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north atlantic treaty organization manual of data requirements and PDF

547 Pages·2005·1.88 MB·English
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NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED AOP-7 (Edition 2) ALLIED ORDNANCE PUBLICATION NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION MANUAL OF DATA REQUIREMENTS AND TESTS FOR THE QUALIFICATION OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS FOR MILITARY USE (TOC) June 2003 NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED AOP-7 Edition 2 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED AOP-7 Edition 2 NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION NATO STANDARDIZATION AGENCY (NSA) NATO LETTER OF PROMULGATION 1. AOP-7 (Edition 2) - MANUAL OF DATA REQUIREMENTS AND TESTS FOR THE QUALIFICATION OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS FOR MILITARY USE is a NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED publication. 2. AOP-7 (Edition 2) is effective upon receipt. 3. AOP-7 (Edition 2) contains only factual information. Changes to these are not subject to the national ratification procedures; they will be promulgated on receipt by the nations concerned. Jan H ERIKSEN Rear Admiral, NONA Director, NSA (TOC) I NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED AOP-7 Edition 2 RESERVATIONS NATION RESERVATIONS (TOC) II NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED AOP-7 Edition 2 RECORD OF AMENDMENTS Identification of Amendment/Change – Section Date By whom Remarks No. Entered Entered III NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED AOP-7 Edition 2 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK IV NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED AOP-7 Edition 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE NATO LETTER OF PROMULGATION I RESERVATIONS II RECORD OF AMMENDMENTS III TABLE OF CONTENTS V 1. INTRODUCTION 1-1 2. OBJECTIVES 3-1 3. SCOPE 3-1 4. DEFINITIONS AND REFERENCED POLICY DOCUMENTS 4-1 5. METHODS TO RECORD AND ISSUE DATA 5-1 6. REVIEWS AND REVISIONS OF THIS MANUAL. 6-1 7. ASSESSMENT PRINCIPLES AND COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR THE 7-1 QUALIFICATION OF EXPLOSIVES 7.1 Primary Explosives 7-3 7.2 Booster Explosives 7-5 7.3 High Explosives 7-9 7.4 Solid Gun & Rocket Propellants. 7-11 7.5 Liquid Propellants 7-13 7.6 Pyrotechnic Compositions 7-15 8. AGING PROTOCOLS 8-1 9. FINAL (or TYPE) QUALIFICATION 9-1 10. NATIONAL QUALIFICATION PROCEDURES AND TEST 10-1 INFORMATION SHEETS 10.7.1 Canada CN-1 10.7.2 Czech Republic CZ-1 10.7.3 Denmark DN-1 10.7.4 Finland FN-1 10.7.5 France FR-1 10.7.6 Germany GE-1 10.7.7 Italy IT-1 10.7.8 Norway NL-1 10.7.9 Poland NO-1 10.7.10 Romania PL-1 10.7.11 Netherlands RO-1 10.7.12 Slovak Republic SK-1 10,7.13 Sweden SW-1 10.7.14 Switzerland CH-1 10.7.15 United Kingdom UK-1 10.7.16 United States US-1 10.7.17 Belgium BE-1 (TOC) V NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED AOP-7 Edition 2 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK VI NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED AOP-7 Edition 2 CHAPTER 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Explosive materials such as high explosives, propellants and pyrotechnics are used in weapon systems to perform a variety of functions. They provide the energy required to deliver the payload to the target and to obtain the desired terminal effect. Because of their high energy content, these materials are sensitive and can be initiated by stimuli such as heat, shock, friction, impact, and electrostatic discharge. All of these stimuli may be encountered in development programs, and later in the manufacture, transport, storage, and operational or training use of explosive materials. 1.2 The careful and judicious selection of explosives is important since it will affect the sensitivity and safety of munitions and the vulnerability of weapon platforms. Trade-off with performance can be made, but in general, the more powerful the explosive used, the more sensitive it is to stimuli, and the more protection must be provided to shield munitions in hazardous areas. Since in many applications space is limited, it is often impossible or unfeasible to provide the increased protection. Therefore, in qualifying explosives, National Authorities must exercise caution and concern for the sensitivity and the suitability for service of the explosive materials being considered for all military applications. Further, munition designers should select the least sensitive explosive material that meets the operational requirements defined for their application. 1.3 In the past, the tests, and criteria used by each North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) country to accept explosives for military use have not been readily available nor, in general, well documented. This has delayed the NATO-wide acceptance of explosives, hindered munitions interoperability programs, caused unnecessary testing redundancy, and wasted the valuable material and financial resources of countries in the Alliance. 1.4 The use of modeling to assess the behavior of explosive materials under a wide range of stimuli and scenarios is important. The Qualification phase lends itself to the determination of the intrinsic properties of the explosive materials and allows for the generation of a range of modeling parameters. This then will allow those nations wishing to model small and intermediate-scale testing the opportunity to develop appropriate models and computer codes. In addition, it will facilitate the development of generic test vehicles and test methods that will underpin and support weapons safety and suitability for service activities. The AC/310 Subgroup 1 will consider further development along these lines in the future. 1.5 The recognition of the differences in weapon sensitivity evaluations and in the explosives selection processes among NATO nations, led to the establishment of the AC/310 Cadre Group and four Subgroups. This organization operates under the aegis of the Conference of National Armament Directors (CNAD). Since 1997 the AC/310 group has admitted non-aligned, Partnership for Peace (PfP), nations who wish to participate in these activities. The four Subgroups in AC/310 address, respectively, Explosive Materials, Fuzing Systems, Environment, and Generic Classes of Munitions. 1.6 Subgroup 1 (Explosive Materials) has developed an approach and is standardizing the tests used to acquire the data deemed necessary for the Qualification of military explosives. The Subgroup recognizes that substantial continuing efforts must be directed toward the following: 1.6.1 The development of Standardization Agreements, STANAGs, on test equipment, and test procedures used to acquire the data to satisfy national requirements for the Qualification of explosives used by the military. 1.6.2 The formation and identification of central repositories of data on qualified explosives in each member country to facilitate the exchange of information used in munitions co-development or cross-procurement programs. 1-1 NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED AOP-7 Edition 2 1.6.3 The documentation of tests and acceptance criteria which may be unique to one nation to permit other NATO members to understand and interpret the data exchanged in terms of the specific test apparatus, procedures, and criteria employed. 1.6.4 The development of STANAGs to assure that the explosives used by the NATO forces are produced to the same or equivalent material specification and to the same or equivalent quality assurance principles. 1.7 STANAG 4170, "Principles and Methodology for the Qualification of Explosive Materials for Military Use," documents the agreement to standardize the assessment principles and methodology. This manual supplements STANAG 4170 and presents the specific requirements, techniques, and tests used by the participating nations to implement the STANAG. 1.8 This document is officially designated Allied Ordnance Publication No. 7, "Manual of Data Requirements and Tests for the Qualification of Explosive Materials for Military Use." The abbreviated designation "AOP-7" is used throughout this manual. (TOC) 1-2 NATO/PfP UNCLASSIFIED

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AOP-7 (Edition 2) - MANUAL OF DATA REQUIREMENTS AND TESTS FOR THE. QUALIFICATION OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS FOR MILITARY USE is a NATO/
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