Noor Ul Amin Final Thesis Pdf

191 Pages·2017·1.33 MB·English

THE INDIAN MUSLIMS’ SERVICES TO
AFGHANISTAN (1880s – 1930s)

By

NOOR-UL-AMIN

AREA STUDY CENTRE
(RUSSIA, CHINA & CENTRAL ASIA),
UNIVERISTY OF PESHAWAR
April - 2015
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THE INDIAN MUSLIMS’ SERVICES TO
AFGHANISTAN (1880s – 1930s)

By

NOOR-UL-AMIN

A dissertation submitted to Area Study Centre, (Russia, China &
Central Asia) University of Peshawar in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

AREA STUDY CENTRE
(RUSSIA, CHINA & CENTRAL ASIA),
UNIVERISTY OF PESHAWAR
April - 2015
68
DECLARATION

I declare that dissertation “The Indian Muslim Services’ to
Afghanistan (1880s – 1930s)” is the outcome of my individual
research and it has not been submitted to any other University for
the Grant of Degree.

Noor Ul Amin
February 2016

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AREA STUDY CENTRE
UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR

Final Approval

This is to certify that we have read the dissertation submitted by
Mr.Noor-Ul-Amin and it is our judgment that this is of sufficient
standard to warrant its acceptance by the University of Peshawar,
for the award of degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

Supervisor: ___________________________
Prof. Dr. Fazal-ur-Rahim
Marwat
Pakistan Study Centre
University of Peshawar

Examiner: _______________________
Prof. Dr. Syed Jaffar Ahmad
Director,
Pakistan Study Centre
University of Karachi

Director Area Study Centre: _______________________
Prof. Dr. Sarfraz Khan
Area Study Centre
University of Peshawar
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE NO
Introduction 1
Chapter-1 Indians and Afghans Interaction; A 8
Historical perspective
Chapter-2 The Indian Muslims’ Services To 40
Afghanistan (During Amir Abdur
Rahman Era) & The Contributions Of
Afghanistan In The Establishment Of
Islamia College Lahore

Chapter-3 The role of Dr. Abdul Ghani and other 67
prominent Indian Muslims in the
modernization of Afghanistan since 1901
and onward

Chapter-4 The Indian Revolutionaries, Nationalists 108
And Their Services To Afghanistan
(1915-1929)
Chapter-5 The Indian Muslim services to 143
Afghanistan In 1930s

CONCLUSION 176

APPENDIXES 182
BIBLIOGRAPHY 203
ABSTRACT
This study is an effort to highlight the political and educational
services of the British Indian Muslims to Afghanistan from 1880 to
s
1930 . It traces the influence of the British Indian Muslims from Amir
s
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Abdur Rahman to Nadir Shah period. It also underlines the
contributions of the British Indian Muslims in spearheading the first
constitutional movement which ultimately resulted in the first
Constitution of Afghanistan. The modern education in Afghanistan has
also been initiated and promoted by the Indian Muslims teachers who
were hired by Amir Habibullah Khan in 1903. The significance of Dr.
Alama Muhammad Iqbal’s visit to Afghanistan is also elaborated. The
historical epoch under this study is replete with many selfless Indian
Muslims who dedicated themselves to serve Afghan nation,
particularly in the field of education, politics, print media, judiciary
and diplomacy. Among them, the services of Mir Munshi Aala Sultan
Muhammad Khan, Maulana Najaf Ali, Dr. Abdul Ghani, Muzafar
Khan Marwat, Muhammad Hussain, Maulana Saif-ur Rahaman, Fazal
Muhmood Makhfi, Allah Nawaz, Dr. Allama Muhammad Iqbal and his
companions have been researched in this dissertation. These and many
more Indian Muslims served with missionary zeal on meager
remuneration for considerable years to erect a modern and democratic
Afghanistan as it was a service to Islam and to their own brethren
during the period under study.
Besides, introduction, conclusion, appendixes, glossary and
bibliography, there are five chapters in this dissertation. Chapter one
deals with the historical perspective of Afghan and Indian interaction
in different forms like travelers, traders and preachers starting
from1747 up to 1880. During that period, various treaties and wars
between British India and Afghanistan have also been highlighted. The
Second chapter discusses the Indian Muslim services to Afghanistan
during the reign of Amir Abdur Rahaman wherein the role of Sultan
Muhammad Khan, the Chief Secretary (Mir MunshiAlaa) of the Amir,
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and Najaf Ali is particularly highlighted. Similarly it also deals with
the contributions of Afghanistan in the establishment of Islamia
College Lahore. The third chapter describes the contributions of Indian
teachers who laid the foundation of modern education in Afghanistan,
led by Dr. Abdul Ghani and other Indian teachers during Amir
Habibullah Khan era. On the other hand, this chapter also highlights
the development of various constitutional movements in Afghanistan
organized by these Indian Moallimeen. The essence of chapter four is
the activities of Indian Nationalists, revolutionaries, agents/spies in
Afghanistan. Prominent among them are, Mulana Saif-ur-Rahman, a
revolutionary who served Qazi Askar (Military Justice/Judge) and
envoy on behalf of Afghanistan in USSR, Abdul Haq and Najaf Ali,
the British spies/agents and Abdul Akbar Khan Akbar, a nationalist.
Chapter five recounts the significance of Allama Muhammad Iqbal and
his companions’ visit to Afghanistan to give educational awareness to
the Afghan youth. The conclusion is drawn on the basis of findings
that the British Indian Muslims during the period (1880s – 1930s)
played a significant role in the development of Constitutionalism and
propagating modern education in Afghanistan. It is also found out that
some of them were spying for the British Indian Government, but
many were sincerely working for the bright future of Afghanistan in
high official capacities. The methodology of the dissertation has been
historical, descriptive and analytical.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It’s an immense pleasure for me to be enabling for accomplishing
this challenging task of this dissertation, entitled “The Indian Muslims’
Services to Afghanistan (1880s-1930s)”. The credit goes to my
honorable supervisor Dr. Fazal-ur-Rahim Marwat, who provided me
valuable guidance and time despite his numerous commitments. He
guided me to have accuracy each and every point in this work, without
his guidance it was impossible for me to accomplish this task. Besides,
I am offering my heartiest thanks to my teachers, especially late Dr.
Muhammad Anwar Khan for his encouragement and valuable guidance
throughout in his presence in the Centre. I offer my woe to the Director
of the Area Study Center, Dr. Sarfraz Khan, he provided me
opportunities of learning in every step of my long stay in the Center, its
his blessing that now I am accomplished this task, which was once in
my dream. I also render my thanks to all the non-teaching staffs and
friends especially Syed Anwar Ali Shah, Sahar Gul, Rooh ul Amin in
the Centre.
I offer my thanks my colleagues Younas Khan and Fazli Rahman
Haji sb for their cooperation in terms of the facilitation of time and
courage during my research work.
At the end I offer my greatest love, affection and thanks to my
late parents, without their guidance and love I would never be in this
position, so the credit really goes to them. I thank my brothers and
sisters they have provided me time, money and courage during my
study. I also thank my children, Bahzad Amin, Hibba Noor, Talha
Amin and my wife Hina Naushad provided me time, courage and
affection during the course of my study.
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Last but not the least; I have no words to express my gratitude to
Mr. Asghar Jani, who left no stone unturned in the composition of my
research thesis.

Noor ul Amin

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GLOSSARY
1. Amir: Nobleman, Ruler, Prince
2. Afrad-e-Police: Sepoys.
3. Badrag: escort.
4. Bozgars: sharecroppers, peasants
5. Butparast: gods worship
6. Diwani or Sulatan:, crown lands
7. Darbir-ul-Mulk: Private Secretary to the Amir; Secretary of
State
8. Darbar: Royal Court
9. Firqa Mishar: Major General
10. Firqa: Division
11. Faujdar: Commandant
12. Ghulam Bacha: pages (often the sons of Afghan nobles and
high officials)
13. Hamsaya: Client (lit. One who shares shade), needs protection.
14. Hasht nafri: compulsory military service. In every eight
members, one was supposed to join armed forces.
15. Hanafi Sunn: sunni sect following Hanafi school of Islamic
Sharia.
16. Hijra: migration of Prophet Mohammad from Makkah to
Madina.
17. Ijtihad: independent reasoning (deducing laws was regulations
from the original text of the Holy Quran and Sunna of Prophet
Mohammad (pbuh).
18. Ijma: Consensus of religious scholars on solution of some
issue.
19. Itimad-i-Daula: Chief Secretary; Prime Minister
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