Notebooks for an Ethics

607 Pages·1992·5.75 MB·English

by  Jean-Paul Sartre

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TheU niveorfsC ihtiyc Pagroe ss ChicaagnoLd o ndon
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•
JEA ·PAUL SARTRE
NOTEBOOKS FORA N ETHICS
Translated by David Pellauer
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TheU niveorsfCi htigyco aP reCshsi,c a6g0o6 37
TheU niveorfsC ihctiayg Por eLstsd,L. o,n don
1992b yT heU niveorfsC ihtigyco a
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Prinitnte hde UnSittaetde s of America
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Origipnuabllliyas shC eaidhe prosu urn meo arle,E ditions
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Gallim1a89r3d.,
LibroafCr oyn grCeastsa nlgo-giin-PubDlaitcaa tion
SartJreeaP,na u1l09,5 1-890
Cahipeorusur n em oraElneg.l ish
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Notebofoorka sne th/iJ cesa n-SPaarutltr rea;n slated
byD aviPde llauer.
p. em.
TransloaftC:ia ohnip eorusur n meo rale.
Inclubdiebsl iogrraeepfrheinaccnaedlis n dex.
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Thep apuesre idn tphuibsl icmaeteittoshnm e i nimruem­
quiremoeftn htAesm eriNcaatni onal fSortI afnnordmaar­d
tioSnc ienPceers-manoefPn acpefe orrP rinted MLai­brary
teriAaNlSsIZ, 3 9.48-1984.
CONTENTS
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TranslatIonrt'rso duct-ioVnI I
• • •
ForewobrydA rletEtlek aim-Sar-trXeX III
2
NoteboIo k-
412
NoteboIoIk
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1: 555
AppendixT heG ooda ndS ubjectiv-ity
2: 561
AppendixT heO ppressoifoB nl ackisnt heU niteSdt ate-s
575
Index
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TRANSLATOR'SI NTRODUCTION
A
sA rleEtltkea im-nSoatrietnhsr e efror ewotrotd h eidsi tiSoanr totrfwe o' s
notoeobkfsor a lelt'h wircist itn1e 4n97 a nd14 98S,a rthraeda nnounacte dt he
very oefBn edian ngNd o tihnegsnhsi,ss i x-hupnadgerese sdoa-npy h enomenolog­
icoanlt oltohgahytew, o uldde voats eu bseqwuoertnkote thi"cWsh:aa tr wee
tou ndersbtyta hnbides i [ntghs ee lf-recfloencstciivoteuh sainttse h fseros - itself
andt hmeo raagle nwth]i cwhi ltlos hiotlsdie nal wfe t,ob ea d sitanfocrme
itsIelsiaft q ? u estoifbo anfdi a tohr aonfo tfhunedra meantttaeilt? Au nddc an
onlei tvheni esw a spoefcb te inIgnp? a rtiwciufllerlae rd obmy taiktisfnerogl f
ane neds caaplseli tounasOt?iro nt hceo ntrwairilyrtl,e maine d?sO irtw uialtl
isti tuiattsseeo l fm tuhcmeho rper ecainstedhl meyo rien diuvailadlsiyp t r eocjts
itsfeurltfh ienar n guaissa hc onditfieroendeoadmn da ccempotrsfe ul liyt s
responsaisab nie lxiitsbyty e ntw htohmwe o rlcdo meisn tboe inAgl.tlh ese
questwihoinrcsehe,f ru st oap uraen ndo atn a ccesrseoflreycc taifinon ndt, h eir
repolnylo ynt heet hipclaalWn ee . shaoltlte ot d heevamf uturweo rkT.h"i)s
unkepprto miusnek,ei pntt h see ntsheaS ta rtnreev deirpd u bliseht hhiicss
durihnigse tliimhfeac,sa usmeudc shp eculaantdci oonnt roSvoemrhesa yv.e
heltdh at as purcohj weacsit n heriemnptolsys giibvtlehende e sctriioopnf
inteercstiuitbdvyje velionBp eeidan ngNd o thinsgso,nt ehhearvsme a intatihnaetd
thgee neoruatll oifan S easr treetahanir cde i scearnncdia benlv ee bnefi lliend
1J.e an-SPaarutBlre eia,nn gNd o thinAgnnE esssosan:yP hneomeongioclOanltl oogtyr,a Hnasz.e l
E.B arn(eNse Ywo rkPh:i loiscoLapilhb ra15r96y),, 6 28p;F. r enocrhi g1i4n93a.l
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inc onsiddeertaaabinlldes, t oitlhle hrasvt ea kseonm etlhiiknaerg e visionist
posihtoilogdnt ,ih naaSt a rtertehaiinsc sp oisofsn imebo lveeb se yotnhdle i mits
ofB eianngNd o thginenssso,m etihtis noigms e tsiumgegse Ssatrehtdir me sdeildf
ovetri mees,p eciinha ilCslr yi toifDq iulaee cltR iecaasaonntd h aec companying
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2
introdeuscsteaonyrt yi" tSleeadfr roca Mh e th,oAd f.uortpho siotnineoe na,r est
tot hveei wI t akaetf ehra vitnrga nstlhaetnseoedt eboiotskh saw,th iSlaer tre
doeosff re nau mbeorf i nteredsitsicnugso sfti oopnirsce sl etvoaa nnet t hics
develoonpt ehbdea soifhs i osnt ologdyi scusthsaito nbmsera eyaf drot hem­
selavsae s st imutlofu urst htehro ugahntoy v ersaylnlt hielssa icska inndig n
thlea asnta liysus niasat itnaIbd loen .om te atno d enriagtSea rterffoer'tissn
sayitnhgia sn,Idf ulleyx pescotmS ea rtsrceh otlota arksie s swuietm hy j dug­
menyte;it ts eebmess ttob ec lewahra mty opwons iitsii noo nfe fritnhge se
fwe refleocntt ihotinessax ntid t psr eparianot ridotenosr t imucllaotssete urd y
ofi nto wt haitti sa vabilliean Eanng lviesrhs ion.
Infc att,hp eo ssiobfdi elmiotnys tarnaytoionnfteg h ese ptoobs eci otriroencst
habse erne ndemroercdeo mplteoxdb aeyc awuesk en otwh aSta rdtriwedr ite
manmyo rpea goens etbheiycotsnh de nsoeto eobkBso.bS toannedE laibzeth
Bowmafnro,e xamprleep,ot rhetex istoeftn hcfeelo lowsitnuignl plu blished
maetria1l6sh5:a ndwrpiatgtpeelsn u asn ot1he3tr9y ppeadg epsr,e pairne d
1694-6a5st hbea sfiors lae ctguirveae tnt hGer amsIcnis tiitnRu otmeea ;
typewrmiatntuesnco rf4i 9pp9ta gdeast ifonrmg1 694a;n adm anuscirni psti x
sections2 9tt3oy tpaetlweirpnnia gtg epsr,o bawbrtlieytan st hbea sfiroas s eries
ofl ectSuarrewtsar ssec hedtuogl ievdeC oartn ells iUitnny1i 6 9v5be urwth ich
hec anceilne dp raogtaeisAntms etr iicnavno lvientm heen t ViweatrnS.ao3m
anyovneen turpirnegs "etSnoat r ettrhei'mcsus sa"tc cetphpteo ssiobfbi eliintgy
provmeids taaktle ena,us nttw ielh avaelo lft hmiast earnidwa hla teovtehre r
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wntllmlaygy sea tp pear.
2.J ean-SPaarutlCr reiu,te oi fqD ilaecltR iecaasvoonl1,.:T h eorofyP ractEincsbaeellms t,r ans.
AlaSnhe ridan-(SLmointdVhoe nr:s1 o89,2S )e;a frorc hA MettrhaoHndas,z. Be la rn(eNse Ywo rk:
Kno,p1 f697A)n.e ditoifSo anr tirnec'osm pplreeotcjets eedc ovnodl uomfte h Cer iutehi aqs been
publipsohsetdh umoCursiulteoiy fq:D ilaecltR iecaasvoonl2,. :T heI ntgeilblioilfHi itsyt oeryd,.
ArletEtlek a'im-StarraQtnursie.n, Ht oianr( eN eYwo rVke:r s1o99,1. F) oars tuislelfd uils cussion
ofe arrleys potnos etpsho es siobfia Sl airttyr eetahnis ceTseh, o maCs.A nder"sTohnPe,r esent
StaotfeS artrEetahni cisnh, i"Tsh eF oundaatniSdot nr ucotfS uarret Erteihacn(s L awrence:The
RegenPtrseo sfsK ansa1s79,9 )p,p 3. -1.A 4monmgo rree cednits cussseiteoh nfesol ,l owing
book-lweonrgktashn dt hebiirb liogLrianpdhAai.B e eslS:la ,r tErteh'oisfcA su thceint(tyTi usca­
looUsnai:v eorfsA iltayb aPmrae 1s8s99,T) h;o maWs.B uscThhe,P oweofrC onsucsisnsoae ntdh e
ForocfCe ircucmesstS aainrnt Prhei'lso s(oBoplmhoiyn gtIodnni:aU nnai veyPr rsei1st9s90,D) a;v id
DetmeFrre,e daosam V aluAe :C riuteoi fqt hEet hliT cheaorofyJ aen-PaSualr (tPreer IulO,lp .e:n
Cour1t89,8 )T;h omaRs.F lynSna,r tarnedM a rxEixssitt enstmiT:ah leTi esCta soefC ollective
Repsonsi(bCihliictUayng iov:e orfsC ihctiayg Por e1s8s94,W) i;l liLa.Mm c BriSdaer,tP roel'ist ical
Theory( BloomiIndngitaoUnnna:i vePrrseis1t9sy9),1 .
3.B obS toanned E lisaBboewtmha "nE,t hiDqiuael ecUtnip qrueem:ri eegra arudnx o tdees
lac onferdeen cReo1 m69e4,,i "nS ulrei sc rpiotsst hdueSm aers(t Brreu sEsdeiltsdi:eo nls' Universite
de Brux1e89l7lp)ep,s. , 9-33.
v i i i
Twoo thgeern ecroanls idearraaetl irsoeonl sei vnca onnt sidtehrenisonetg e ­
bookst haqenu de stoifaoS na rtreetahniT chesfi .r csotm eforsm t htee ixtts ;e lf
thsee cornedfl eScatrst orwens' ist uaatshi euo nnd ertthopiorsko jFercottm.h e
texitt s,ie tl wfiosr tnho titnhgan to whedroeeS sa rtrreead lilsyc wuhsashte
meanbsy eatnh iactls e,an sotit n t erfmmasi ltioaE rn glish-pshpielaoksion­g
pheTrhse.ri ens o m entoifod ne ontovleorgcsyou nss equenntoai caklnioswml,­
edgmeonfmt e taetrheiflceacalt si odni fsortmin nocrtm aettihv4ieE c vse.onn
his toewrnm s,i st dhnieeorrc deti scuosfts hireoe nl abteitownoe netngo yla ond
ethiaclst,h oiutsg ehe mcsl etahrao tn tolhoagtsyh per ioarnidpt ryo viad es
touchsbtywo hniect hoe valaunapytr eo poestehdie cxsi;s tpernecceee dtehsi cs,
iyfo wu ilTlh.ea nswtehrve,e rSya rtraenasnwt eor ,w hheam te anbtye thics,
imti gbhets aiwda,ts o ibnte h oeu tcotmhebe,o otkh awto ulrde sfuorlmtt he
inquibreigueinsnt hensoet ekbsoB.ou wte d o nhoatvt eh abto oakn tdh eorreef
we dnoo t htahvaaetn swseora ,n y intoefrS parretmtrueesr t ssuopmpel y
workrienpgtl oty h qeu estoifwo hnaS ta rhtarde miinn d whhete anl akbeodu t
unmeo rael,a ne th(iocprse rhaaplst hoIru egejhc ttehdti rsa nslaam toiroanl
philosAonpdfh oryu )s.a, sh irse adtehresir,fse ur thertmhoqeru ee stHioown ,
doetsh eitsh sitcasin nrd e lattowi hoanwt e k nowo uaprsh ilosotprhaidciatli on
ofe thiscyeasmlt?s T hilsa tqtueers tiissoi ng niifiofcn albnyet c aiuts enh eavse r
beecnl ewahra Sta rctornec ehiivrsee dl attoi owbnie tr he gatrosd u cpha rotfs
thtirsa diatsSi tooni cSipsimn,oo zrKa a,n atl,ol fw hichhas do mien uflenocne
hitsh inkitnhge.ps aeTr toth sne o tebaodotdkh sle o omingo fHfi egguerbleu, t
thHee geolft hPeh.e nomoegnyn,oo ltth aotft hPeh iloosfoR pihgtyh.T h aItd o
not as celee aanrs wteotr h eqsuee stiinto hnesns oet eboaopkafsror,tm t he
assertthiaotn c oanntye mpeotrhamirucyssb t er evoluyts ioocniiaanrnl aitsutr e
ancdo ncrneotateb ,s triastc hpter, i mraerays wohnyI m yserlefat dh tiesxa ts
as eroiffe arsg ments thraanti hneadrsi coafat fi invaesl y,s tesmtaattiecm ent.
The sefccaotnoItd rh iwnekn eetdo conisnei xdaemri Snairntgar tet'esm pts
tod evealnoe pt hoinct sh bea soifBs e iangn Ndo thinssgh naetso d o wai th
chanignhe i osw ns ituaWthieonhn ew. r oatnepd u blitshhlieasdt wtoerrhk e
wass taim lelm bert hFoerf e nch awcoardloednm,ei cwh hanodo yte att tained
au niveprossiitbtyui wtoh no w asc leatralryg efrots eudc ahna ppoinitmfe nt
hew erteo ceotmhepi dlso ctoBrya1 t49e7S.,a rhtardet t lhewifosr ledn,cr oauged
by tshuec coefhs isps l anyosv,e alnsdo, t hmeorr oec caswirointatilont grtsyo
litvhele ei o fft hkei nodfp erstohnaa ttt hatti mheet houhgehw ta ntteobd e :
af maouwsr itBeylr e.a vtihnaegc adetmriacSc akr,t rneo l woansgu enrd tehre
prestsoup rueb ltihstehy poefw oraknssd u ppodrotciunmge natu antiivoenr sity
posiwtoiuolrnde quHierw ea.us n dtehrpe r esosfup rueb liesnhoiuntggoeh a rn
a liviwnhga,t ehviedsra y-toi-niddffareye ntcoem oneIyfn. o theilnsghe i,s
writingt hweoorureblefed a imaetdab roaaduedri etnhcatenh t ey piucnailv er-
4.On t he ohtahnesdre,p e p 4.6 -f4or7w hawte m igthatk aesS artorwenn' esg atciovmem ents
ont hlei moift saa nna layptpirco taoec thh .i cs
•
ix
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siptryeo sfswooru ledni vsaTgheu.Is fi ,n di hte lupltf or eatdh ensoet ebaoso ks
thaet tetmolp tad yo wtnh oeu tloifan b eoso okne thiwcistt,hh eem phaosni s
"booaksm" u cahs eotnh iabc oso,bk ya c ommitwtreidtb euatrl asb oo obky
ag rewarti ttehrme o deSla rtcraems eu bsequteorn etjlieynch tia su tobio­
graphtiecsatla WmoerndtsI,.ti s tihsnie sn tsheat th e ptlwaotn obs e f ound in
S
thensoet ebforooa kb so ookn e thaircsesi gnifipcaarntti,cw uhleatnrh leayyr e
complembeyna t theidnr edwp, l anno,w avatioul swa,rb ilteit n1e 49n8 p,e rhaps
jsuta ftheehr a ds etth neo tebaosoikdse .6
Is harlelt utrotn h epslea nasm oimne nFti.rh sotw,e vleert, n moett eh ree
othseoru rbceeysoB,ne dia nngNd ot hginensasn adp proxicmoantteelmyp oraneous
witthh ensoet ebotohkaIstf ,uo ndh eluplif nd ecidhionwtg ot ranstlhaitse
materainadwl h,i cshe epma rticruellaertvloauy nn td ersttahnitdsei xintng
teromfsi thsi stocroinctaelx t?
Thefi rsiSsta rtwreel'ls- klneocwtonun er xei stenatsaif roamlo ifhs umm an­
8
ismd,e livienOr cetdo 1b4e95rs, h orattfletyrh lei beroafFt riaonnSc aer.tirse
knowtnoh avree gretthtpeeo dp uloaftr hioitfsyt reenp rilnetcetwduh riehc,eh
consiudnerreepdr esoefhn itmsao trcieov nes ipdoeironefvtd i ebwu,t i sri etl e­
vanttoa ttemtpout nsd ershtieastn hdai ncdhsa tsob ec onsiidnedriecdoa ft ive
hitsh inkiintn hgpee riboedt wBeeeinan ngNd o thins,sgw nheicwha sp ublished
in1 493, tahnendso et ebioofonk lsby,e casuoms aen oyft hsea mteh emaepsp ear
inb otwho rkFsi.rt shte,ir tseh ies souffee r edoamsa p riymc ahraractoefr istic
humaenx istencet;he irstseeh cceol natdih,mas ti ntcheei rse G noodt ,h earree
noa p rivoarliut ehsac ta sne ravste h bea sfiorse thidceacli �(iaonendvs e inf
thewreer aeG o,di wto ulmda kneo d ifrfeenicne trheaigrsds ,i nvcael uteoos
aruel timdaetpeelnyod nef nertec hoiacnedt),h; i trhde,ir se ctlhaeti hmam ty
feredonme cesyis asr illitnook tehdef rrdseo'em indeIea dm,n o ftr euen less
othaerrsew ealsTl h.e rea ltsihosoe tf eonv erlosoukgegdet shtamitoo nra aclt s
are maonrael otgooa unse stohneettsih cat noa nyk inodfd educftorimo n
5. JeaSna-rPtTarhueeWl,o rdtsr,a Bnesr.n Farredc ht(mNaeYnwo rGke:o rBgrea zi1l9l6e4r),.
Witahn umboefro thceorm mentoantS oarrst trhe,ii nbtke sttod rotph dee finairtteii cntl hei s
1
titilnEe n glsiosa hsb ettteocr o nvtehyie m plsiecni"stoe n wloyr ds."
6.T heF rentcehxo tf tphliaasnp peaasar nsa ppentdoJi exa n-SPaarutVlre rei,et tEe x sitence,
texettea beltai n noptaerA rleEtltkea im-(SPaarrtGirasel: l im1a89r9d)p,,p .17 3-3A9 .f ull
transloaft itvohonil su imsfeor thcomfirnotmgh Uen iveorfs iCtghyoi P craess.
7.A morceo mpleextpeo swiotuiloadnl so hcaovnes iStdaoer rtw raerd' isa rpiaerst,i cularly
forw hatth erye veaabloh uitis n iitdieaaalbs o wuhta t twoba esc oBmeei anngd NothSieneg ness.
TheWa rD iaroifJe aesn -PSaaurltN rovee:m b1e99r31 Mar1c9h4t 0r,a Qnusi.n Htoianr( eN eYwo rk:
PanthBeooonk1 s89,4 S)a.r tarnedd' es Beaucvoorirre'ssp osnudpepnotcrhegtee s n eirmaplr ession
of whoirsik n t hpiesr iod cboynt vheeaysneedhd i s owtrhietriS negJese .a n-SPaarutLlre et,t res
auC asettoq ru elaquuretes2sv ,o l(sP.a rGiasl:l im1a89r3dS),i;m odneeB eauvLoeiterts,S r aret, r
a a
2 volesd.S.,y lvLieBe o nd eB eauv(oPiarrG iasl:l im1a99r0d)a,;n di deJmo,u rndaegl u erre:
sepbtee1rm9 39-j1a9n4ve1id,eS. ry lvLeiB eo nd eB eauv(oPiarrG iasl:l im1a99r0d),.
8. JPeaauSnla rt"rTeh,He u maniosfEm x istentiinia dleiEmss,ms ,ai"ynE s xs itteiniaslme,d .
WadeB asktirna,Bn esr.n aFrredc ht(mNaenYw o rTkh:e C itaPdreels1 s69)5p,,p 3.1 -62.
pregipvreenm iisnte hsat th eayl waiynsv oclrveea atnidoi nn venatc iloani,m
thante etdosb e loaotak geadii nnl igohftt h mea npya gienst hensoet ebooks
wherSea rrterteu tron sqt uhees toifGo onda nhdi osw na rgumaegnatisan nsyt
possyio bfai c lrietaetxin hoiinlo ora ne ncsua ssau Ait.l eawshta tp airst aita lly
stahkeer iet, nsoewe tmosm e,i sa na ttetmopd te eptehnue n derstoafn ding
creaitmipolnii nte hdce l atihma t itsh aeaernse t haestptieocce tx istential ethics.
Mancyo mmentatodriss chu"asTvsheeHe du maniosfm Existeinnt ialism"
teromfst hqeu estwihoent haS earr treetahcnia chn a vaen nyo rmgsi,v heins
understoafnf erdeidnogom t,h peerr htahpasfne r edoimt setlhfoe n avesa lue
thaatc coufrona tnsoy t hvearl uonemesa yh appteohn a ve. wTohreriyr seems
to tbheaa S ta rtreetahrnie ca clalnynm oati nttahiasnto maec tiaorinems m oral,
hentchee re ncoaw na ytb oje d ugeo neo'wsno ro thearcst'ia osrn isg ohrt
wronIgns. o mwea yIst ,h iSnakr twroeu ladg reael,t hohuedg ohe msa intain
inh ilse cttuhrawete c apna sjsdu gmenntom,to rajdlug meinntt hsee nosfe
rigohrwt r onagsh icsr iwtoiucllsdi kbeur,ta tijodungamle inntt e romfts r uth
orf lasiwthye,rd esi honeissatk yi nodff lasiatd yi frfeent iwyfao ywu i lolf
reduceitnhtgio ec psi stemAoslt ootg hqyeu. e9s wthieotnah neayrc itis m moral,
anayc twioinnl olbt e s of rotmh peo ionfvt i eowft hfero -i.tA ssSe alrfstarye s,
"we nceavnce hro oesveiW le. alwcahyosot shgeeo od"3 7(S)po.i. tf h ere are
bada ctisnt, h see nosfem orablalday c ttsh,pe r obloefom t hemrussp tl aay
rolMey.a citsa lwagyosou dn tsiolm eoenless ae yost herBweiisfnerog.- i,t self
apafrortm b einogr--fotdhoeenrsos nt,e cesisnacrlieultdyche sii ;it ms e reolnye
ofi tcso ndiotfip oonsss iAbtit lhivete yrl.ye atshte,tn h,me e anionfgg o oadn d
bahda s troe tbheoi unag S hatr treetahni cst,h eirasen ds ionimdcea toifao nn
attetmodp ott hiins tnhoetseeb Tohoekq su.e sitwsih oent thheaerft of rets capes
anotfhvaeorr cihtaer ogfSe a rtcrrei'ttsih cassto, m etlhiiaknnega p rinoorrim
keesplsi pbpaicnikgn twoh aSta rtsraeyF so.er x ampilnte h,e nsoet ebhoeo ks
wislalay to npeo iIns th,o ufeledda h ungpreyr snoobnte catuhsaiets rtihgeh t
thitnogd ob ubte cahuesi esh ungTrhye.o bviroeutsio srw,th aitsm orally
wronagb out hbuenig?nrA gyr ey onuo ats sum"iiintsgw ronfgora nyotnoe
goh unyg"ra?n tdh aer gumiesjni otn eodn caeg aaibno tuhtpe o ssiobfai nl ity
ethoincS sa rttreer'misasf n, e thhiactssod eterminoerp rriunlcfeirospr liegsh t
ac• tIOn.
Sartwroeu lodfc, o urset,h atrthe epmrlaeyyb ea n ormaptrievmeoi pseer a­
tivbeui,tit as r esoufml yt choiotsi,idt no gen so ptr eetxhiacstht o iEcveei.nf
othehrasvp er evidoeucsiltdyhe seda mteh iinitgs , mnyon to rumn lIem sask e
it bsyao c tiunpgoi nt W.h at critics whoarvreai beeodsu tpthe,oc uigahl,l y
beyotnhdai sss ertthiaaont no rimsn oatn orfmro m eu nleId sesc iidsteh all
beo nei,st haed ditciloanSiaamlr tmraek eisnt hpea ssjasugtce i ttehdam ty
choiicsse o mehao cwh oiacbeo huotw t hinsghso ublefd ro e very"oWnee :
9." Oncea nnhoetlc po nsidtehrteir nuogtf th h mea ttDeirs.h oniesosb tvyi oufslalsye hood
a
becaiubtse el iecso mtphlfeer teee dom of i(nivbopil.d5v .7e,.m e)n t"
xi