Notes On Tasreef Al Izzi ( 1)

2022·0.74 MB·

by  aal moalim

NOTES ON
TASREEF AL IZZI
Aal_Moalim
What is the Title of this book?
The title of this book is ي ﺰ ّ ﻌ ﻟ ا ﻒ ﯾﴫ ﺗ or ﱐﺎﳒﺰﻟا ﻒﯾﴫﺗ
Who is The Author?
Name: Abdul Wahhaab b. Ibraahim b. ‘Abdul Wahhaab Al Zinjaani (ﱐﺎﳒﺰﻟا ﻦ10ا ﺰﻋ)
Known as: ‘Izz Al Deen
Born: in Zinjaan, modern day Iran in the early 7th century after the Hijrah (AH)
Died: in Baghdad, modern day Iran around the year 655AH
Famous works: سﺎﻃﺮﻘﻟا ﲑﺴﻔﺗ ﰲ سﺎ9ﻘﳌا ﺢﯿﺤﺼﺗ, ح او ر Gٔ ا ح اﺮ ﻣ ح ﴍ ﰲ ح ﺎ C ﻔ ﻟ ا ﺢ C ﻓ, ﰲﲀOا ﻪMﴍو يدﺎﻬﻟا
What is the purpose for authoring this book?
The purpose of this book is to provide a succinct overview and explanation of the concepts discussed in
the science of Sarf (Arabic Morphology). It is a standard textbook in the science of Sarf and a step up
from the first work titled فﴫﻟا ﲅU ﰲ ءﺎﻨﺒﻟا ﱳﻣ or ل ﺎﻌ ﻓGٔ ا ء ﺎ ﻨ ﺑ
Chapter 1 : Introduction
1.1 : What is Sarf/Tasreef?
Linguistically: ﲑُ ﯿ ِﻐْ \ﺘ ﻟ ا which means to change/morph
Technically: ﺎ ﲠ ِ ﻻ ّ إ ﻞُ ﺼ ُ ﲢْ َ ﻻ ة ٍدَ ﻮ ﺼ ُ ﻘْ ﻣ َ نٍ ﺎﻌ ﻤ َ ﻟِ ﺔٍ ﻔَ ﻠِ ﺘَ ﺨْ ﻣ ُ k ٍ َ jِ ﻣ ْ iٔ ﱃ إ ﺪِ Mِ اﻮ ﻟ ا ﻞِ ﺻ ْ Ge ا ﻞُ ﯾﻮِ ﲢْ َ which means to morph the single
base root to bring about various forms/structures carrying an intended meaning that cannot be attained
except through it [i.e. through this morphing].
Note that the single base root is usually the verbal noun رﺪﺼﻣ or the perfect tense verb ﴈﺎﳌا ﻞﻌﻔﻟا
Note that the various forms and structures ( k ٍ َ jِ ﻣ ْ iٔ) are the following (treating رﺪﺼﻣ as the single base root)

1. ﴈﺎﳌا

2. عرﺎﻀﳌا
3. ﺮ ﻣ Gٔ ا

4. ﻲ~ﳯOا

5. ﻞUﺎﻔﻟا ﰟا

6. لﻮﻌﻔﳌا ﰟا

1
1.2 : Categorising Verbs
Verbs can be categorised into 8 categories shown in the diagram below:
ﱂﺎﺳ مَﺮُﻛَ
دﺮﳎ
ﱂﺎﺳ ﲑ. ﺪَ َ2وَ
ﺛﻼ
ﰔ ْ ;
ﱂﺎﺳ مَﺮَ ﻛ:
ﻪ8ﻓ ﺪﯾﺰﻣ
ﱂﺎﺳ ﲑ. ﺪَ َ2وْ :;
ﱂﺎﺳ جَ ﺮَ ﺣْ دَ
دﺮﳎ
ﱂﺎﺳ ﲑ. سَ ﻮَ ﺳْ وَ
ر
>
ﻋ
ﻲ ﱂﺎﺳ جَ ﺮَ ﺣْ ﺪَ َﺗ
ﻪ8ﻓ ﺪﯾﺰﻣ
ﱂﺎﺳ ﲑ. سَ ﻮَ ﺳْ ﻮَ َﺗ

1.3 : How is Saalim defined?
ﻢ ﻟِ ﺎ ﺳَ means a word whose linguistic root, that are matched unto the ءﺎﻓ ﲔU and مﻻ is free from:
1. A defective letter (kU فﺮﺣ) which are:

a. ﻒ ﻟ iٔ

b. واو

c. ء(cid:139)
2. A repeated letter in the linguistic root
3. A Hamzah (ء)
Note that we use the term ﻞﻌﻓ as the morphological scale (ﰲﴫﻟا ناﲒﳌا) to measure words against.
So, for example, the word بﴐ is matched onto ﻞﻌﻓ such that the letter ض matches onto the letter ف, the
letter ر matches onto the letter ع and the letter ب matches onto the letter ل.
ب ر ض
ل ع ف

2
Note that if the word is a four or five-letter word, with all of the letters being part of the base root, then
the morphological scale will be ﻞﻠﻌﻓ and ﻞﻠﻠﻌﻓ respectively
For example, the word جﺮﺣد is a four letter word, all of these letters forming part of the base root, and so
it is put on the morphological scale of ﻞﻠﻌﻓ whereas a word like ﻞ(cid:145)ﺮﻔﺳ is a five letter word, all of these
letters forming part of the base root, and so it is put on the morphological scale of ﻞﻠﻠﻌﻓ
ج ر ح د
ل ل ع ف

ل ج ر ف س
ل ل ل ع ف

Note that if the word contains extra letters that do not form part of the linguistic root, then the
morphological scale will be modified to incorporate this extra letter.
م ر ك ,ٔ
ل ع ف ,ٔ

ف ر ر ص
ل ع ع ف

ك ر ا ب
ل ع ا ف

م ل ل ك ت
ل ع ع ف ت

Note that if a word contains a letter which was converted from another letter contained within the
linguistic base root, you can treat it as though it is part of the linguistic base root and so you can scale it as
being upon the ءﺎﻓ ﲔU or مﻻ of the word or not.
3
For example, the word ءﺎﺴ(cid:146) contains at its ending the Hamzah which is actually converted from the letter
Waw which forms part of the linguistic base root ﻮﺴ(cid:146).
Therefore, on the morphological scale of this word, you can treat the Hamzah as though it in the same
position as the مﻻ of the word and so the morphological scale for the word will be لﺎﻌﻓ. Or you can treat
the Hamzah as an extra letter and so the morphological scale for the word will be ءﺎﻌﻓ.
دﺮ’ا ﰔﻼﺜﻟا
1.4 :
ﻞُ ﻌُ ﻔْ َﯾ ﻞَ ﻌَ َﻓ ﴫُ ُ ﻨْ َﯾ ﴫَ َ َﻧ
ﻞُ ﻌِ ﻔْ َﯾ ﻞَ ﻌَ َﻓ بُ ﴬِ ْ َﯾ بَ ﴐَ َ
ﻞُ ﻌَ ﻔْ َﯾ ﻞَ ﻌَ َﻓ لُ 76ﺴْ َ9 لَ 76ﺳَ
ا
"
ﺮ
د ﻞُ ﻌَ ﻔْ َﯾ ﻞَ ﻌِ َﻓ ﲅُ َ ﻌْ َﯾ ﲅَ ِ َ;
ﻞُ ﻌِ ﻔْ ﯾ ﻞَ ﻌِ َﻓ ﺐﺴِ ﳛْ َ ﺐﺴِ ﺣ
َ ُ َ َ
ﻞُ ﻌُ ﻔْ َﯾ ﻞَ ﻌُ َﻓ ﻦُ ﺴُ ﳛْ َ ﻦَ ﺴُ ﺣَ

Note that ﻞُ ﻌ َ ﻔْ َﯾ ﻞَ ﻌ َ َﻓ applies only when there is a throat letter at the ﲔU or مﻻ positions. The throat letters
are six and they are خ غ ح ع ه ء
Note that ﰉ (cid:152)(cid:151) َﯾ ﰉ iٔ and ﻦ(cid:146)ﺮ1 ﻦ(cid:146)ر fall under ﻞُ ﻌ َ ﻔْ َﯾ ﻞَ ﻌ َ َﻓ despite it not containing a throat letter at the ﲔU or مﻻ
positions. These are considered anomalous (ذﺎﺷ)
Note that this term ذﺎﺷ refers to anomaly in two forms:
1. Anomalous to the formulated and accepted rules of the language (the Qiyas)
2. Anomalous to the common usage of the word by the Arabs (the Isti’maal)
4
Note that, according to the author, ﻞُ ﻌ ِ ﻔْ َﯾ ﻞَ ﻌ ِ َﻓ is seen as anomalous and not actually a stand-alone section.
دﺮ’ا ﻲﻋ*ﺮﻟا
1.5 :
جُﺮِ ﺣْ ﺪَ ُﯾ جَﺮَﺣْ دَ
دﺮ"ا ﻞَ َﻠﻌَْﻓ
ﺎ2ً اﺮﺣْ دِو ﺔً 2َ ﺮَﺣْ دَ

ﻪ2ﻓ ﺪﯾﺰﳌا ﰔﻼﺜﻟا
1.6 :
This can be divided into three sections:

1. ف ﺮ ﺣ iٔ ﺔ ﻌ ﺑر iٔ ﲆ U ﻪ ﯿﺿ ﺎﻣ ن ﰷ ﺎﻣ
a. ﻞَ ﻌ َ ْﻓ ie like ﺎ ﻣ ً اﺮ ﻛْ إ م ُﺮِ ﻜْ ُ1 مَ ﺮ َﻛْ iٔ
b. ﻞَ ﻌ \ َﻓ like ﺎﳛً ﺮِ ﻔْ َﺗ حُ ﺮِ ّ ﻔَ ُﯾ حَ ﺮ \ َﻓ
c. ﻞَ َU ﺎ ﻓ like ﻻ ً ﺎ ﺘ 9 ﻗِو ﻻ ً ﺎ C ﻗِو k ً َ َﺗ ﺎ ﻘ ﻣ ُ ﻞُ ﺗِ ﺎ ﻘ ُﯾ ﻞَ َﺗ ﺎ ﻗ

2. ف ﺮ ﺣ iٔ ﺔ ﺴ ﲬ ﲆ U ﻪ ﯿﺿ ﺎﻣ ن ﰷ ﺎﻣ
a. When the first letter in the perfect tense verb is a Taa’ ( ء ُ ﺎ ّﺘ ﻟ ا ¥ ِ ِ و \ iٔ ﰲ ِ)
i. ﻞَ ﻌ\ ﻔَ َﺗ like اﴪً “ ﻜَ َ¤ ﴪُ \ ﻜَ ﺘَ َﯾ ﴪَ \ ﻜَ َ¤
ii. ﻞَ َU ﺎ ﻔ َﺗ like ا ﺪً ُU ﺎ ﺒ َﺗ ﺪُ َU ﺎ ‹ َ « َﯾ ﺪَ َU ﺎ ﺒ َﺗ
b. When the first letter in the perfect tense verb is a Hamzah ( ة ُ ﺰ َ ﻤ ْ َﻬ ﻟ ا ¥ ِ ِ و \ iٔ ﰲ ِ)
i. ﻞَ ﻌ َ ﻔَ ْﻧ ا like ﺎًU ﺎﻄ ﻘِ ْﻧ ا ﻊ ُ ﻄِ ﻘَ ﻨْ َﯾ ﻊ َ ﻄَ ﻘَ ْﻧ ا
ii. ﻞَ ﻌ َ َC ﻓْ ا like ﺎًU ﲈ Cِ ﺟْ ا ﻊ ُ ﻤ ِ ﺘَ ﳚْ َ ﻊ َ ﻤ َ َC ﺟْ ا
iii. ﻞ\ ﻌ َ ﻓْ ا like ار ً اﺮ ﲪ ِ ْ ا ﺮ “ ﻤ َ ﳛْ َ ﺮ \ﲪَ ْ ا

3. ف ﺮ ﺣ iٔ ﺔ ﺘ ·ﺳ ﲆ U ﻪ ﯿﺿ ﺎﻣ ن ﰷ ﺎﻣ
a. ﻞَ ﻌ َ ﻔ ْ ﺘَ · ﺳْ ا like ﺎ (cid:145)ً اﺮ ﺨْ ﺘِ · ﺳْ ا جُ ﺮِ ﺨْ ﺘَ ·ﺴ ْ َ(cid:181) جَ ﺮ َ ﺨْ ﺘَ · ﺳْ ا
b. ل\ ﺎﻌ ﻓْ ا like ار ً اﲑَ ﲪ ِ ْ ا ر “ﲈ ﳛْ َ ر \ﲈ ﺣْ ا
c. ﻞَ َU ﻮ ْ ﻌ َ ﻓْ ا like „ ً ﺎﺸ ‚ﺸ ِ ﻋْ ا ﺐ ُ ﺷِ ﻮ ْ ﺸَ ﻌ ْ َﯾ ﺐَ ﺷَ ﻮ ْ ﺸَ ﻋْ ا
d. ﻞَ َ ﻠ ﻨْ ﻌ َ ْﻓ ا like ﺎ ﺳً ﺎﺴ ْ» ﻌ ِ ﻗْ ا ﺲ ُ ﺴ ِ ْ »ﻌ َ ﻘْ َﯾ ﺲ َ ﺴَ ْ »ﻌ َ ﻗْ ا
e. ﲆ ﻨْ ﻌ َ ﻓْ ا like ءً ﺎ ﻘ ﻨ ْ ﻠِ ﺳْ ا ﻲ ﻘ ِ ﻨْ َﻠﺴ ْ َ(cid:181) ﻰ ﻘ ﻨْ َﻠ ﺳْ ا
f. لَ ﻮ \ ﻌ َ ﻓْ ا like اذً ا ﻮ ّ ﻠِ (cid:145)ْ ا ذُ ﻮ ِ ّ َﻠ ﳚْ َ ذَ ﻮ \ َﻠ (cid:145)ْ ا
5
ﻪ2ﻓ ﺪﯾﺰﳌا ﻲﻋ*ﺮﻟا
1.7 :
This can be divided into three sections:
1. ﻞَ َﻠ ﻌ ْ ﻔَ َﺗ like ﺎ (cid:145)ً ﺮ ُ ﺣْ ﺪَ َﺗ جُ ﺮ َ ﺣْ ﺪَ ﺘَ َﯾ جَ ﺮ َ ﺣْ ﺪَ َﺗ
2. ﻞَ َ ﻠ ﻨْ ﻌ َ ْﻓ ا like ﺎ ﻣ ً ﺎﳒ ْﺮِ ﺣْ ا ﻢ ُ ﳒ ِ ْ ﺮ َ ﳛْ َ ﻢ َ ﳒ َ ْ ﺮ َ ﺣْ ا
3. ﻞ\ َﻠ ﻌ َ ﻓْ ا like ار ً اﺮ ﻌ ْ ﺸ ِ ﻗْ ا ﺮ \ ﻌ َ ﺸَ ﻗْ ا
مزﻼﻟا & يﺪﻌﺘﳌا
1.8 :
ي ﺪِّ ﻌ َ ﺘَُﳌ ا means transitive i.e. a verb that requires an object to receive the action e.g. ا ﺪً ْﯾز َ ﺖ ُ ْﺑﴐَ َ
م ُ ز ِ ﻼ \ﻟ ا means intransitive i.e. a verb that does not need a direct object to complete its meaning e.g. ﺪٌ ْﯾز َ ﻦَ ﺴُ ﺣَ
The intransitive verb can be converted to a transitive verb in the following ways:
1. If the verb is دﺮﳎ ﰔﻼﺛ, the conversion is achieved by:
a. Repeating the ﲔU of the word e.g. ﺲ َ َﻠ (cid:145)َ is a intransitive verb meaning he sat whereas
ﺲ َ \ ﻠ (cid:145)َ is a transitive verb meaning he made somebody else sit
b. Adding a Hamzah e.g. ﺲ َ َﻠ (cid:145)َ is a intransitive verb meaning he sat whereas ﺲ َ َﻠ (cid:145)ْ ie is a
transitive verb meaning he sat somebody else

2. For all verbs, whether they are دﺮﳎ or ﻪ9ﻓ ﺪﯾﺰﻣ, the conversion is achieved by:
a. The addition of a ﺮﳉا فﺮﺣ like ﺪٍ ْ ﯾﺰ َ ¸ِ ﺖ ُ ﺒْ ﻫَ ذَ or ﻪِ ﺑِ ﺖ ُ ﻘْ َﻠ ﻄَ ْﻧ ا
Chapter 2 : Verbal conjugations
ﴈﺎﳌا ﻞﻌﻔﻟا
2.1 : The Perfect Tense Verb :
ﴈﺎﳌا ﻞﻌﻔﻟا is the perfect tense verb that denotes a meaning that happened in the past.
It can be divided into two types:
1. ﻞِ Uِ ﺎ ﻔ ْﻠ ˝ِ ﲏ“ ِ ﺒَْﳌ ا which means that the perfect tense verb is molded/formed for the subject. It can also
be termed ˛Uﺎﻓ مﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﻞﻌﻓ i.e., a verb whose doer/subject is known. These verbs are:
a. Verbs where the first letter carries a Fathah e.g., ﴫَ َ َﻧ
b. Verbs where the first vowelled letter carries a Fathah e.g. ﺐَ َﻠ ﻘَ ْﻧ ا
6
Note that this is not just restricted to ﻞَ ﻌ َ َﻓ but rather it also applies to ﻞَ ﻌ َ ﻔَ ْﻧ ا ﻞَ َU ﺎ ﻔ َﺗ ﻞَ َﻠ ﻌ ْ ﻔَ َﺗ ﻞَ َﻠ ﻌ ْ َﻓ ﻞَ َU ﺎ ﻓ ﻞَ ﻌ \ َﻓ ﻞَ ﻌ َ ْﻓ iٔ
ل\ ﺎﻌ ْﻓ ا ﻞَ َU ﻮ ْ ﻌ َ ْﻓ ا ﻞ\ َﻠ ﻌ َ ْﻓ ا ﻞَ ﻌ َ ﻔ ْ ﺘَ · ﺳْ ا ﻞَ َ ﻠ ﻨْ ﻌ َ ﻓْ ا ﻞَ ﻌ َ َC ﻓْ ا
Note that the Kasrah on the Hamzat Al Wasl in ﻞَ ﻌ َ ﻔَ ْﻧ ا ل\ ﺎﻌ ﻓْ ا ﻞَ َU ﻮ ْ ﻌ َ ﻓْ ا ﻞ\ َﻠ ﻌ َ ﻓْ ا ﻞَ ﻌ َ ﻔ ْ ﺘَ · ﺳْ ا ﻞَ َ ﻠ ﻨْ ﻌ َ ﻓْ ا ﻞَ ﻌ َ َC ﻓْ ا is only
temporary to prevent the meeting of two vowelless letters and drops when conjoined with what precedes
2. لِ ﻮ ﻌ ُ ﻔْ ﻤ َ ْﻠ ˝ِ ﲏ“ ِ ﺒَْﳌ ا which means that the perfect tense verb is moulded/formed for the object. It can also
be termed ˛Uﺎﻓ ﻢﺴ(cid:181) ﱂ ﻞﻌﻓ i.e., a verb whose doer/subject is not named. These verbs are:
a. Verbs where the first letter carries a Dhammah e.g., ﴫَ ِ ُﻧ which also includes ﻞَ ﻌ ِ ﻓْ i— ﻞَ ﻠِ ﻌ ْ ُﻓ
ﻞَ ﻠِ ﻌ ْ ﻔُ ُﺗ ﻞَ Uِ ﻮ ﻔُ ُﺗ ﻞَ ﻌّ ِ ﻔُ ُﺗ ﻞَ Uِ ﻮ ُﻓ ﻞَ ﻌ ّ ِ ُﻓ
b. Verbs where the first vowelled letter carries a Dhammah e.g. ﻞَ ﻌ ِ ﻔ ْ ﺘُ , ﺳْ ا ﻞَ ﻌ ِ #ُ ْﻓ
Note that the penultimate letter here will always have a Kasrah e.g. ﴫَ ِ ُﻧ where the letter Saad is the
penultimate letter that has a Kasrah
Note that the Hamzat Al Wasl in this case will be pronounced, of course when starting from it and not
when conjoining it with what precedes it, with a Dhammah following the Dhammah that is on the first
vowelled letter in the verb that has been moulded/formed for the object e.g. جَ ﺮِ ﺨْ ﺘُ , ﺳْ ا
عرﺎﻀﳌا ﻞﻌﻔﻟا
2.2 The Imperfect Tense Verb :
A verb that begins with four extra letters, gathered in the phrase ﺖ ُ ْ‚ َﻧ iٔ: (commonly termed ﺔUرﺎﻀﳌا فﺮﺣ)

1. ة ُ ﺰ َ ﻤ ْ ﻬَ ﻟ ا which denotes single 1st person “I” e.g. ﻞ ﻌ ﻓ iٔ

2. نُ ﻮ “ ﻨ ﻟ ا which denotes plural 1st person “We” (Note that plural here refers to >1) e.g. ﻞﻌﻔﻧ

3. ء ُ ﺎ ّﺘ ﻟ ا which denotes 2nd person “You” and can be used for singular, dual, plural whether masculine
or feminine e.g., ﲔﻠﻌﻔﺗ نﻮﻠﻌﻔﺗ نﻼﻌﻔﺗ ﻞﻌﻔﺗ and ﻦﻠﻌﻔﺗ for 2nd person feminine plural also. It can also
be used to denote the 2nd person feminine “She” for both singular, dual and plural e.g., نﻼﻌﻔﺗ ﻞﻌﻔﺗ

4. ء ُ ﺎ ﯿ ﻟ ا which denotes 3rd person “He” and can be used for singular, dual and plural e.g., نﻼﻌﻔﯾ ﻞﻌﻔﯾ
نﻮﻠﻌﻔﯾ. It can also be used to denote the 3rd person feminine plural e.g., ﻦﻠﻌﻔﯾ
Note that the Noon in ﻦﻠﻌﻔﯾ and ﻦﻠﻌﻔﺗ are pronouns known as ةﻮﺴ»ﻟا نﻮﻧ

7
The imperfect tense verb, when alone, can show:
1. The present e.g. ن ٓG ا ﻞﻌﻔﯾ
2. The future e.g. اﺪ(cid:210) ﻞﻌﻔﯾ
The imperfect tense verb:
1. If connected with س & فﻮﺳ : it can only show the future e.g. ﻞﻌﻔﯿ·ﺳ and ﻞﻌﻔﯾ فﻮﺳ
2. If connected with ل : it can only show the present e.g. ﻞﻌﻔﯿﻟ
The imperfect tense verb can be divided into two types:
1. ﻞِ Uِ ﺎ ﻔ ْﻠ ˝ِ ﲏ“ ِ ﺒَْﳌ ا which means that the imperfect tense verb is molded/formed for the subject. It can
also be termed ˛Uﺎﻓ مﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﻞﻌﻓ i.e., a verb whose doer/subject is known. These verbs are:
a. Verbs whose beginning letters, gathered in the phrase ﺖ ُ ْ‚ َﻧ iٔ, carry a Fathah e.g., ﻞُ ﻌ َ ﻓْ ie
Note that there is an exception to this rule.
This exception applies to imperfect tense verbs, whose perfect tense verbs (i.e. ﴈﺎﳌا ﻞﻌﻔﻟا) have four
letters.
In these cases, the letters gathered in the phrase ﺖ ُ ْ‚ َﻧ iٔ will always carry a Dhammah e.g. جُ ﺮِ ﺣْ ﺪ َ ُﯾ م ُﺮِ ﻜْ ُ1 ﻞُ ﺗِ ﺎ ﻘ ُﯾ
حُ ﺮِ ّ ﻔَ ُﯾ and the sign that these cases fall under Type 1 is the penultimate letter always having a Kasrah
2. لِ ﻮ ﻌ ُ ﻔْ ﻤ َ ْﻠ ˝ِ ﲏ“ ِ ﺒَْﳌ ا which means that the imperfect tense verb is molded/formed for the object. It can also
be termed ˛Uﺎﻓ ﻢﺴ(cid:181) ﱂ ﻞﻌﻓ i.e., a verb whose doer is not named. These verbs are:
a. Verbs whose beginning letters, gathered in the phrase ﺖ ُ ْ‚ َﻧ iٔ, carry a Dhammah e.g., ﴫُ َ ﻨْ ُﯾ
and the penultimate letter always have a Fathah
Note that the negative particles ( ﺎﻣ &ﻻ) that can enter upon an imperfect tense verb do not affect the
conjugation and form of the imperfect tense verb.
Note that the Jaazim particles e.g., ﱂ that can enter upon an imperfect tense verb affects the conjugation
and form of the imperfect tense verb in the following ways:
1. Removal of a vowel: This occurs in the case of:
a. a singular masculine 1st, 2nd and 3rd person e.g., ﴫْ ُ ﻨْ َﯾ ﴫْ ُ ْﻧ iٔ ﴫْ ُ ﻨْ َﺗ
b. a singular feminine 3rd person e.g., ﴫْ ُ ﻨْ َﺗ
c. a masculine 1st person plural e.g. ﴫْ ُ ﻨْ َﻧ
2. Removal of the Noon. This occurs in the case of:
8
a. the dual e.g., اﴫ ُ ﻨْ َﯾ اﴫ ُ ﻨْ َﺗ
b. the masculine 3rd person plural e.g., او ﴫُ ُ ﻨْ َﯾ او ﴫُ ُ ﻨْ َﺗ
c. the singular feminine 2nd person e.g., ي ﴫِ ُ ﻨْ َﺗ
Note that the Noon is not dropped in the cases of ﻦﻠﻌﻔﯾ and ﻦﻠﻌﻔﺗ as they are pronouns (ةﻮﺴ»ﻟا نﻮﻧ)
Note that these Jaazim particles include:
1. The Laam Al Amr i.e., the Laam that denotes a command applied on the 3rd person imperfect
tense verb e.g., نَ ﴫْ ُ ﻨْ ﯿَ ﻟِ اﴫ ُ ﻨْ ﺘَ ﻟِ ﴫْ ُ ﻨْ ﺘَ ﻟِ ، او ﴫُ ُ ﻨْ ﯿَ ﻟِ اﴫ ُ ﻨْ ﯿَ ﻟِ ﴫْ ُ ﻨْ ﯿَ ﻟِ

2. The Laa Al Naahiyah i.e., the Laa that shows prohibition and applies on both the 2nd & 3rd person
imperfect tense verb e.g., نَ ﴫْ ُ ﻨْ َﯾ ﻻ اﴫ ُ ﻨْ َﺗ ﻻ ﴫْ ُ ﻨْ َﺗ ﻻ ، او ﴫُ ُ ﻨْ َﯾ ﻻ اﴫ ُ ﻨْ َﯾ ﻻ ﴫْ ُ ﻨْ َﯾ ﻻ and اﴫ ُ ﻨْ َﺗ ﻻ ﴫْ ُ ﻨْ َﺗ ﻻ
نَ ﴫْ ُ ﻨْ َﺗ ﻻ اﴫ ُ ﻨْ َﺗ ﻻ ي ﴫِ ُ ﻨْ َﺗ ﻻ ، او ﴫُ ُ ﻨْ َﺗ ﻻ
Note that the Naasib particles e.g., ﻦﻟ that can enter upon an imperfect tense verb affects the conjugation
and form of the imperfect tense verb in the following ways:
1. Conversion of Dhammah to Fathah. This occurs in the case of:
a. a singular masculine 1st, 2nd and 3rd person e.g., ﴫَ ُ ﻧ iٔ ﴫَ ُ ﻨْ َﺗ ﴫَ ُ ﻨْ َﯾ
b. a singular feminine 3rd person e.g., ﴫَ ُ ﻨْ َﺗ
c. a masculine 1st person plural e.g. ﴫَ ُ ﻨْ َﻧ
2. Removal of the Noon. This occurs in the case of:
a. the dual e.g., اﴫ ُ ﻨْ َﯾ اﴫ ُ ﻨْ َﺗ
b. the masculine 3rd person plural e.g., او ﴫُ ُ ﻨْ َﯾ او ﴫُ ُ ﻨْ َﺗ
c. the singular feminine 2nd person e.g., ي ﴫِ ُ ﻨْ َﺗ
Note again the exception of ﻦﻠﻌﻔﯾ and ﻦﻠﻌﻔﺗ as they are pronouns (ةﻮﺴ»ﻟا نﻮﻧ)
Note that if two Taa’s meet at the beginning of the عرﺎﻀﻣ, i.e., those on the form of ﻞَ َﻠ ﻌ ْ ﻔَ َﺗ ﻞَ َU ﺎ ﻔ َﺗ ﻞَ ﻌ\ ﻔَ َﺗ then
one of them can be removed to ease the pronunciation as has come in the Qur’an e.g., ﻰ ﻈّ َﻠ َﺗ ى ﺪّ ﺼ َ َﺗ لُ ﲋ \ َ َﺗ.
You can also retain them as in the case of ﺐ ُ \ ﻨ ﺠَ ﺘَ َﺗ
Note that in the form of ﻞَ ﻌ َ َC ﻓْ ا when the Faa’ of the word is either ظ ط ض ص, convert the ت in ﻞَ ﻌ َ َC ﻓْ ا to ط
So, for example, the case ﺢِ ْﻠ ﺼ“ ﻟ ا when conjugated to the form ﻞَ ﻌ َ َC ﻓْ ا will become ﺢَ َﻠ ﻄَ ﺻ ْ ا
And this applies in all conjugations of the word.
9