Notes on Erythrina variegata (LINNAEUS 1754) (Rosopsida: Fabaceae) and Quadrastichus erythrinae KIM 2004 (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae) in Seychelles

2007·0.29 MB·

by  Gerlach, Justin

© Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at
Linzer biol. Beitr. 39/1 79-82 23.7.2007
Notes on Erythrina variegata (LINNAEUS 1754)
(Rosopsida: Fabaceae) and Quadrastichus erythrinae KIM 2004
(Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae) in Seychelles
J. GERLACH & M. MADL
Abstract: Quadrastichus erythrinae KIM 2004 (Eulophidae), a gall inducer, is
recorded from the Seychelles islands causing death of Erythrina variegata LINNAEUS
(Fabaceae) on several islands. A checklist of species of the subfamily Tetrastichinae is
added.
K e y w o rd s : Erythrina variegata LINNAEUS, Quadrastichus erythrinae KIM,
Seychelles.
Introduction
Members of the subfamily Tetrastichinae are mainly parasitoids, but in some genera gall
inducers are represented (La SALLE 2004, KIM et al. 2005). Several species have become
invasive pests (KIM et al. 2004, 2005).
The recently described Quadrastichus erythrinae KIM 2004, induces galls on different
species of Erythrina sp. (Fabaceae) causing severe damage or death of the tree. The
biology of the species has been studied in Taiwan (YANG et al. 2004) and its chemical
control in Hawaii (HARA et al. 2006).
The genus Erythrina LINNAEUS 1753 is represented by about 110 species in tropical and
subtropical regions around the world. Erythrina variegata LINNAEUS 1754 is mainly
planted as an ornamental tree, but is also used in farming, landscaping and as a medical
plant (WHISTLER & ELEVITCH 2006). In Seychelles it is an indigenous species of the
coasts (ROBERTSON 1989, FRIEDMANN 1994), but almost all individuals have been plan-
ted deliberately for landscaping purposes. The vernacular name is mourouk or bwa
mourouk and the leaves are used to treat cough and asthmatic attacks (ROSALIE 1998).
Observations
Large numbers of Erythrina variegata LINNAEUS were planted on Fregate Island in the
late 1990s as part of the habitat restoration programme on that island. Galls of
Quadrastichus erythrinae KIM were first noted on Erythrina variegata LINNAEUS in
2002. By October 2002 all trees of this species planted on Fregate were affected leading
to premature leaf loss. Galls affected 100 % of petioles and a high rate of mortality was
© Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at
80
apparent. By 2003 all planted trees had died. In the same year the only naturally seeded
plants of the species known in Seychelles died. One was a 2 m tall sapling at Grand Anse
(Praslin Island), the other an exceptionally large tree (trunk diameter 2 m) at Grand
Barbe (Silhouette Island). In this case premature leaf fall had been observed, but leaves
had not been examined for galls. The cause of death is not known, but the timing impli-
cates Quadrastichus erythrinae KIM. Similarly, it is reported that almost all E. variegata
trees died on Mahé in about 2000 (D. Dogley pers. comm.). This may indicate that Q.
erythrinae KIM arrived first on Mahé (the largest island of the group which also has all
international transport connections).
Material
Fregate: 5(cid:1)(cid:1) on petioles of Erythrina variegata L., 1.10.2002 leg. Justin Gerlach (NHMW).
D istribution: Until now the species has been recorded from American Samoa, China,
Hawaii, India, Japan, Mauritius, Philippines, Réunion, Singapore, Taiwan and U.S.A. (Florida).
Distributional and synonymic checklist of Tetrastichinae
Hitherto 18 species have been recorded from the Inner Seychelles. There are no records
from the coralline outlying islands.
Endemic species are marked with an asterisk.
*Aprostocetus aeruginosus (MASI 1917)
D istrib u tio n : Inner Seychelles: Mahé.
*Aprostocetus agnatus (MASI 1917)
D istrib u tio n : Inner Seychelles: Anonyme.
Aprostocetus asthenogmus (WATERSTON 1915)
Tetrastichus metalliferus MASI 1917
D istrib u tio n : Inner Seychelles: Mahé.
*Aprostocetus distinguendus (MASI 1917)
D istrib u tio n : Inner Seychelles: Mahé.
*Aprostocetus dolichocerus (MASI 1917)
D istrib u tio n : Inner Seychelles: Mahé, Silhouette.
Aprostocetus hagenowii (RATZEBURG 1852)
D istrib u tio n : Inner Seychelles: Mahé, Silhouette.
*Aprostocetus longiventris (MASI 1917)
D istribution: Inner Seychelles: Silhouette.
© Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at
81
*Aprostocetus nigriceps (MASI 1917)
D istribution: Inner Seychelles: Silhouette.
? Aprostocetus stictococci (SILVESTRI 1915)
D istrib u tio n : Inner Seychelles: Mahé.
Aprostocetus theioneurus (MASI 1917)
D istrib u tio n : Inner Seychelles: Mahé, Silhouette.
Melittobia assemi DAHMS 1984
D istrib u tio n : Inner Seychelles: Mahé.
Melittobia hawaiiensis PERKINS 1907
D istrib u tio n : Inner Seychelles: Mahé.
Nesolynx phaeosoma (WATERSTON 1915)
Syntomosphyrum trichops MASI 1917
D istrib u tio n : Inner Seychelles: Mahé, Silhouette.
Quadrastichus erythrinae KIM 2004
D istrib u tio n : Inner Seychelles: Fregate.
Tetrastichus dispar MASI 1917
D istrib u tio n : Inner Seychelles: Mahé.
*Tetrastichus longifimbriatus MASI 1917
D istrib u tio n : Inner Seychelles: Mahé.
*Tetrastichus nigricoxa MASI 1917
D istrib u tio n : Inner Seychelles: Mahé.
*Tetrastichus seychellensis MASI 1940
D istrib u tio n : Inner Seychelles: Mahé, Silhouette.
Zusammenfassung
Über Erythrina variegata (LINNAEUS 1754) (Rosopsida: Fabaceae) und Quadrastichus erythrinae
KIM 2004 (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae) auf den Seychellen. - Quadrastichus
erythrinae KIM 2004 hat das Absterben von vielen Bäumen von Erythrina variegata LINNAEUS
1754 auf mehreren Inseln verursacht. Eine Artenliste der Unterfamilie Tetrastichinae ist beigefügt.
© Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at
82
References
FRIEDMANN F. (1994): Flore des Seychelles. Dicotylédones. — Paris (Orstom): 1-663.
HARA A.H., JACOBSEN C.M. & D.M. TSUDA (2006): Chemical Control of the Erythrina
(Wiliwili) Gall Wasp (EGW), Quadrastichus erythrinae: Trials and Tribulations. —
(www.mauget.com/uhegwstudy.pdf).
KIM I.-K., DELVARE G. & J. La SALLE (2004): A New Species of Quadrastichus
(Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): A Gall-inducing Pest on Erythrina (Fabaceae). — Journal of
Hymenoptera Research 13 (2): 243-249.
KIM I.-K., MCDONALD M. & J. La SALLE (2005): Moona, a new genus of tetrastichine gall
inducers (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on seeds of Corymbia (Myrtaceae) in Australia. —
Zootaxa 989: 1-10.
La SALLE J. (2004): Biology of gall inducers and evolution of gall induction in Chalcidoidea
(Hymenoptera: Eulophidae, Eurytomidae, Pteromalidae, Tanaostigmatidae, Torymidae).
— In: RAMAN A., SCHAEFFER C.W. & T.M. WITHERS (Eds), Biology, Ecology and
Evolution of Gall-inducing Arthropods: 507-537.
ROBERTSON S.A. (1989): Flowering Plants of Seychelles. — Kew (Royal Botanical Gardens):
327 pp.
ROSALIE M. (Ed.) (1998): Medical Plants of Seychelles. Series Two. — Victoria (Natural
Heritage): 75 pp.
WHISTLER W.A. & C. ELEVITCH (2006): Erythrina variegata (coral tree), vers. 3.1. — In:
ELEVITCH C.R. (Ed.), Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry
(http://www.traditionaltree.org).
YANG M.-M., TUNG G.-S., La SALLE J. & M.-L. WU (2004): Outbreak of erythrina gall wasp
(Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Erythrina ssp. (Fabaceae) in Taiwan. — Plant Protection
Bulletin 46: 391-396.
Adresses of the authors: Justin GERLACH
133 Cherry Hinton Road
GB-Cambridge CB1 7BX, Great Britain
E-mail: [email protected]
Michael MADL
Internationales Institut für Entomologie
Naturhistorisches Museum
Burgring 7, A-1010 Vienna, Austria
E-mail: [email protected]