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Notes on feline internal medicine PDF

442 Pages·2013·3.91 MB·English
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notes on feline internal medicine second edition kit sturgess NOTES ON FELINE INTERNAL MEDICINE Second Edition Notes On “Notes on” is an exciting series specifi cally designed, through an accessible note-based style, to ensure veterinarians and students have quick and easy access to the most up-to-date clinical and diagnostic information. O ther titles in the series: Canine Internal Medicine, third edition Edward J. Hall, Kate Murphy and Peter G. Darke 9780632053711 Rabbit Internal Medicine Richard Saunders and Ron Rees Davies 9781405115148 Small Animal Dermatology Judith Joyce 9781405134972 Cardiorespiratory Diseases of the Dog and Cat, second edition Mike Martin and Brendan Corcoran 9781405122641 NOTES ON FELINE INTERNAL MEDICINE Second Edition Kit Sturgess This edition fi rst published 2013 © 2003, 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Registered offi ce: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial offi ces: 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK 1606 Golden Aspen Drive, Suites 103 and 104, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA For details of our global editorial offi ces, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell The right of the author to be identifi ed as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. The contents of this work are intended to further general scientifi c research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting a specifi c method, diagnosis, or treatment by health science practitioners for any particular patient. The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifi cally disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of fi tness for a particular purpose. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifi cations, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant fl ow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. Readers should consult with a specialist where appropriate. The fact that an organization or Website is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Website may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. No warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this work. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sturgess, Kit. Notes on feline internal medicine / Kit Sturgess. – 2nd ed. p.; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-470-67117-7 (pbk.) – ISBN 978-1-118-59769-9 (Mobi) – ISBN 978-1-118-59771-2 (ePDF) – ISBN 978-1-118-59772-9 (ePub) – ISBN 978-1-118-64516-1 – ISBN 978-1-118-64536-9 I. Title. [DNLM: 1. Cat Diseases–diagnosis–Handbooks. 2. Cat Diseases–therapy–Handbooks. SF 985] SF985 636.8089–dc23 2013013320 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Cover image (left): Photo by Kit Sturgess; (middle) iStock stock-photo-15408185-cats-x-ray; (right) stock- photo-18813080-veterinarian Cover design by Sandra Heath Set in Sabon LT Std 9/11pt by Aptara® Inc., New Delhi, India 1 2013 CONTENTS Abbreviations viii Introduction 1 Section 1 Key topics in feline medicine 5 1.1 Health screening 7 1.2 Preventative medicine 10 1.3 Paediatrics 13 1.4 Gerontology 20 1.5 Supportive care – fl uid therapy and analgesia 23 1.6 Sedation and anaesthesia 28 1.7 Emergency and critical care algorithms 32 Section 2 Clinical signs 37 Introduction 39 2.1 Abdominal enlargement 39 2.2 Anorexia 42 2.3 Arrhythmias 44 2.4 Ascites and peritoneal effusions 46 2.5 Ataxia 49 2.6 Behavioural changes 51 2.7 Bleeding/coagulopathies 52 2.8 Body odour 53 2.9 Collapse/syncope and weakness 54 2.10 Cardiac murmurs 56 2.11 Constipation, tenesmus and dyschezia 58 2.12 Chronic coughing 60 2.13 Diarrhoea 63 2.14 Dysphagia 65 2.15 Dyspnoea (respiratory distress) 67 2.16 Dysuria 70 2.17 Failure to grow 72 2.18 Flatulence 73 2.19 Haematemesis, haemoptysis and epistaxis 74 2.20 Haematochezia and melaena 75 2.21 Haematuria and haemoglobinuria 77 2.22 Hypothermia 79 2.23 Incontinence (urinary) 80 2.24 Incontinence (faecal) 81 vi Contents 2.25 Infertility – queens 82 2.26 Infertility – tomcats 84 2.27 Jaundice (icterus) 85 2.28 Lymphadenopathy 88 2.29 Ocular changes caused by systemic disease 89 2.30 Pallor 90 2.31 Paresis and paralysis 91 2.32 Polyphagia 93 2.33 Polyuria/polydipsia 94 2.34 Ptyalism 96 2.35 Pyrexia (fever) of unknown origin – PUO (FUO) 97 2.36 Regurgitation 98 2.37 Seizures 100 2.38 Sneezing and nasal discharge 102 2.39 Stiffness 104 2.40 Stupor and altered states of consciousness 105 2.41 Tremor 106 2.42 Vomiting 107 2.43 Weight loss 109 Section 3 Common abnormalities of haematology, biochemistry and urinalysis 111 Introduction 113 3.1 Low haematocrit 113 3.2 High haematocrit 114 3.3 Platelet abnormalities and clotting system 115 3.4 White blood cell changes 116 3.5 Acid–base disturbances 117 3.6 Amylase and lipase 118 3.7 Azotaemia 119 3.8 Calcium imbalance 120 3.9 Cholesterol and triglyceride changes 120 3.10 Electrolyte disturbances 121 3.11 Glucose abnormalities 122 3.12 Liver parameters 123 3.13 Muscle enzymes 125 3.14 Phosphate 125 3.15 Protein abnormalities 126 3.16 Urinalysis 128 Section 4 Organ systems 133 4.1 Respiratory disease 135 4.2 Cardiology 154 Contents vii 4.3 Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disease 190 4.4 Hepatobiliary disease 218 4.5 Renal disease 229 4.6 Lower urinary tract disease 249 4.7 Endocrine disease 263 4.8 Neurologic disease 283 4.9 Neuromuscular and muscular disease 304 4.10 Skeletal disease 307 4.11 Disorders of the blood, haemopoietic and immune system 318 4.12 Oncology and chemotherapy 336 4.13 Nutrition 339 4.14 Intoxication 350 Section 5 Infectious disease 355 5.1 Bordetellosis 357 5.2 Viral upper respiratory tract disease 358 5.3 Avian infl uenza 360 5.4 Chlamydophila felis 361 5.5 Feline infectious anaemia 364 5.6 Feline infectious peritonitis 366 5.7 Feline spongiform encephalopathy 371 5.8 Mycobacterial infections 372 5.9 Rabies virus 374 5.10 Toxoplasmosis 378 5.11 Feline leukaemia virus 380 5.12 Feline immunodefi ciency virus 387 5.13 Feline viral enteritis 391 5.14 Other infectious disease 396 5.15 Feline zoonoses 401 Further reading 403 Index 405 ABBREVIATIONS ⇒ implies ASA American society of % percent anesthesiologists / per ASD atrial septal defect @ at AST aspartate aminotransferase < less than ATIII antithrombin III > greater than AV arteriovenous; ± with or without atrioventricular 2D two dimensional AZT azidothymidine AAFP American association of B vitamin B 12 12 feline practitioners BA bile acids AcCh acetylcholine BCS body condition score ACE angiotensin-converting BE base excess enzyme BIPS barium impregnated ACEi angiotensin-converting polyspheres enzyme inhibitor BMR basal metabolic rate ACP acepromazine BNP brain natriuretic peptide ACT activated clotting time BP blood pressure ACTH adrenocorticotropic bpm beats per minute hormone BSA body surface area ADE antibody-dependent BSH British shorthair enhancement C cervical vertebra (followed ADH antidiuretic hormone by number) (vasopressin) C. Clostridium ad lib free access Ca2+ calcium ion AF atrial fi brillation cAMP cyclic adenosine A:G albumin to globulin (ratio) monophosphate AIDS acquired immunodefi ciency C(P)K creatine (phospho)kinase syndrome CD cluster of differentiation AKI acute kidney injury (followed by number) ALI acute lung injury CDI central diabetes insipidus AL(K)P alkaline phosphatase cf. compare with ALT alanine aminotransferase CHF congestive heart failure ANA antinuclear antibody CKD chronic kidney disease Ao aorta Cl− chloride ion APC atrial premature CN cranial nerve contraction CNS central nervous system APTT activated partial CO cardiac output thromboplastin time CO carbon dioxide 2 APUDomas amine precursor and COAP cyclophosphamide, Oncovin uptake decarboxylation (vincristine), L-asparaginase omas prednisolone ARDS acute respiratory distress COP cyclophosphamide, syndrome Oncovin (vincristine),

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Helping you get started with a problem solving approach to a sick cat. Notes on Feline Internal Medicine 2nd edition is part of a popular series specifically designed, through an accessible note-based style, to ensure veterinarians and students have quick and easy access to comprehensive and practic
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