Notes on life histories and descriptions of adults and immature stages of Procecidochares kristineae and P. lisae new species (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Ambrosia spp. in southern california

22 Pages·1997·9.5 MB·

by  R D Goeden

PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
99(1), 1997, pp. 67-88
NOTES ON LIFE HISTORIES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF ADULTS AND
IMMATURE STAGES OF PROCECIDOCHARES KRISTINEAE AND R LISAE
NEW SPECIES (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) ON AMBROSIA SPP. IN
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
Richard D. Goeden and Jeffrey A. Teerink
Department of Entomology, University of CA, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A.
—
Abstract. Procecidochares kristineae Goeden, n. sp., and P. lisae Goeden, n. sp.,
are described and figured as adults and distinguished from each other by their wing
patterns, chaetotaxy, and genal color and by these and additional characters from all other
North American congeners. Sexually dimorphic wing patterns in P. lisae are reported for
the first time from this genus. First through third-instar larvae and puparia also are de-
scribed and figured for both species, but few morphological differences were found. Pro-
cecidochares kristineae and P. lisae are strictly monophagous tephritid flies forming ax-
illary bud galls on branches of the native, shrubby, xerophytic ragweeds. Ambrosia du-
mosa (Gray) Payne and A. eriocentra (Gray) Payne (Asteraceae), respectively. Both are
circumnatal species that overwinter as first instars within incipient galls in southern Cal-
ifornia. Further gall and larval development and host-plant regrowth and reproduction are
stimulated concurrently by winter rainfall. Reproduction by P. kristineae is rarely biennial,
usually univoltine or bivoltine, and rarely trivoltine, depending on local yearly rainfall
patterns; whereas, P. lisae usually is univoltine or bivoltine.
Key Words: Insecta, Procecidochares, Ambrosia, ragweed, biology, galls, taxonomy of
adults and immature stages, sexual dimorphism, parasitoid
Two undescribed species of Procecido- el in the low-elevation Colorado Desert (=
chares (Diptera: Tephritidae) were detected northern Sonoran Desert) in southern Cali-
during faunistic surveys of native rag- fomia (Munz 1974) at various locations in
weeds. Ambrosia spp. (Asteraceae: Ambro- Imperial, Riverside, and San Diegocounties
siinae), in southern California by Goeden listed by Silverman and Goeden (1980) or
and Ricker (1976a, b). The life history of mapped by Goeden and Ricker (1976a).
one species forming galls on A. dumosa Our principal study site for the fly on A.
(Gray) Payne was studied by Silverman and eriocentra (Gray) Payne was Mountain
Goeden (1980), but it has remained un- p^ss at 1430-m elevation, San Bernardino
named until now. In this paper, both te- ^o., in the high-elevation, Mojave Desert;
phntid species are named, their adult and although this tephritid also was reared from
immature stages are described and illustrat- g^jj^ ^^^^^.^^^ ^^^^ surrounding locations
ed, and new life-histor'y information on namedj bueli ow i•n nor-t.*hueast*ern Scan Bdernar-
^ " dino Co. during 1970-71 faunistic surveys
Materials and Methods (Goeden and Ricker 1976b). Galls contain-
Our field studies on the tephritid infest- ing eggs, larvae and puparia were sampled
ingA. dumosa were conducted near sea lev- most recently from A. dumosa near Snow
68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Creek at 370-m elevation in the dry San Plant names used in this paper follow
Gorgonio River bed. Riverside Co., during Munz (1974); tephritid nomenclature and
February-April, 1993 and 1994, and from adult terminology follow Foote et al.
A. eriocentra at Mountain Pass during Feb- (1993). Format used to describe the adults
ruary-May, 1991-1995. Excised galls were follows Blanc and Foote (1961). Morpho-
transported in cold-chests in an air-condi- logical terminology and telegraphic format
tioned vehicle to the laboratory and stored used to describe the immature stages follow
under refrigeration for subsequent dissec- Goeden and Headrick (1992), Headrick and
tion, photography, description, and mea- Goeden (1990, 1993), Goeden et al. (1994a,
surement. Twenty-one and 19 larvae and 4 b, 1995a, b), Goeden and Teerink (1996a,
and 3 puparia dissected from galls on A. b, c), Headrick et al. (1995), and our other
dumosa and A. eriocentra, respectively, works cited therein. Means ± SE are used
were preserved in 70% EtOH for scanning throughout this paper. The holotypes, allo-
electron microscopy (SEM). All other fully types, and five individually reared para-
grown larvae and puparia from A. eriocen- types of each sex of both new species have
tra were placed in separate, glass shell vials been deposited in the National Museum of
stoppered with absorbant cotton and held in Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,
humidity chambers at room temperature for Washington, D.C. (USNM). Six additional,
adult and parasitoid emergence. Specimens individually reared paratypes ofeach sex of
for SEM later were hydrated to distilled wa- both species also were deposited in the col-
ter in a decreasing series of acidulated lection of the California Academy of Sci-
EtOH. They were osmicated for 24 h, de- ences (CAS). The holotype, allotype, and
hydrated through an increasing series of 22 paratypes used for measurements to de-
acidulated EtOH, critically point dried, scribe P. kristineae originated from one col-
mounted on stubs, sputter-coated with a lection in 1980 at the Palm Springs study
gold-palladium alloy, and studied with a site used by Silverman and Goeden (1980);
JEOL JSM C-35 SEM in the Department of the same numbers of types were used to
Nematology, University of California, Riv- describe P. lisae from one collection in
erside. 1981 at Mountain Pass. All remaining para-
Most adults reared from isolated puparia types and voucher specimens not designat-
obtained from galls on A. eriocentra were ed as paratypes and reared parasitoids of
individually caged in 850-ml, clear-plastic, both tephritids reside in the research collec-
screened-top cages with a cotton wick and tions of RDG; preserved specimens of lar-
basal water reservoir and provisioned with vae and puparia are stored in a separate col-
a strip of paper toweling impregnated with lection of immature Tephritidae maintained
yeast hydrolyzate and sucrose. These cag- by JAT
ings were used for longevity studies and
oviposition tests in the insectary of the De- Results and Discussion
partment ofEntomology, University ofCal-
Taxonomy
«
ifornia, Riverside, at 25 ± TC, and 14/10
(L/D) photoperiod. Virgin male and female The new species from A. dumosa de-
flies obtained from emergence vials as well scribed below as P. kristineae is most sim-
as field-swept adults were paired in clear- ilar to P. stonei Blanc and Foote, which it
plastic petri dishes provisioned with a flat- was first misidentified as (Silverman and
tened, water-moistened pad of absorbant Goeden 1980). However, adults of these
cotton spotted with honey (Headrick and two species are distinguished below mainly
Goeden 1991) for direct observations, vi- on the basis of their wing characters, in-
deorecording, and still-photography oftheir stead ofthose often lacking in swept orpre-
courtship and copulation behavior. served specimens, e.g., distribution patterns
(
—
VOLUME 99. NUMBER 1 69
of setae on the scutum, consistent with the high; frons ocherous brown to yellow or
philosophy embodied in the key to U.S. and white, at vertex 1.4 to 1.6 times as wide as
Canadian species of Procecidochares in eye in lateral view, 1.2 to 1.3 times as wide
Foote et al. (1993). The new species from as length from vertex to lunule; lunule half
A. eriocentra described as P. lisae also is as high as its width between the antennae;
distinguished below primarily by wing face yellow to white, pollinose, concave,
characters. Accordingly, the following key but raised medially and protruding slightly
couplets replacing couplets 1 and 5 in the at middle of oral margin; antenna yellow,
key of Foote et al. (1993) enable one to pollinose, third segment sometimes ocher-
distinguish these two new species: ous brown along anterior margin and apex,
arista ocherous brown to black, lightest ba-
1. tPhtaenroisntiagpmiacalligphatretr;bsroomwentiimnebsasaalseficfotnhdtoorhbail-f sally. Usually 3-4 frontal bristles (rarely 5
talbristle la or 6), all black; one pair of black orbital
- Pterostigma evenly brown; 1 pairorbital bris- bristles; black genal bristle slender, situated
tles 2 immediately below lower curvature of eye;
la. Two orbital bristles, the second pair very all postoculars white.
small and delicate; basal and discal bands
Thorax: Pleuron mostly shining dark
separate flavipes Aldrich
- One pair of orbital bristles; basal and discal brown to black, especially the katepister-
bands usually connected lb num, but with a very sparse pollinosity on
lb. Gena with prominent dark brown spot at ven- anepisternum; katepisternal bristle black,
tral margin of eye; discal band not extended most other pleural setae rather long and
posterior to vein A, + CuA^ in male, usually
white; wing base and anepimeron densely
crossing it in female, but fading towards pos-
terior wing margin; basal and discal bands silver pollinose over a dark brown to black
broadly connected in cells c, sc, br, and bm ground-color; lateral third of mesonotum,
lisae Goeden, n. sp. including postpronotal lobe, shining dark
- Gena with ocherous to pale brown spot at brown to black; a wide, silvery pollinose
ventral margin ofeye; discal band extending
distinctly to posterior wing margin in both stripe on a shiny black ground-color occu-
sexes; basal and discal bands narrowly con- pying median third of mesonotum from an-
nected in cell sc or br . .kristinae Goeden, n. sp. terior margin nearly to scutoscutellarsuture,
slightly widened at transverse suture and in-
Procecidochares kristineae Goeden,
vested with short, white, blunt setae (some-
new species
times appearing pale yellow) as follows:
(Figs. 1, 3-7) scattered ± uniformly over median polli-
Procecidochares stonei Blanc and Foote: nose strip, except for anterior half of pre-
Wasbauer 1972: 7 (in part. Ambrosia du- sutural part of scutum, where confined to
mosa host record). center and margins of strip, also encircling
Procecidochares n. sp.: G—oeden and the lateral third ofpresutural part of scutum
Ricker 1976a: 49 (host record). Silverman including along the transverse suture, and
and Goeden 1980: 283-288 (host, gall de- trailing posteriolaterad and posteriomediad
scription, California distribution, biology, in separate rows 3 to 4 setae-wide, the outer
behavior, seasonal history, parasitoids, row narrowing and crossing the scutoscu-
—
predators, gall inquiline). Foote et al. tellar suture to end in a cluster of 5 to 12
1993: 318 (taxonomic status) setae at base of anterior scutellar bristle.
Female (Holotype). Head: In profile One dorsocentral bristle situated about half-
0.6 to 0.7 times as long as high, face and way between transverse suture and level of
frons meeting at an angle of about 120°; the postsutural supra-alar bristle, and locat-
parafacial 0.75 times as wide as third an- ed on margin of median pollinose area;
tennal segment; gena about 0.2 times as cluster of 5 to 8 short, white setae anterior-
high as eye, which is 0.5 to 0.6 as wide as ad of base of postsutural supra-alar bristle.
—
,
70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
long as all terga, except the first, taken to-
gether
Male (allotype). Head: Like $, but
parafacial 0.67 times as wide as third an-
tennal segment; frons at vertex 1.1 to 1.3
times as wide as one eye, 1.1 to 1.4 times
as wide as distance from vertex to lunule;
lunule 0.5 to 0.7 times as high as its width
at antennal base. Thorax: Like 9 Abdo-
.
men: Like 9, only external genitalia dark
brown to bla—ck.
Variation. Examination of P. kristineae
specimens with mostly intact setation con-
firmed variation in numbers offrontal setae,
noted for the genus to vary from two to five
by Foote et al. (1993). The holotype and 19
9 paratypes (68%) of a total of 28 9 types
examined had three pairs of frontal setae;
one pair ofthese setae was white in two 9
and one pair was reduced in length and
thickness in another 9 One 9 had four
.
pairs of frontal setae; another 9 had five
Fig. 1. RightwingsofProcecidochareskristineae: pairs. The frontal setae were not strictly
(A) female; (B) male. paired in the remaining six 9, as four 9
had three and four frontal setae on different
sides of their heads; and each of two 9,
Scutellum shining darkbrown to black, bul- four and five frontal setae located asym-
bous, two pairs scutellar bristles; postscu- metrically. The allotype and 32 S paratypes
tellum dark brown to black, pollinose. Hal- (64%) of a total of 50 S types examined
tere shaft ocherous yellow, slightly darker had three pairs of frontal setae. Three 6
than knob. Femora of fore, mid, and hind (6%) had four pairs offrontal setae. Among
legs dark brown but with yellow extremi- the remaining 15 S, nine (18%) had three
ties, the remainder of legs yellow to ocher- and four frontal setae on different sides of
ous yellow. Wing pattern as in Fig. lA, B; their heads, four S (16%) each had three
pterostigma about 2.0 times as long as and five frontal setae, and one S each had
wide, lighter in basal fifth to third; basal four and five or four and six frontal setae
and discal bands narrowly joined in cell br located asymmetrically.
and/or sc, subapical and apical bands usu- Regarding the wings, the subapical and
ally joined in cell(s) r, and/or r^^, (Fig. 1A) apical bands also showed variation. The ho-
or sometimes narrowly separated (Fig IB) lotype and 14 9 paratypes (48%) of a total
and only joined by darkened portions of of 31 9 types with intact wings had the
veins R2 and R4 distance between subapical and apical bands broadly joined
+3 +5;
crossveins r-m and dm-cu measured along (Fig. lA); 7 9 paratypes (23%) had the
M
vein about equal to length of r-m. subapical and apical bands narrowly joined
Abdomen: Dark brown to black, each ter- in at least one wing (in the other wing in 5
gum covered with white, flattened setae of these 9 these bands were narrowly sep-
,
progressively increasing in length posteri- arated. Fig. IB); and in the remaining 9 9
orly. Oviscape shining dark brown to black, (29%), these bands were narrowly separat-
basal half slightly swollen, about half as ed in both wings. The allotype and 25 6
—
;
VOLUME 99, NUMBER 1 71
types (49%) of a total of 51 6 paratypes illary bud gall on A. dumosa [at study site
with intact, fully formed wings had the sub- of Silverman and Goeden (1980)] (USNM);
apical and apical bands broadlyjoined (Fig. allotype, S, same data as holotype
lA); 8 6 p£iratypes (16%) had these bands (USNM). Paratypes: CALIFORNIA: 12 6
narrowly joined in at least one wing (in the and 24 $ ; same data as holotype (5 6 and
other wing in 1 cJ, these bands were nar- 5 $ to USNM, 6 cJ and 6 9 to CAS). 4 c?
rowly separated); and in the remaining 18 and 3 9 same location data as holotype;
;
6 paratypes (35%), these bands were nar- 10.ii.l971; RDG and D.W. Ricker, coll.
rowly separat—ed in both wings. (hereafter, RDG «fe DWR, coll.). 1 9; Twen-
Diagnosis. The two main morphologi- tynine Palms, San Bernardino Co.;
cal characters distinguishing the adults ofP. 25.iii.1970; RDG & DWR, coU. 4 J and 1
kristineae are the pterostigma being lighter 9; Llano, San Bernardino Co.; 30.iv.l970;
brown in the basal fifth to third than in the RDG & DWR, cofl. 6 d and 1 9; Yucca
apical part (Fig. 1), in combination with one Valley, San Bernardino Co.; 4.iii.l971;
pair of orbital setae. All types of P. kristi- RDG & DWR, coll. 1 9; Borrego Springs,
neae possessed these two characters. The San Diego Co., I.ii.l973; RDG & DWR,
former character is shared only with P. fla- coll. 5 6 and 7 9; Valliceto Valley, S end
vipes and P. lisae (see below); the latter of Smugglers Canyon at 442 m, San Diego
RDG
character distinguishes P. flavipes which Co.; Il.iii.l993; and J.A. Teerink,
has two pairs of orbital setae (Foote et al. coll. (hereafter, RDG & JAT, coll.). 5 S and
1993). Procecidochares kristineae and P. 4 9; Snow Creek at 370 m. Riverside Co.;
lisae are distinguished below. In the partial 7.iv.l994; RDG & JAT, cofl. 3 c? and 3 9
RDG &
key provided above, if the pterostigmal Ocotillo, Imperial Co., 2.ii.l995;
character is missed P. kristineae will run to JAT, coll. (Remaining 39 6 and 20 9 para-
P. stonei, the only other species with basal types along with numerous swept and/or
and discal bands connected. Most P. kris- damaged-reared, voucher and nonvoucher
tineae differ from P. stonei by having the specimens examined and identified are held
subapical and apical bands broadly to nar- in research collection of RDG).
rowly joined. ¥Xymo\ogy.—Procecidochares kristineae
Of 179 reared voucher specimens of P. is named for my younger daughter, Kristine
stonei with fully formed wings in the re- Louise Gilbert (nee Goeden), mother of my
search collection of RDG (Green et al. two grandsons, Samuel Vanderpoel Gilbert
1993), 14 (8%) had a pterostigma in at least V and Nikolaus Richard Gilbert.
one wing that was light basally, but usually
this basal area was small and only partially Procecidochares lisae Goeden,
extended posteriorad across the cell, nor new species
were the subapical and apical bands in the (Figs. 2, 8-12)
wings ofthese 14 fliesjoined. Similarly, an- Procecidochares n. sp.: Goeden and Ricker
other 12 voucher specimens of P. stonei (1976b): 927 (host record).
had at least one wing with the subapical and
apical bands joined, but all of these flies Female (holotype). Head: In profile 0.5
had pterostigmas that were evenly brown. to 0.6 times as long as high, face and frons
Additional biological and ecological char- meeting at an angle of about 120°; parafa-
acteristics that distinguish P. kristineae and cial as wide as third antennal segment; gena
P. stonei—are discussed below. with prominent, shiny, dark-brown spot
Types. Holotype, 9 8 km NE of Palm from lower margin of eye to genal groove,
;
Springs, 250-m elevation. Riverside Co., gena 0.1 to 0.2 times as high as eye, which
California; 26.ii.1981; R. D. Goeden, is 0.4 to 0.5 as wide as high; frons ocherous
coll.(hereafter, RDG, coll.); reared from ax- yellow to white, at vertex 1.3 to 1.7 times
72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
as wide as eye in lateral view, 1.3 to 1.6
times as wide as length from vertex to lu-
nule; lunule 0.4 to 0.6 times as high as its
width between the antennae; face pale yel-
low to white, pollinose, concave, but raised
medially; antenna mostly brown, pollinose,
apex of second segment and sometimes
posterior margin of third segment yellow,
arista ocherous yellow to brown, lightest
basally. Usually, 3-4 frontal bristles (rarely
2 or 5), all black; one pair of black orbital
bristles; genal bristle black, arising behind
brown part of genal margin, which is ex-
tension of brown spot (noted above) below
genal groove; all postoculars white.
Thorax: Pleuron mostly shining dark
brown to black, especially the katepister-
num, but with a very sparse pollinosity on
anepisternum; katepisternal bristle black,
most other pleural setae rather long and
white; wing base and anepimeron densely
B
silver pollinose over a dark brown to black
ground-color; lateral third of mesonotum, Fig. 2. Right wings ofProcecidochares lisae: (A)
including postpronotal lobe, shining dark female; (B) male.
brown to black; a wide, silvery pollinose
stripe on a shiny black ground-color occu-
pying median third of mesonotum from an- than knob. Femora of fore, mid, and hind
terior margin nearly to scutoscutellarsuture, legs dark brown but with ocherous yellow
slightly widened at transverse suture and in- extremities, the remainder of legs yellow to
vested with short, white, blunt setae (some- ocherous yellow. Wing pattern as in Fig. 2A
times appearing pale yellow) as follows: pterostigma about 2.0 times as long as
scattered ± uniformally over median polli- wide, lighter in basal fifth to half; basal and
nose strip, except for anterior half of pre- discal bands broadly joined in cells c, sc,
sutural part of scutum, where confined to and br; discal band usually shortened,
center and margins of strip, also encircling crossing cell cua, along and distal to vein
the lateral third ofthe presutural partofscu- CuA2, and nearly or just touching vein A,
tum including along the transverse suture, + CuAt growing faint ifextending into anal
encircling the anterolateral two-thirds ofthe lobe; subapical and apical bands usually
scutum, and trailing posteriolaterad and separated, or sometimes narrowly joined in
crossing the scutoscutellar suture to end in cell(s) r, and/or r2+3; distance between
a cluster of 8 to 18 setae at base ofanterior crossveins r-m and dm-cu measured along
M
scutellar bristle. One dorsocentral bristle vein about equal to length of r-m.
situated just anterior to a line between the Abdomen: Dark brown to black, each ter-
postsutural supra-alars and slightly laterad gum covered with white, flattened setae
of the margin of median pollinose area. progressively increasing in length poste-
Scutellum shining dark brown to black, bul- riorad. Oviscape shining dark brown to
bous, two pairs scutellar bristles; postscu- black, basal halfslightly swollen, about half
tellum dark brown to black, pollinose. Hal- as long as all terga, except the first, taken
tere shaft ocherous yellow, slightly darker together.
—
VOLUME NUMBER
99, 1 73
Male (allotype). Head: Like 9, but narrowly separated; and in the remaining 9
about 0.6 times as long as high, face and 9 (13%), these bands were narrowly or
frons meeting at an angle of about 110°; widely joined in cell r, in eight 9 and one
parafacial 0.67 times as wide as third an- 9, respectively. The allotype and 21 S
tennal segment; eye 0.5 to 0.6 times as wide paratypes (45%) of a total of 49 S types
as high; frons at vertex 1.1 to 1.5 times as with intact, fully formed wings had the sub-
wide as eye, 1.3 to 1.7 times as wide as apical and apical bands fully separated (Fig.
length from vertex to lunule; lunule 0.5 to 2B); 19 S paratypes (39%) had these bands
0.7 times as high as its width at antennal narrowly separated in at least one wing (in
base. Thorax: Like 9, but discal band of the other wing in four S these bands were
,
wing rarely extending into anal lobe and narrowlyjoined in cell r, or r2+3); and in the
usually ending before and not touching vein remaining eight S paratypes (16%), these
A| + CuAt; subapical and apical bands usu- bands were broadlyjoined in four S or nar-
ally separated, but sometimes narrowly or rowly joined in four S in cell r, or r^^^.
widely joined in cell(s) r, and/or r2+3 (Fig. In the holotype and 35 9 paratypes
2B). Abdomen: Like 9, only external gen- (51%) of the same 71 9 types with fully
italia dark br—own to black. developed wings, the discal band extended
Variation. Examination of P. lisae across vein A, + CuA2 into the anal lobe
specimens with mostly intact setation fur- in both wings (Fig. 2A); in 27 9 paratypes
ther confirmed variation in numbers of (37%), this band ended at this vein in both
frontal setae for the genus (Foote et al. wings; in two 9 paratypes (3%) each wing
1993). The holotype and 30 9 paratypes showed a different one of these two char-
(50%) of a total of 62 9 types examined acters. In only three (4%) of the remaining
had three pairs of frontal setae. Six 9 para- 9 paratypes, the discal band ended before
types (13%) each had four pairs of frontal and did not reach vein A, + CuA2. In the
setae; another 9 had five pairs. The frontal allotype and 39 6 paratypes (80%) of the
bristles were not paired in the remaining 22 same 49 S types with intact, fully formed
9, as 19 9 had three and four frontal setae wings, the discal band ended before and did
on different sides oftheir heads; two 9 had not touch vein A, + CuA2 (Fig. 2B), or
two and three frontal setae located asym- reached this vein in nine (18%) other S
metrically; and one 9 had three and six paratypes, but crossed this vein into the
frontal setae so located. The allotype and anal lobe in only one S paratype. These
25 6 paratypes (53%) of a total of 47 S data, therefore, provide the first document-
types examined had three pairs of frontal ed incidence of sexual dimorphism in the
setae. Eight 6 paratypes (13%) each had wing pattern of a species of Procecido-
four pairs of frontal setae. Among the re- chares (Foote et al. 1993); although, this
maining 13 6 paratypes, nine (19%) had dimorphism pales in comparison with wing
three and four frontal setae on different pattern sexual dimorphism recently report-
sides of their heads; two S (4%) each had ed by us for certain species of Aciurina
two and three frontal setae, and one S each (Goeden and Teerink 1996a. b, c), or as
had three and five or four and five frontal long known for certain Trupanea spp.
setae located asymmetrically. (Foote et al. —1993).
Regarding the wings, the relationship of Diagnosis. The incomplete discal band
the subapical and apical bands showed vari- distinguishes P. lisae from all previously
ation. The holotype and 48 9 paratypes described species of Procecidochares. Two
(69%) of a total of 71 9 types with intact other characters distinguishing the adults of
wings had the subapical and apical bands P. kristineae and P. lisae from other Pro-
fully separated (Fig. 2A); 13 9 paratypes cecidochares spp. are the pterostigma being
(18%) had the subapical and apical bands lighter brown in the basal fifth to half than
—
.
74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
in the apical part, in combination with one
pair oforbital setae. These species can then
be readily separated on the basis of their
wing patterns and the color of the genal
spot as described in the partial key provided
above. The pterostigmal character is shared
only by P. flavipes, P. kristineae, and P.
lisae, with P. flavipes separated by its pos-
session of two pairs of orbital setae. The
basal and discal bands are joined only in
the wings of P. kristineae, P. lisae, and P.
stonei, with P. lisae readily distinguished
by the broad anterior juncture of these
bands and by the shortened discal bands.
—
Types. Holotype, 9 Mountain Pass,
;
1430-m elevation, NE San Bernardino Co.,
California; 30.iv.l981; RDG, coll.; reared
from axillary bud gall on A. eriocentra
(USNM); allotype, S, same data as holo-
type (USNM). Paratypes: CALIFORNIA:
17 cJ and 17 9; same data as holotype (5
(? and 5 9 to USNM, 6 c? and 6 9 to CAS).
5 S and 1 9, 2 d and 2 9; same location
dsapetcataisvehloyl;otRyDpeG; 1&9.iDvW.lR9,71,co2l6l..v5i.1d97a1n,dre3- itusF;ig(.B3).antEegrgiorofePndr,ocaeecriodpoyclehsa.reskristineae(A)hab-
9, 2 9, 10 (? and 119; same location data
as holotype; 9.V.1991, 9.V.1992, 9.V.1993,
respectively; RDG & JAT, coll. 8 c? and 15 scribed by Silverman and Goeden (1980).
9 Halloran Springs, NE San Bernardino Chorion smooth (Fig. 3A); pedicel with few
;
RDG DWR,
Co.; 19.iv.l971; 8l coll. 3 9 aeropyles (Fig. 3B).
Halloran Springs, NE San Bernardino Co. Third instar: Superficially smooth, elon-
29.iv.1981; RDG, coll. 1 9, 1 c? and 1 9 gate cylindrical, tapering anteriorly, lacking
Hackberry Mountain, NE San Bernardino minute acanthae (Fig. 4A); gnathocephalon
Co.; 22.ix.1970, 4.iii.l971, respectively; conical, broad dorsally, smooth with few
RDG &NWDWR, coll. 3 c? and 4 9; Granite rugose pads (Fig. 4B); paired dorsal sen-
Cove, San Bernardino Co., 25.v.1971; sory organs dorsomediad of anterior sen-
RDG & DWR, coll. (Remaining 36 S and sory lobes, consisting of dome-shaped pa-
50 9 paratypes along with numerous swept pilla (Fig. 4B-1, 4C-1); anterior sensory
and/or damage-reared, voucher and non- lobes bear terminal sensory organ (Fig.
voucher specimens examined and identified 4C-2), pit sensory organ (Fig. 4C-3), lateral
are held in research collection of RDG). sensory organ (Fig. 4C-4), and supralateral
Etymology. Procecidochares lisae is sensory organ (Fig. 4C-5); stomal sense or-
named for my older daughter, Lisa Marie gans ventrad of anterior sensory lobe (Fig.
Goeden, a unique woman of many accom- 4B-2); lateral sensillum ventrolaterad of
plishments. stomal sense organs (Fig. 4B-3); mouth
hooks tridentate, teeth conical, stout (Fig.
Immature Stages
— 4B-4); median oral lobe fleshy, tapering an-
Procecidochares kristineae Egg: Eggs teriorly, attached to labial lobe (Fig. 4B-5);
of P. kristineae (Fig. 3A, B), were de- labial lobe with two pore sensilla; ventro-
VOLUME 99. NUMBER 1 75
Fig. 4—. Third instarofProceci—dochares kristineae: (A)—habitus, anteriorto l—eft; (B) gnathoceph—alon, anterior
view, 1—dorsal sensory organ, 2 stomal sense organ, 3 l—ateral sensillum, 4 mout—h hooks, 5 median oral
lo—be, 6 ventrolateral se—nsillum; (C) anteriorsenso—ry lobe, 1 dorsal sensoryorgan, 2 terminal sensoryorgan,
3 pit sensory organ, 4 lateral sensory organ, 5—supralateral—sensory organ; (D) anterior thoracic spiracles;
(E) seco—nd abdom—inal lateral spiracularcomplex, 1 spiracle, 2 verruciform sensillum; (F) posteriorspiracular
plate, 1 rima, 2 interspiracular process.
lateral sensillum ventrolaterad of mouth lu- metathoracic lateral spiracular complexes
men (Fig. 4B-6); prothorax smooth, consist of an open spiracle; abdominal lat-
verruciform sensilla circumscribe dorsal eral spiracular complex consist of an open
half of anterior margin, anterior thoracic spiracle (Fig. 4E-1) and a single verruci-
spiracles on posterior margin consist of form sensillum (Fig. 4E-2); caudal segment
three ovoid papillae (Fig. 4D); meso- and bears posterior spiracular plates (Fig. 4F);
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
—
Fig. 5.— Second instar of Pro—cecidochares khst—ineae: (A) gnathocephalon, anterior view, 1 dorsal—sensory
organ, 2 stomal—sense organ, 3 mouth hook—s, A ventrolateral sensil—lum; (B) anteriorsensorylobe. 1 dorsal
sensory organ, 2 terminal senso—ry organ, 3 later—al sensory organ, 4 supralateral sensory organ; (C) gnath-
ocephalon, anteriolateral—view, 1 —mouth hooks, 2 median oral lobe; (D) anterior tho—racic spiracles; (E) pos-
te—rior spiracular plates, 1 rima, 2 interspiracularprocess; (F)compound sensillum, 1 verruciformsensillum,
2 stelex sensillum.
posterior spiracular plates with three ovoid Second instar: Superficially smooth, bar-
rimae, ca. 0.024 mm in length (Fig. 4F-1), rel-shaped, rounded anteriorly and posteri-
and four spiniform interspiracular process- orly; gnathocephalon conical, smooth with
mm
es, longest measuring 0.01 in length few rugose pads (Fig 5A); paired dorsal
(Fig. 4F-2); compound sensilla ventrad of sensory organs consist of a dome-shaped
posterior spiracular plates consist of a ver- papilla (Fig. 5A-I, B-1); anterior sensory
ruciform sensillum and a stelex sensillum. lobe bears terminal sensory organ (Fig.
1