Notes on Neotropical Hymenophyllaceae

13 Pages·1991·7.4 MB·English

by  David B Lellinger

24-37
American Fern Journal 81(1): (1991]
on Hymenophyllaceae
Notes Neotropical
David Lellinger
B.
DC
Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, 20560
Hymenophyllaceae
In preparing a treatment of the for the flora of the Guianas,
have found several taxonomic problems in the family that lie at least partially
I
outside the Guianas, and so cannot be included in that Flora, as well as two new,
narrowly endemic Trichomanes from need be
species of the flora area that to
published.
Two
Hymenophyllum hirsutum and Confused with
Species
It
monograph American Hymenophyllum
In his of the species of
sect.
SphQerocionium (now Morton
called sect. Leptocionium), (1947] considered H,
hirsutum Swartz be and widely
a rather variable distributed species
[L.] to
He
present in virtually the entire neotropics. included 17 basionymns as
synonyms under this species, far more than under any other species in the
monograph. War
Because he prepared treatment during and World
this just after
he was many
unable to see types of of these synonyms. believe that his
11,
I
inclusive concept of H. hirsutum also arose from his study of Jamaican material
(where the type came from), which variable in lamina size and shape. Morton
is
did
indicate
[1947, 143, 158) the possibility of recognizing additional species
p.
from
Brazil, especially the robust plants of southeastern Brazil that he placed in
H. hirsutum.
Hymenophyllum
unknown
kaiefeurum, an from western
essentially species
Guyana
masquerading
as H. hirsutum, and H. vestitum, a species of
southeastern
Brazil, are distinct species that can readily be separated from H.
They
hirsutum. differ from H. hirsutum and from each on
other characters of
lamina indument and
division, segment width, and to some extent on frond size
and
involucre shape, as can be seen in the following key:
mm
Lamina
segments 0.75-1
1. wide, the marginal hairs basally forked with
both arms
simple; pinnae with only
the basal acroscropic segments
furcate.
Fronds 2-6 cm
segments
(-10) long; slightly undulate; involucres ovate,
much
longer than wide, not wider than the segments H. kaieteurum
.......2.
mm
Lamina
segments 1-1.5
wide, the marginal more complex
1. hairs
(stellate
or basally forked with both branches
1 or forked or pinnae with
stellate); at
segments
Marginal lamina
hairs basally forked with arm and arm
2. forked sim
1
1
cm
!gm
long; segments 1-1.1
(-1.25)
mm
wide; mvolucres much
subcircular, a little wider than Ions, not wi
um
:ments
Marginal lamina
2. hairs stellate or bistellate; segments
slightly
mm
cm
Fronds
folded.
(5-)6-18(-30) long; segments 1-1.5 wide
NEOTROPICAL HYMENOPHYLLACEAE
LELLINGER:
25
involcures subcircular, a little wider than long, as wide as the segments
H. vestitum
3.
Hymenophyllum
^^^7^ hirsutum
1. (L.) Swartz, Bot [Schrader] 1800[2}:99. 1801.
J.
Trichomanes hirsutum PL
5"19 L. Sp. 2:1098. 1753.-<rYPE: Based on plate SOB
of
(
Plumier's "Traite .", which based on a specimen collected by Plumier
is
, .
West
in the Indies.
—
Trichomanes Hymenophylium
3^f ciliatum Swartz, Prodr. 136. 1788. ciliatum
HL^
(Swartz] Swartz, 1801.— Sphaerocionium
Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2):100.
J.
^ciliatum Hymenophyllaceae
^*^/ K. Presl, 34. 1844.-^^ype: Jamaica, Swartz not
(S
BM
seen photo 6185, isotypes B-Hb. Willd. 20222 not seen Tryon photo, not
Morton
seen photo
6587, US].
^^^'^
SphaeTocionium Hymenophyllaceae
grevilleanum K. Presl, 34. 1844.
Xo^
Hymeni
\
m
superfl.
which on specimen on Vincent
based collected
(Icon. Fil. 35. 1827], a St.
is
l:t.
r
by Guilding
(K not
seen).
1848.-?^
Kunze, Linnaea
21:240.
ifoJium
Surinam,
Weigeli
Hymenophyllum
€%'}
nom. Based on Trichomanes ciliatum
ultimately
superfl.-t^TYPE:
based on name.
so the type of that
[M
Hymenophyllum
'^H^l elegantissimum Fee, Hist. Foug. Antill.
RB
1866.-^ype: Guadeloupe, L'Herminier in 1861 (P or not seen].
29,
2.
t. f.
z.0^
[Mem.
Hymenophyllum & Foug.
Fee L'Herminier in Fee, Hist. Antill.
atrovirens
nom.
Foug. 1866, non Colenso, 1844, nee Christ, 1904,
11]:120, 30, 4.
t. f.
RB
Guadeloupe, Germain in 1864 (P or not seen].
illeg.-t^TvPE: Pitou Caraibe,
1904.
'i^^/ Hymenophyllum dimorphum Herb. Boissier 4:941.
Christ, Bull. II,
Costa
Mano Puntarenas,
Type: Alto de Tigre, basin of the Rio Diquis, Pcia.
US].
700 m, 12109 not seen, isotype
Rica, (P?
Pittier
and Venezuela
Colombia
Common Mexico Panama, to Bolivia,
Distribution: the Antilles, to
in
Minas
Amazonas, Gerais).
Para,
to French Guiana. Rare in northern and central Brazil (Acre,
%Q^l\
1898.^
W. Guianas
Hymenophyllum Ferns Ind. 15.
kaieteurum Jenm. Brit.
/enman (K).—
Type: Guyana, Potaro River, Figs. 1, 2.
mm
Fronds
the fronds distant.
Rhizome diam.,
0.25 in
wide-creeping,
ca.
mm
apex
from
the
cm diam., black,
in
0.2
determinate; 0.8-2.2 long, ca.
stipes
margms,
on
the
sparsely pilose
to the middle alate, the ala abruptly contracted,
laminae ovate-lanceate,
simple;
base or
the the
hairs pluricellular, furcate at
(3-pmnate the
proximally at
cm cm pinnate
wide. 2
[2-]3-6 long, (1.5-]2-3.5
pmnae
uniformly
alate;
rachises
pinnate
acroscopic base of the pinnae] distally;
,
segments slightly revolute,
the
and pinnae (2-]4-8 pairs,
pinnules the
alternate,
mm margins pilose, the hairs furcate or
emarginate;
0.75-1.25 wide, not
f-1.5i
—
VOLUME NUMBER
AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL:
81 1 (1991]
26
t
L
* ^
V
^
-^
®
->^ ®
;irHAJ'
i %
f
^*^^^
Df^HBMJt BfllTllt* Ci^«|»A M*«
Figs. 1-2. Holotype of Hymenophyllum kaieteurum Jenm., /enman (K). Fig. i. Holotype. Fig. 2
two
Detail of fronds.
simple, acicular, unicellular; indusial valves ovate or broadly ovate, obtuse or
truncate the base, pilose the apex, the hairs 1- or 2-celled, the receptacles
at at
not
exserted.
m
Distribution: Rare endemic at ca. 400 elevation in the uplands of western Guyana.
GUYANA,
Specimens ex.\mined: Potaro River, Sheenabowa [Chenapowu], ]enman 12^%
(P).
&
12^7 Mazaruni under 250[0]-3G00 McConneJl QueJch 596 Mount Raywa,
[K); River, (K);
ft,
/enman
(NY).
Hymenophyllum
vestitum Bosch, Ned. Kruidk. Arch.
3. [K. Presl) v. d. 5(3):193.
—
IPS%^
1863- Sphaerocionium vestitum K. Presl, Hymenophyllaceae 58. 1844.
i-^Lectotype: Rio de Janeiro, Est. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Beyrich [PRC? not seen),
chosen by Morton and
inferentially (Contr. U.S- Natl. Herb. 29:155. 1947}
confirmed
here.
Hymenophyllum
gardnerianum Sturm
%ti\^ in Martins, Fl. Bras. 1[2):297.
1859.-*^Type: Rio de Rio de Gardner 213
Janeiro, Est. Janeiro, Brazil,
BR
{holotype not seen, isotypes K, P not seen Morton photo 4563).
Hymen Hum
^n
caulopteron Fee, Crypt. Vase, Bresil 1:197, 70, 3<
t. f.
1869
Rio
1713
Morton
NEOTROPICAL HYMENOPHYLLACEAE
LELLINGER:
27
J
Morton
Hymenophyllum
microcarpon
%39f Fee, Crypt. Vase. Bresil 1:245, 69, 1869,
3.
t. f.
non micTocarpum nom.
H. Desv., illeg.-^SYNTYPEs: Rio de Rio
Janeiro,
Est.
de Glaziou 2268 not seen Morton photo and 3356
Janeiro, Brazil, (P
4558J
not
(P seen).
Hymenophyllum & 1899.-^
lo51\ ulei Christ Giesenh. Flora 86:85, f ype:
6, 7.
I
Teresopolis, Serra dos Orgaos, Est. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1000 m. Ule 4510
(presumably P not seen, isotypes L not seen Morton photo 2528, US].
Hymenophy] Jum
Schwacke, Nov. Mineir. 1900.-*^
-L*s"^'Z- eJatius Christ in 2:13.
Pi.
Type: Sao Antonio, Ule 206
Est. Sta. Catarina, Brazil, (P).
'Xcb'I^HymenophylJum tuberosum Hedwigia
ciliatum Rosenst. 46:74. 1906, as
var.
A
"tuberosa."-^TYPE: renaming of H. ulei Christ & Giesenh., and so based
on name.
the type of that
^«6^y
Hymenophyllum Hedwigia
cihatum abbreviatum Rosenst. 56:360. 1915,
var.
Brade 5169
as "abbreviata."—Type: Ribiera, Est. S. Paulo, Brazil, A. C. (S
not
seen).
Distribution: Occasional endemic southeastern Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Parand).
in
name bv Morton
cited
Kru
commutatum
on Sphaerocionium K.
Arch. based Presl.,
4:413. 1859,
boryanum and
Hymenophyllaceae This based on H. sensu Raddi,
1844.
34.
is
on "Plantarum Brasiliensium ." This figure
so plate 79, 4 of Raddi's is
fig.
. .
somewhat Morton thought too
lackine in detail and aouears to be stylized. it
and
lamina
division
seems
be
like H. gJaziovii Baker in Hook. Icon. PL 17, 1612. 1886. If this proves to
t.
name
with H.
name must be replaced the earlier
the H. gJaziovii
true,
commutatum.
Selected Specimens Examined (All from Brazil): Rio de Janeiro: Near Rio de Janeiro, Wilkes
woods, Burkart 17453, 17465 (both
Exped. Sao Paulo: Alto da Serra, Biological Station
n. (US).
s.
do 800 m, A. Brade
US); Serra da Bocaina, Segadas-Vianna 2746, 2832 (both US); Serra Itatiaia, C.
8826 [US), 1000 m, Dus^n 713 (US). Parana: Mun. Cerro Azul, Morro Grande. Hatschbach 7109
Morro
Kummrow Mun. Quatro
Mun. 1703, 1931 (both US); Barras,
[VSy, Morretes. Pilao de Pedra,
Kummrow
Anhangava, 2476
(US).
Hymenophyllum nigrescens
The
Identity of
HymenophyiJum Liebm. usually has been thought to be a fairly
nigrescens
common with wide range (Mexico to Venezuela
independent species a rather
and
Mickel
and Recently, Beitel (1989,
and perhaps Colombia Bolivia Brazil).
to
synonym myriocarpum Hook., a species
H.
considered be a of
216) to
p. it
and Tryon and
known from Mexico Venezuela and Colombia to Bolivia,
to
On
hand.
myriocarpum. the other
H.
placed a variety of
Stolze (1989. 63) as
p. it
FERN JOURNAL
28
synonym
Smith thought be a of H. axiJIare Swartz, a species
[1985, 127) to
p. it
known and
only from Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica.
myriocarpum,
H. the
believe that H. nigrescens a juvenile state of for
is
I
and
plants are always small, the pinnae congested, the fronds rarely fertile. In
addition, the ranges of these two species overlap and juveniles of the H.
common
from Mexico Venezuela.
nigrescens type are to
fairly
Although H. axillare very close to H. myriocarpum, prefer to maintain the
is I
more
two with they
as separate species until evidence indicates certainty that
indeed HymenonphyJium myriocarpum does not overlap with H.
are one.
know
and only one H. nigrescens-type juvenile specimen from the
axiJiare, of
I
&
West (Maxon The have found
Indies Kiliip 1107, US). only differences are
I
and
involucres mostly longer than wide, rachis alae relatively narrow, fronds
narrowly rhombic and subdeterminate in H. axillare, versus involucres mostly
wider than long, rachis alae wider (about 2 times as wide as the rachis), and
fronds mostly lanceolate and determinate in H. myriocarpum.
The LeCTOTYPE HyMENOPHYLLUM XRICHOMANOmES
of
As new
typical of van den Bosch's H. trichomanoides Bosch (Ned.
is taxa, v. d.
Kruidk. Arch. was from
5(3):158. 1863) described several syntypes, including
Cuming
specimens of from Ecuador, Moritz from "Colombia" Venezuela],
[i.e.,
Schomburgk
from Venezuela and Guyana, and Spruce from Only
Peru. the
Spruce
collection precisely localized and widely and
is distributed, so best
is
it
Monte Pampana Aue
totype: near Taraooto. Deoto. Martin. Peru.
S.
1856, Spruce 4696 (K not seen; isolectotypes GH, NY, L none seen, P not seen
Morton
photo Although
4620, US). have not seen the lectotype, presume
I
I it
Kew, which
present houses main
is at the set of Richard Snruce's South
American
Qacq.) Swartz have been thought
artz)
Farwell
protrusum
(Hook.) Farw. believe the former two more
species
I are closely
related to each other than either one H. polyanthos, segments
is to for of the
somewhat
latter species are often folded or undulate and have involucres
that
mm
Segments
of the former two on
species, the other
that
1
mm
known
lyanthos from
throughout
is America,
tropical
and
H. trichomanoides have more
restricted ranges,
known
rens principally from Choco
is the Colombia
of
icent northern with few
Brazil, a from
collections the
Molina
US) and
all the mountains
range
for the
Colombia
LELLINGER: NEOTROPICAL HYMENOPHYLLACEAE
29
Rica
Maxon
Molina
529,
Trichomanes and
ekmanii kapplerianum
T.
Tryon and
Stolze (1989, p. 88} considered T. ekmanii Wessels Boer be
to a
synonym
kapplerianum Sturm many
of examining
T. in Mart. In specimens
for
the Flora of the Guianas found comments
Project, their well taken with
respect
I
the south American which seem
to material, does be kapplerianum.
all of to T.
However, I do not believe the two species are synonyms, for one character does
them
distinguish America and
in Central the Antilles: T. ekmanii has a usually
continuous submarginal
false vein that is as thick as the true veins that meet
it,
whereas kapplerianum somewhat
T. has a usually discontinuous submarginal
vein None
false that is thinner than the true veins that meet of the distinctions
it.
mentioned by
Wessels Boer nor by
(1962, p, 317) Lellinger (1989, p. 208) serve
two
to distinguish the species consistently. Although Wessels Boer
(1962,
p.
new
320) ascribed his species ekmanii Cuba, Hispaniola, Honduras,
T. to British
Honduras, Panama,
Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, and northeastern Bra-
zil, think likely to be absent from continental South America and Trinidad.
I it
The Identity of Trichomanes guianense
Trichomanes guianense Sturm in Mart, a rare species described from
is
Guyana. most members
Like Lacostea Bosch)
of sect. (v. d. Christ, it is
hemiepiphytic with the fronds adherent to tree trunks by means of '*rhizoids"
and narrow on rhizomes and
(actually hairs scales) the abaxial surface of the
lamina axes. The involucres are long-stalked and oblique to the plane of the
laminae, doubtless an adaptation in this section to facilitate spore dispersal
from
adherent laminae.
It is certain that T. guianense is juvenile material of T. ankersii Parker ex
&
Hook. continuum from narrow, divided fronds
Grev., for a exists the less of
more The
juvenile specimens to the wider, divided fronds of adults. smallest
and most Appun, K)
juvenile specimens of this species {Sagot 751, K, P;
common,
apparently are for they are represented in collections at least as
frequently as adult specimens They have barely repand segments (Fig-
are. 3).
The laminae of T. guianense, on the other hand, are narrowly triangular to
oblong and rather deeply pinnatifid with the segments slightly lobed, as in the
specimens
type of this species (Schomburgk 1215 B; isotype K); these are
p.
p.,
Guyana,
Jenman from Potaro River
subjuvenile (NY), the of
(Fig. n.
4). s.
and Adult ankersii Parker ex
includes both juvenile subjuvenile material. T.
Hook. & segment margins Rarely,
Grev. has crenate or crenate-serrate (Fig. 5).
adult specimens more deeply lobed
are (Fig.
6).
For
specimens phases instance,
Identification of in certain is difficult.
pedicellatum
elaborated adults of T. ankersii are similar to subjuveniles of T.
more
The have narrower fronds with attenuate
(Fig. 6 vs. Fig. former longer,
8).
segments with more lobes and shallower lobes,
apices, often longer segments,
and more
veins
distant.
AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL: VOLUME NUMBER
30
81
1 (1991)
0"i^"«^
°* «"fce'-«"^ Fig.
° ^"f 3. Juvenile frond (Appun. Guyana,
F r 4^, K ? °'t^'""'' K).
^°*"°
^^^-^- F
^*^^^'
^'YJ- Typical adult
lldiAcZ'^S^m^n^h^^^^ 5.
frond '-
(A. C. 2824a, Guyana.
NY). Elaborated aduh
pinnae Uenman. Pomeroon
Guyana
River.
LELLINGER: NEOTROPICAL HYMENOPHYLLACEAE
31
Lamina
Variation Trichomanes
in pedicellatum
A
study South American
of the Trichomanes
species
pedicellatum and
Desv.
members
allied species, also
of sect. Lacostea, has revealed great diversity in
frond
form. Juvenile specimens merely
[Fig. are pinnatifid with nearly
7) entire
lobes. Subjuvenile specimens have pinnae
(Fig. 8) v^ith shorter lobes and
correspondingly
wider, uncut median Such
portions. specimens have been
Trichomanes
called commutatum
suhsessile Sturm
Splitg. or T.
in Mart.
specimens
are
divided]. Intergradation from most
the juvenile adult forms unbroken, and
to
is
may
somewhat
unt
^
„^^^
^ ,,,
,
French
Guiana. These strikingly condensed plants have been
[Fig. 10] called T.
furcatum
v. d. Bosch. In addition, atypical adult plants with more divided,
uncommon
elaborated laminae (Fig. 11) are not in the Guianas and The
Brazil.
pinnae have and some
the basal lobes suprabasal lobes pinnately divided, in
addition to having typical simple and furcate lobes. The plants are robust and
appear very These have been name
full. called T. voiubile Vellozo, a sometimes
who
attributed to Antonio de Arrabida, edited Vellozo's "Flora Fluminensis."
Trichomanes radicans and collariatum
T.
Trichomanes
radicans Swartz based on a type from Jamaica, but widely
is is
distributed throughout tropical America. Trichomanes coJJariatum Bosch
v. d.
is an allied species with a narrower range, Mexico to Venezuela and Peru.
Specimens
from outside this range identified as this species are likely to be T.
radicans. Trichomanes collariatum notable widely spreading
for
is its
involucral which seem form wide apex
labia, to a collar at the of the involucre.
In Mesoamerica, T. radicans said to differ in having involucral labia
is
rudimentary However, and South America,
or lacking. in the Antilles in the
labia of T. radicans are well developed. The two species can be distinguished
by
the following key:
cm
3-4 10-20
Involucres times longer than wide; mature laminae wide,
1.
usually widest near the base, the pinnae acute to acuminate at the apex; stipes
cm
3-12
long radicans
......T.
Involucres 2-3 times longer than wide; mature laminae mostly no more than
1.
cm
round
10 wide, usually widest near the middle, the piimae mostly nearly
cm
1-6
or nearly obtuse (acute pinnae also seen]; stipes long...
collariatum
T.
, ,
may
Mesoamerican
Because the material
of the difference in involucral labia,
known mexicanum ^
be Trichomanes Bosch)
radicans Lellingert'^-cjS^f
as var. (v. d.
3^7
which
based on mexicanum Bosch, Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 5(2):164. 1861, ^
T.
v, d.
L
based on twcKsyntypes from Mexico, Schiede 806 (B not seen fragm not
is
K
seen); and Scha;^ner 7 (P or RB not seen fragm L; probable isosyntype not seen
Morton
photo
19052).
FERN JOURNAL
32
®
omanes
t-21B8, Guyana,
K). Fig. Subjuvenile
8, "T. subsessile" pinnae
[Sagot 742, French Guiana
Typical pmnae
adult Nov
9. (Leprieur 229
in 1837, French
Guiana,
P). Fig. 10 Condensed
e
Pi"^^« (i^P"eur 229 Dec
,}T" in 1830. French
Guiana,
P). Fig. 11. Elaborated
a
volubile pinnae
(Granville al
et 6180, French Guiana,
NY).
New
lU
\H
jenmaii
nov.—
Lellinger,
sp.
i Fig. 12.
Rhizoma mm
diametro,
basibus
stipitum
mm
LELLINGER: NEOTROPICAL HYMENOPHYLLACEAE
33
T
* '
" ' t I ? '^
t
I
I
Inches
I
tfl
*•..
f ,N
-f ^
£*.^i
/i *.t-t i% ;^n /i*
',
^ .
1-^4,
/
-;r-7-
. ^.'
.
. . <'
'.-4 «. / * ^
.
#
tf
Fig. 12. Holotype of Itichomanes jenmanij, Jenmaii (NY).