Heavy-Fermion Superconductors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 279 E.W. Fenton IV. HIGH Te OKIDES: GENERAL PROPERTIES Parameters and Exotic Properties of High Tc Superconductors........ 287 V.Z. Kresin and S.A. Wolf The Ginzburg Criterion in the High Tc Oxides ....................... 293 G. Deutscher V. THEORIES OF HIGH Te RVB Theory of High Tc Superconductivity ............................ 295 P.W. Anderson Electronic Fluctuation and Pairing ................................. 301 N.W. Ashcroft Non-Phonon Mechanisms of Superconductivity in High Tc Superconducting Oxides and Other Materials and their Manifestation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 309 V.Z. Kresin Interactions and Interfaces in Layered Systems ..................... 323 G.B. Arnold Excitonic Superconductivity in Layer Structures .................... 333 J.Bardeen, D.M. Ginsberg and M.B. Salamon The Exciton Interaction: Its Possible Role in High Temperature Superconductivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 341 W.A. Little Charge Transfer Resonances and Superconductive Pairing in the New Oxide Metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 355 C.M. Varma, S. Schmitt-Rink, and E. Abrahams Bonds, Bands, Charge Transfer Excitations and Superconductivity: YBaz CU3 07 _S vs. YBaz CU3 06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 367 J. Yu, A.J. Freeman and S. Massidda Possible Role of Oxygen Vacancies and Excitonic Mechanism in High Tc Superconducting Oxides ............................... 373 W.H. Hsu and R.V. Kasowski An Exeitonic Model for the New High Temperature Superconductors .... 379 T.C. Collins, A. B. Kunz, and J.J. Ladik Excitonic Theory of High Temperature Oxide Superconductors ......... 385 C.F. Gallo, L.R. Whitney, and P.J. Walsh xi Superexchange Mediated Superconductivity in the Single Band Hubbard Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 395 S. Doniach, P.J. Hirschfeld, M. Inui and A.E. Ruckenstein On Spin-Density Wave State in (Lal-xMX)2 Cu04_0 .................... 401 Y. Hasegawa and H. Fukuyama Critical Temperature of Superconductivty Caused by Strong Correlations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 407 H. Fukuyama, Y. Hasegawa and K. Yosida Superconducting Energy Gap and Pairing Interaction in High Tc Oxides... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . . . ... . . . . . . . .. 411 S. Maekawa, H. Ebisawa, and Y. Isawa Are Spin Density Waves Involved in High Temperature Superconductivity? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 421 E.W. Fenton The Effect of Structural and Antiferromagnetic Phase Transitions on Superconductivity......................................... 429 A.A. Gorbatsevich, V. Ph. Elesin, Yu. V. Kopaev Effects of Coulomb Interaction on Superconductivity ................ 435 Y. Takada The Importance of Different Two Dimensional Plasmon Branches for High Tc Superconductors .................................. 445 V.Z. Kresin and H. Movowitz Basis and Consequences of the Two-Band Model for High Tc Oxide Superconductors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 451 J. Ihm and D.H. Lee Spectra of Plamons in Superconducting Cuprates ..................... 455 J. Ruvalds The Role of Spatial Separation in Pairing Induced by Electronic Modes. . . . . ... . .. . .. . . . . .... . . . ... . . .. . ... . . . . . .. ... . . . . . . . . .. 465 H. Gutfreund Elementary Remarks on High Temperature Superconductors ............. 473 H. Fr6hlich Polaron Effects in High Tc Perovskite Superconductors .............. 475 D.J. Scalapino, R.T. Scalettar, and N.E. Bickers Superconductivity Due to Negative-U Impurities ..................... 481 H.B. SchUttler, M. Jarrell, and D.J. Scalapino Prediction of Anisotropic Thermopower of La2_xMxCu04 ............... 489 P.B. Allen, W.E. Pickett, and H. Krakauer Band Structure and Electron-Phonon Interaction Calculations for Proposed High-Tc Superconducting Oxides: MCu03 (M = La, Ba, Cs, Y) in the Perovskite Structure .............. 493 D.A. Papaconstantopoulos and L.L. Boyer Character of States Near the Fermi Level in YBa2Cu307 .............. 501 H. Krakauer and W.E. Pickett xii Elementary Theories of the Properties of the Cuprates .............. 507 W.A. Harrison Mean Field Approach to Double-Occupancy Induced Pairing in Oxide Superconductors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 515 D.M. Newns Theoretical Model for Oxygen Vacancy Dependence of Tcin the YBazCu30x System ( 6 s x s 8) ................................ 521 F. Herman, R.V. Kasowski and W.Y. Hsu Complex Hamiltonians: Common Features of Mechanisms for High-Tc and Slow Relaxation ......................................... , 531 K.L. Ngai, R.W. Randall, and A.K. Rajagopal Superconductivity Due to Localized Bipolarons in Metal-Oxide Compounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 539 C.S. Ting and D.Y. Xing Dilute Fermi Liquid of Heavy Polarons in Copper Oxide Superconductors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 553 R.B. Laughlin and C.B. Hanna Molecular Orbital Basis for Superconductivity with Applications to High-Tc Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 563 K.H. Johnson, M.E.McHenry, C. Counterman, A. Collins, M.M. Donovan, R.C. 0' Handley , and G. Kalonji Supression of High Temperature Superconductivty by Disorder in the Resonant Valence Bond Model .............................. 577 L. Coffey and D.L. Cox VI. RESEARCH (I{ HIGH T c SUPERCONDUCTIVITY Discovery and Physics of Superconductivity Above 90K ............... 581 C.W. Chu, P.H. Hor, R.L. Meng, L. Gao, Z.J. Huang,Y.Q. Wang, and J. Bechtold Mixed Valence Copper Oxides, High Tc Superconductors: Structural Study and Electron Transport Properties ...................... 599 B. Raveau and C. Michel Tunneling Spectroscopy of Novel Superconductors .................... 611 K.E. Gray, M.E. Hawley and E.R. Moog Thermodynamic Critical Field of Y1BazCu307' ........................ 627 D.K. Finnemore, M.M. Fang, J.R. Clem, R.W. McCallum, J.E. Ostenson, Li Ji, and P. Klavins Microstructure and Superconductivty in High Tc Materials ........... 633 R.W. McCallum, R.N. Shelton, M.A. Noack, J.D. Verhoeven, C.A. Swenson, D.A. Damento, K.A. Gschniedner Jr., E.D. Gibson and A.R. Moodenbaugh Copper Oxidation States, Vacancy Ordering and Their Effect on High Temperature Superconductivty ............................ 647 I. K. Schuller, D.G. Hinks, J.D. Jorgensen, L. Soderholm, M. Beno, K. Zhang, C.D. Segre, Y. Bruynseraede, and J.P. Locquet xiii
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